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Extensive genetic differentiation between recently evolved sympatric Arctic charr morphs

Extensive genetic differentiation between recently evolved sympatric Arctic charr morphs


Title: Extensive genetic differentiation between recently evolved sympatric Arctic charr morphs
Author: Guðbrandsson, Jóhannes   orcid.org/0000-0002-2231-0910
Kapralova, Kalina   orcid.org/0000-0002-5571-0160
Franzdottir, Sigridur Rut   orcid.org/0000-0001-9300-7022
Bergsveinsdóttir, Þóra Margrét
Hafstað, Völundur
Jónsson, Zophonías Oddur   orcid.org/0000-0001-5798-9647
Snorrason, Sigurður S.
Palsson, Arnar   orcid.org/0000-0002-6525-8112
Date: 2019-09-12
Language: English
Scope: 10964-10983
University/Institute: Háskóli Íslands
University of Iceland
School: Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ)
School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI)
Department: Líf- og umhverfisvísindastofnun (HÍ)
Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences (UI)
Lífvísindasetur (HÍ)
Biomedical Center (UI)
Series: Ecology and Evolution;9
ISSN: 2045-7758
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5516
Subject: Genetic variability; Lake Thingvallavatn; Pooled sequencing; RNA‐Seq; Salvelinus alpinus; Erfðabreytileiki; RNA kjarnsýra; Bleikja; Þingvallavatn; Ferskvatnsfiskar; Vistfræði
URI: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/1434

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Citation:

Guðbrandsson, J., Kapralova, K. H., Franzdóttir, S. R., Bergsveinsdóttir, Þ. M., Hafstað, V., Jónsson, Z. O., . . . Pálsson, A. (2019). Extensive genetic differentiation between recently evolved sympatric Arctic charr morphs. 9(19), 10964-10983. doi:10.1002/ece3.5516

Abstract:

The availability of diverse ecological niches can promote adaptation of trophic specializations and related traits, as has been repeatedly observed in evolutionary radiations of freshwater fish. The role of genetics, environment, and history in ecologically driven divergence and adaptation, can be studied on adaptive radiations or populations showing ecological polymorphism. Salmonids, especially the Salvelinus genus, are renowned for both phenotypic diversity and polymorphism. Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) invaded Icelandic streams during the glacial retreat (about 10,000 years ago) and exhibits many instances of sympatric polymorphism. Particularly, well studied are the four morphs in Lake Þingvallavatn in Iceland. The small benthic (SB), large benthic (LB), planktivorous (PL), and piscivorous (PI) charr differ in many regards, including size, form, and life history traits. To investigate relatedness and genomic differentiation between morphs, we identified variable sites from RNA‐sequencing data from three of those morphs and verified 22 variants in population samples. The data reveal genetic differences between the morphs, with the two benthic morphs being more similar and the PL‐charr more genetically different. The markers with high differentiation map to all linkage groups, suggesting ancient and pervasive genetic separation of these three morphs. Furthermore, GO analyses suggest differences in collagen metabolism, odontogenesis, and sensory systems between PL‐charr and the benthic morphs. Genotyping in population samples from all four morphs confirms the genetic separation and indicates that the PI‐charr are less genetically distinct than the other three morphs. The genetic separation of the other three morphs indicates certain degree of reproductive isolation. The extent of gene flow between the morphs and the nature of reproductive barriers between them remain to be elucidated.

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