Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Nýlega bætt við
Social Support and Perceptions of COVID-19-related Emotional Impact on Mental Health Among Early Adolescents in Appalachia
(2023-05) Layman, Hannah M.; Mann, Michael J.; Smith, Megan L.; Kogan, Steven M.; Kristjansson, Alfgeir L.; Department of Psychology
Background: Young people who experience higher levels of social support from their schools and families have been shown to be less likely to develop symptoms of negative mental health outcomes such as depression and anxiety.1–4 This raises questions concerning how young people's stress and psychological changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic as well as social support during this time have affected their overall mental health. The aim of this study was to assess the association between sources of parental- and school-level social support and youth perceptions of COVID-19-related emotional impact on mental health among early adolescent girls and boys in Appalachia. Methods: Using linear regression, we analyzed the first and third wave of survey data from the larger parent study (Young Mountaineer Health Study) cohort, collected in 20 middle schools throughout West Virginia in the fall of 2020 and fall of 2021 (N = 1349, mean age: 11.5, response rate: 80.7%). Results: Approximately half of participants reported knowing someone that had been sick with COVID-19. Those experiencing higher levels of perceived COVID-19-related emotional impact reported greater levels of depression, anxiety, and anger. Both parental and school-level social support were associated with better mental health outcomes. Conclusions: Early adolescent perceptions of COVID-19-related emotional impact were associated with depression, anxiety, and anger and moderated by social support at home and in school among 11-12-year-old youth in Appalachia.
Using an objective computer task (QbTest) to aid the identification of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the Children and Young People Secure Estate (CYPSE) : a feasibility randomised controlled trial
(2022-12-16) Chitsabesan, Prathiba; Hall, Charlotte Lucy; Carter, Lesley Anne; Reeves, Mindy; Mohammed, Vaseem; Beresford, Bryony; Young, Susan; Kraam, Abdullah; Trowse, Sally; Wilkinson-Cunningham, Lloyd; Lennox, Charlotte
Objectives QbTest has been shown to improve time to decision/diagnosis for young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim was to assess the feasibility of QbTest for young people in prison. Design Single-centre feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT), with 1:1 allocation. Concealed random allocation using an online pseudorandom list with random permuted blocks of varying sizes. Setting One Young Offenders Institution in England. Participants 355 young people aged 15-18 years displaying possible symptoms of ADHD were assessed for eligibility, 69 were eligible to take part and 60 were randomised. Intervention QbTest - a computer task measuring attention, activity and impulsivity. Main outcome measures Eligibility, recruitment and retention rates and acceptability of randomisation and trial participation. Results Of the 355 young people assessed for eligibility, 69 were eligible and 60 were randomised (n=30 QbTest plus usual care; n=30 usual care alone). The study achieved the specified recruitment target. Trial participation and randomisation were deemed acceptable by the majority of participants. 78% of young people were followed up at 3 months, but only 32% at 6 months, although this was also affected by COVID-19 restrictions. Secondary outcomes were mixed. Participants including clinical staff were mostly supportive of the study and QbTest; however, some young people found QbTest hard and there were issues with implementation of the ADHD care pathway. There were no serious adverse events secondary to the study or intervention and no one was withdrawn from the study due to an adverse event. Conclusions With adaptations, a fully powered RCT may be achievable to evaluate the effectiveness of QbTest in the assessment of ADHD in the Children and Young People Secure Estate, with time to decision (days) as the primary outcome measure. However, further programme developmental work is required to address some of the challenges highlighted prior to a larger trial. Trial registration number ISRCTN17402196.
