Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
Veldu flokk til að skoða.
- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts
Nýlega bætt við
Access to kidney transplantation and re-Transplantation from childhood to adulthood : Long-Term data from the ERA Registry
(2025-08-01) Preka, Evgenia; Bonthuis, Marjolein; Marks, Stephen D; Kramer, Anneke; de Vries, Aiko P J; Sørensen, Søren S; Bakkaloğlu, Sevcan A; Bistrup, Claus; Jahnukainen, Timo; Arévalo, Olga L Rodriguez; Buchwinkler, Lukas; Segelmark, Mårten; Sanchez, J Emilio; Arnol, Miha; Ordóñez-Álvarez, Flor A; de la Cerda-Ojeda, Francisco; Plumb, Lucy A; Methven, Shona; Pálsson, Runólfur; Lundgren, Torbjörn; Ríos, Héctor; Ortiz, Alberto; Stel, Vianda S; Harambat, Jerome; Jager, Kitty J; Faculty of Medicine
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Knowledge regarding access to first kidney transplantation (KT) and subsequent KT in patients commencing kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in childhood is limited. METHODS: Using European Renal Association (ERA) Registry data, we investigated European patients who started KRT below 20 years of age between 1978 and 2019. Access and determinants to first, second and third KT were assessed using multivariable Cox regression. RESULTS: 12 623, 4077, and 1186 patients were included while awaiting first, second and third KT, at median ages of 13.8 (IQR: 7.5-17.4), 20.9 (IQR: 16.5-26.1) and 26.6 (IQR: 20.3-32.8) years, respectively. During the study period, overall access was 87.8%, 72.7% and 60.5% for first, second and third KT, respectively, and median time to each KT was 0.9 (IQR: 0.2-2.1), 1.9 (0.6-4.5) and 2.6 (IQR: 1.0-5.3) years. Younger age at KRT initiation (aHR 0-4 vs. 10-14 years: 0.54; 95%CI: 0.51-0.57) and female sex (HR: 0.94; 95%CI: 0.90-0.98) were associated with lower access to first KT. KT candidates between 15-19 years had lower access to first and second KT (aHR: 0.69; 95%CI: 0.66-0.73, and aHR: 0.70; 95%CI: 0.61-0.81) compared to 10-14 year-olds. Compared to CAKUT, glomerulonephritis patients had lower access to KT (aHR: 0.75; 95%CI: 0.71-0.80 for first, aHR: 0.89; 95%CI: 0.81-0.98 for second and aHR: 0.80; 95%CI: 0.66-0.97 for third KT). Similarly, patients with primary renal diseases with high risk of recurrence, had lower chances of receiving a first and second KT (aHR: 0.80; 95%CI: 0.76-0.85 for first, aHR: 0.86; 95%CI: 0.78-0.95 for second KT). Access to re-transplantation was also higher with prior pre-emptive KT and previous graft survival exceeding five years. CONCLUSION: Our study highlights KT access disparities particularly for females, the youngest recipients, high-risk age (15-19 years), and diseases with recurrence risk. Notably, pre-emptive transplants and enduring previous grafts offer advantages regarding re-transplantation.
Conservation and restoration of Icelandic wetlands : An evaluation of progress towards implementation of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
(2025-04) Barry, Tom; School of Humanities and Social Sciences
This paper is focused on implementing a framework to evaluate Ramsar implementation at the national level and evaluating one country’s (Iceland) progress towards achieving the goals of the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar) —the only global Multilateral Environmental Agreement (MEA) focused exclusively on the conservation and wise use of a specific ecosystem type. It does so through: Exploring the status and trends of Ramsar-designated wetlands and wetlands in general in Iceland; Evaluating progress towards Iceland's goals for wetland restoration and conservation; Analysing Iceland's Ramsar reporting to determine its adequacy in assessing progress towards Ramsar goals; Comparing Iceland's performance against its Ramsar commitments to assess its effectiveness in meeting these obligations; and Comparing Iceland’s progress in wetlands conservation and restoration with other Arctic states. In addition to improving our understanding of Iceland's progress in implementing its commitments to Ramsar, evaluating two key actions—wetlands conservation and restoration—is crucial. These actions have significant climate change adaptation and mitigation benefits and are important not only for Ramsar but also with regards to Iceland's ability to meet its commitments to two key global MEAs: the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
The Central Arctic Ocean as a beacon of hope for the global ocean
(2025-10-17) Huntington, Henry P.; Fong, Allison; Lynch, Amanda; Hovelsrud, Grete; Dawson, Jackie; Macias-Fauria, Marc; Pan, Min; Troublé, Romain; Fox, Shari; Jansen, Teunis; Barry, Tom; School of Humanities and Social Sciences
The global ocean faces unprecedented challenges from overfishing, pollution, and climate change. The Central Arctic Ocean Fisheries Agreement is a rare, if not unprecedented, example of precautionary action in marine management. Further action is needed to address other forms of industrial activity in the region. Done well, this example can provide a model for sustainable ocean management around the world, based on sound evidence, inclusive governance, and long-term thinking.
