A dynamic mid-crustal magma domain revealed by the 2023 to 2024 Sundhnúksgígar eruptions in Iceland

Matthews, Simon W.; Caracciolo, Alberto; Bali, Enikő; Halldórsson, Sæmundur A.; Sigmarsson, Olgeir; Guðfinnsson, Guðmundur H.; Pedersen, Gro B. M.; Robin, Jóhann Gunnarsson; Marshall, Edward W.; Aden, Araksan A.; Gísladóttir, Bryndís Ýr; Bosq, Chantal; Auclair, Delphine; Merrill, Heini; Levillayer, Nicolas; Löw, Noëmi; Rúnarsdóttir, Rebekka Hlín; Johnson, Sóley M.; Steinþórsson, Sveinbjörn; Drouin, Vincent

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A dynamic mid-crustal magma domain revealed by the 2023 to 2024 Sundhnúksgígar eruptions in Iceland

Title:	A dynamic mid-crustal magma domain revealed by the 2023 to 2024 Sundhnúksgígar eruptions in Iceland
Author:	Matthews, Simon W. Caracciolo, Alberto Bali, Enikő Halldórsson, Sæmundur A. Sigmarsson, Olgeir Guðfinnsson, Guðmundur H. Pedersen, Gro B. M. Robin, Jóhann Gunnarsson Marshall, Edward W. Aden, Araksan A. ... 10 more authors Show all authors Gísladóttir, Bryndís Ýr Bosq, Chantal Auclair, Delphine Merrill, Heini Levillayer, Nicolas Löw, Noëmi Rúnarsdóttir, Rebekka Hlín Johnson, Sóley M. Steinþórsson, Sveinbjörn Drouin, Vincent 20 authors Show fewer authors
Date:	2024-10-17
Language:	English
Scope:	309-314
University/Institute:	Háskóli Íslands University of Iceland
School:	Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ) School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI)
Department:	Jarðvísindastofnun (HÍ) Institute of Earth Sciences (UI)
Series:	Science;386(6719)
ISSN:	0036-8075 1095-9203
DOI:	10.1126/science.adp8778
Subject:	Jarðefnafræði; Reykjanes; Eldgos; Svartsengi; Bergfræði
URI:	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/5042
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Citation: Simon W. Matthews et al., A dynamic mid-crustal magma domain revealed by the 2023 to 2024 Sundhnúksgígar eruptions in Iceland. Science 386, 309-314 (2024). DOI: 10.1126/science.adp8778
Abstract: Mid-crustal magma domains are the source of many basaltic eruptions. Lavas from individual eruptions are often chemically homogeneous, suggesting they derive from single well-mixed magma reservoirs. The 2023-2024 eruptions at Sundhnúksgígar in the Svartsengi volcanic system, Iceland, provide an opportunity to observe the behavior of a mid-crustal magma domain at high spatial and temporal resolution by detailed sampling and geochemical characterization. We observed substantial mantle-derived geochemical variability in the products erupted in the first hours of the December 2023, January, February, and March-May 2024 eruptions, indicating the eruptions derived from multiple magma reservoirs, which mineral-melt equilibration pressures place in the mid-crust. The unusual presence of geochemical heterogeneity in the mid-crustal magma domain provides an insight into how dynamic and complex mid-crustal magma domains can be.