Validity and feasibility of remote measurement systems for functional movement and posture assessments in people with axial spondylarthritis
(2022-12) Hannink, Erin; Mansoubi, Maedeh; Cronin, Neil; Wilkins, Benjamin; Najafi, Ali A.; Waller, Benjamin; Dawes, Helen
Introduction: This study aimed to estimate the criterion validity of functional movement and posture measurement using remote technology systems in people with and without Axial spondylarthritis (axSpA). Methods: Validity and agreement of the remote-technology measurement of functional movement and posture were tested cross-sectionally and compared to a standard clinical measurement by a physiotherapist. The feasibility of remote implementation was tested in a home environment. There were two cohorts of participants: people with axSpA and people without longstanding back pain. In addition, a cost-consequence analysis was performed. Results: Sixty-two participants (31 with axSPA, 53% female, age = 45(SD14), BMI = 26.6(SD4.6) completed the study. In the axSpA group, cervical rotation, lumbar flexion, lumbar side flexion, shoulder flexion, hip abduction, tragus-to-wall and thoracic kyphosis showed a significant moderate to strong correlation; in the non-back pain group, the same measures showed significant correlation ranging from weak to strong. Conclusions: Although not valid for clinical use in its current form, the remote technologies demonstrated moderate to strong correlation and agreement in most functional and postural tests measured in people with AxSA. Testing the CV-aided system in a home environment suggests it is a safe and feasible method. Yet, validity testing in this environment still needs to be performed.
University students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) : a consensus statement from the UK Adult ADHD Network (UKAAN)
(2022-12) Sedgwick-Müller, Jane A.; Müller-Sedgwick, Ulrich; Adamou, Marios; Catani, Marco; Champ, Rebecca; Gudjónsson, Gísli; Hank, Dietmar; Pitts, Mark; Young, Susan; Asherson, Philip
Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with poor educational outcomes that can have long-term negative effects on the mental health, wellbeing, and socio-economic outcomes of university students. Mental health provision for university students with ADHD is often inadequate due to long waiting times for access to diagnosis and treatment in specialist National Health Service (NHS) clinics. ADHD is a hidden and marginalised disability, and within higher education in the UK, the categorisation of ADHD as a specific learning difference (or difficulty) may be contributing to this. Aims: This consensus aims to provide an informed understanding of the impact of ADHD on the educational (or academic) outcomes of university students and highlight an urgent need for timely access to treatment and management. Methods: The UK Adult ADHD Network (UKAAN) convened a meeting of practitioners and experts from England, Wales, and Scotland, to discuss issues that university students with ADHD can experience or present with during their programme of studies and how best to address them. A report on the collective analysis, evaluation, and opinions of the expert panel and published literature about the impact of ADHD on the educational outcomes of university students is presented. Results: A consensus was reached that offers expert advice, practical guidance, and recommendations to support the medical, education, and disability practitioners working with university students with ADHD. Conclusions: Practical advice, guidance, and recommendations based on expert consensus can inform the identification of ADHD in university students, personalised interventions, and educational support, as well as contribute to existing research in this topic area. There is a need to move away from prevailing notions within higher education about ADHD being a specific learning difference (or difficulty) and attend to the urgent need for university students with ADHD to have timely access to treatment and support. A multimodal approach can be adapted to support university students with ADHD. This approach would view timely access to treatment, including reasonable adjustments and educational support, as having a positive impact on the academic performance and achievement of university students with ADHD.
Thermal hysteresis analysis of finned-heat-pipe-assisted latent heat thermal energy storage application for solar water heater system
(2022-12) Bazri, Shahab; Badruddin, Irfan Anjum; Usmani, Abdullah Yousuf; Anwar Khan, Saleem; Kamangar, Sarfaraz; Naghavi, Mohammad Sajad; Rahman Mallah, Abdul; Abdelrazek, Ali H.
This work numerically investigates the performance of an innovative compact-design solar water heater (SWH) using evacuated tube heat pipe solar collectors (ETHPSCs) coupled with a latent heat storage tank (LHS tank). This system is thought to be an unwritten fourth generation of solar water heaters known as heat-pipe-assisted thermal batteries. The basic and explicit hypothesis is to store energy than a bulk of hot water, which is the key distinction in compared to the prior classical sorts. Using three phase change materials (PCMs) for high and low solar intensity categories in the tropical region of South East Asia, a computational effort is conducted to model the system and the given temperature headed for the supply output hot water. This research is validated by two interrelated experimental and analytical investigations. According to the results of 12-h charging (melting) process, the maximum mean temperature of the PCMs belongs to PCM C, Rubitherm (RT70HC), which indicates 101 °C during the defined typical high daily solar radiation. This value implies 2.02% error in compared to the reference study. Referring to the solid-liquid interface parameter, the maximum liquefied thickness is also for PCM C with 76 mm thickness. However, reaching the complete melting is required by further studies.
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
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- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts