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Iceland as Stepping Stone for Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus between Europe and North America

Iceland as Stepping Stone for Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus between Europe and North America

Title: Iceland as Stepping Stone for Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus between Europe and North America
Author: Günther, Anne
Krone, Oliver
Svansson, Vilhjalmur
Pohlmann, Anne
King, Jacqueline
Hallgrimsson, Gunnar Thor   orcid.org/0000-0002-3697-9148
Skarphéðinsson, Kristinn Haukur
Sigurðardóttir, Heiða
Jónsson, Stefán Ragnar
Beer, Martin
... 2 more authors Show all authors
Date: 2022-12-01
Language: English
Scope: 6
University/Institute: The Institute for Experimental Pathology University of Iceland
Department: Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences
Series: Emerging Infectious Diseases; 28(12)
ISSN: 1080-6040
DOI: 10.3201/eid2812.221086
Subject: avian influenza; Europe; H5N1; highly pathogenic avian influenza; highly pathogenic avian influenza virus; HPAIV; Iceland; influenza virus; migratory birds; North America; North Atlantic; respiratory infections; stepping stone; subtype; transatlantic spread; viruses; zoonoses; Epidemiology; Microbiology (medical); Infectious Diseases
URI: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/3977

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Citation:

Günther , A , Krone , O , Svansson , V , Pohlmann , A , King , J , Hallgrimsson , G T , Skarphéðinsson , K H , Sigurðardóttir , H , Jónsson , S R , Beer , M , Brugger , B & Harder , T 2022 , ' Iceland as Stepping Stone for Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus between Europe and North America ' , Emerging Infectious Diseases , vol. 28 , no. 12 , pp. 2383-2388 . https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2812.221086

Abstract:

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of hemagglutinin type H5 and clade 2.3.4.4b have widely spread within the northern hemisphere since 2020 and threaten wild bird populations, as well as poultry production. We present phylogeographic evidence that Iceland has been used as a stepping stone for HPAIV translocation from northern Europe to North America by infected but mobile wild birds. At least 2 independent incursions of HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b assigned to 2 hemagglutinin clusters, B1 and B2, are documented for summer‒autumn 2021 and spring 2022. Spread of HPAIV H5N1 to and among colony-breeding pelagic avian species in Iceland is ongoing. Potentially devastating effects (i.e., local losses >25%) on these species caused by extended HPAIV circulation in space and time are being observed at several affected breeding sites throughout the North Atlantic.

Description:

Funding Information: This study was supported by the European Union Horizon 2020 (program grant VEO no. 874735) and by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project PREPMEDVET, grant no. 13N15449). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). All rights reserved.

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