Mush Disaggregation and Dike Propagation Timescales at Active Volcanoes: Evidence from the 2022–2023 Fagradalsfjall Eruptions
(Oxford University Press, 2025-06) Caracciolo, Alberto; Marshall, Edward W.; Mutch, Euan; Bali, Enikő; Halldórsson, Sæmundur Ari; Matthews, Simon; Sigmarsson, Olgeir; Maclennan, John; Merrill, Heini; Gísladóttir, Bryndís Ýr; Johnson, Sóley M.; Gudmundsson, Gudmundur H; Robin, Jóhann Gunnarsson; Rúnarsdóttir, Rebekka Hlín; Jarðvísindadeild (HÍ); Faculty of Earth Sciences (UI); Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI)
The architectures of magma plumbing systems and timescales of magmatic processes are fundamental to understanding volcanic eruption dynamics. This is especially crucial when investigating the rejuvenation of magma plumbing system that have been dormant for extended periods, as their long-term evolution is poorly understood, making eruption monitoring more challenging. The 2021–2023 Fagradalsfjall eruptions provide a unique perspective on the initial stages and temporal evolution of a basaltic magma plumbing system, since its previous eruptions occurred ~7000 years ago. In this study, we focus on the 2022 and 2023 Fagradalsfjall eruptions, integrating our petrological and geochemical dataset with data from the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption. We show that the 2022 and 2023 Fagradalsfjall eruptions were sourced from a near-Moho magma domain at ~14 km depth, similar to the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption. However, clinopyroxene–melt barometry suggests that the 2022 and 2023 magmas experienced crystallization in an incipient mid-crustal reservoir or during slow ascent within the magma conduit. The 2022 and 2023 Fagradalsfjall lavas show substantially less compositional variation than the 2021 lavas and are dominated by geochemically enriched compositions that became apparent after the first 40 days of the 2021 event. Olivine mesocrysts (100–500 μm in length) and plagioclase macrocrysts (>500 μm in length) constitute two different populations in the crystal cargo. Olivine mesocrysts are interpreted as autocrysts that crystallized from the host magma, whereas the plagioclase crystals, which are out of chemical equilibrium with the host magma, are derived from a crystal mush. Olivine and plagioclase diffusion timescales represent two different processes. Plagioclase diffusion timescales reveal the erosion of crystal mushes, a process that unfolded over the months and days prior to the 2022 and 2023 eruptions. The decreasing duration of these timescales from 2021 to 2023 suggests an increasingly rapid response of the plumbing system to deep melt injections and the progressive shortening of unrest timescales. In contrast, olivine diffusion timescales capture the timing and duration of dike opening and propagation from near-Moho depths, as evidenced by the correlation between their cumulative frequency distribution and pre-seismic activity. Combined geophysical, petrological, and barometric data suggest that the 2022–2023 propagating dikes took significantly longer to traverse the lower crust and reach mid-crustal levels compared to the upper crust, which they breached within a few days through a fully established magma pathway. Our results highlight the importance of deep magmatic processes and the need to improve monitoring methods for detecting the early stages of magma accumulation and dike propagation at active volcanoes in geological settings similar to Iceland.
How close is too close? Mapping the impact area of renewable energy infrastructure on tourism
(Elsevier, 2022-03-22) Tverijonaite, Edita; Sæþórsdóttir, Anna Dóra; Ólafsdóttir, Rannveig; Hall, C. Michael; Líf- og umhverfisvísindadeild (HÍ); Life and Environmental Sciences (UI); Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI)
Estimating the spatial extent of the impacts of renewable energy infrastructure on tourism is crucial for the identification of potential locations of resource use conflict. Such a task, however, is complicated and requires inclusion of social perceptions on the spatial extent of the impacts. This study investigates perceptions of the tourism industry in Iceland regarding the impact area of existing and proposed energy projects on tourism and analyses the factors affecting its size and shape. It is based on semi-structured interviews with tourism service providers, during which participants mapped their perceived impact areas using participatory mapping software. The results revealed that the reasoning affecting the perceived spatial extent of the impacts falls into three categories: visibility of renewable energy infrastructure and related environmental impacts; tourist mobility; and changes in tourism due to energy projects. Moreover, the impacts of the proposed energy projects were perceived as more negative compared to existing ones. Energy projects were considered less suitable in wilderness areas, which were defined by the tourism service providers as an important resource for nature-based tourism, but more acceptable in developed areas. Thus, the spatial extent of the impacts and the compatibility of renewable energy infrastructure with tourism highly depend on changes in place meanings and tourism processes brought by energy infrastructure as well as affected elements of tourism networks. This emphasizes the importance of including tourism stakeholder perceptions and knowledge into the early stages of energy planning to ensure sustainable development of both the tourism and energy industries.