The mass balance of a glacier is strongly connected to climate. At high latitudes, mass balance is typically controlled by snow accumulation during the winter and the glacier ablation during the summer. In Iceland, direct mass balance observations ...

Continuous GPS measurements on three broad and gently sloping temperate ice-cap outlets in southern and western Vatnajökull, southeast Iceland, and in northern Hofsjökull, central Iceland, are the subject of this thesis. The measurements show events ...