dc.contributor |
Háskóli Íslands |
dc.contributor |
University of Iceland |
dc.contributor.author |
Türke, Andreas |
dc.contributor.author |
Jackson, Marie D. |
dc.contributor.author |
Bach, Wolfgang |
dc.contributor.author |
Kahl, Wolf-Achim |
dc.contributor.author |
Grzybowski, Brian |
dc.contributor.author |
Marshall, Beau |
dc.contributor.author |
Gudmundsson, Magnus Tumi |
dc.contributor.author |
Jørgensen, Steffen Leth |
dc.date.accessioned |
2020-04-03T11:12:42Z |
dc.date.available |
2020-04-03T11:12:42Z |
dc.date.issued |
2019-06-12 |
dc.identifier.citation |
Türke, A., Jackson, M. D., Bach, W., Kahl, W.-A., Grzybowski, B., Marshall, B., Gudmundsson, M. T., and Jørgensen, S. L.: Design of the subsurface observatory at Surtsey volcano, Iceland, Sci. Dril., 25, 57–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-25-57-2019, 2019. |
dc.identifier.issn |
1816-3459 |
dc.identifier.uri |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/1690 |
dc.description |
Publisher's version (útgefin grein) |
dc.description.abstract |
Surtsey, the youngest of the islands of Vestmannaeyjar, is an oceanic volcano created by explosive basaltic eruptions during 1963-1967 off the southern coast of Iceland. The subsurface deposits of the volcano were first sampled by a cored borehole in 1979. In summer 2017, three cored boreholes were drilled through the active hydrothermal system of the volcano by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) SUSTAIN Expedition 5059. These cores are expected to provide the first glimpse of microbial life in very young and native basaltic tuff of the oceanic crust. To reduce the contamination of the subsurface environment, seawater circulating fluid was filtered and passed through two UV-sterilizing treatments. One of the boreholes has been equipped with a subsurface observatory dedicated in situ experiments for monitoring water-rock interactions and microbial processes in sterile, artificial basaltic glass and in olivine granules. With temperatures ranging from 25 to 125 °C, the subsurface observatory provides a precise geothermal window into an active hydrothermal system and thus represents an exceptional natural laboratory for studying fluid-rock-microbe interactions at different temperature regimes and facilitates experimental validation of active submarine microbial processes at the limit of functional life, about 121 °C. Comparisons with the 1979 and 2019 drill cores will provide time-lapse observations of hydrothermal processes over a 50-year timescale. Here, we present the technical design of the observatory and the incubation chamber experiments deployed from September 2017 to summer 2019. |
dc.description.sponsorship |
We thank all members of the SUSTAIN onsite and science teams and the Surtsey Research Society for their
contributions to the drilling project. Bernd Zimanowski, at the University of Würzburg, produced the sterile basaltic glass for the current in situ experiments. The SUSTAIN project was funded by the
International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP; led
by Marie D. Jackson), the Icelandic Science Fund, ICF-RANNÍS
(the IceSUSTAIN consortium led by Magnús T. Guðmundsson),
the Bergen Research Foundation and K. G. Jebsen Centre for Deep
Sea Research at the University of Bergen, Norway (led by Steffen Leth Jørgensen), the German Research Foundation (DFG; led
by Wolfgang Bach and Bernd Zimanowski), and DiSTAR, University of Naples, Federico II, Italy (led by Piergiulio Cappelletti). The
University of Utah, USA (Marie D. Jackson) and the two Icelandic
power companies, Reykjavík Energy and Landsvirkjun, contributed
additional funds. Anonymous reviewers made valuable improvements to the report. |
dc.format.extent |
57-62 |
dc.language.iso |
en |
dc.publisher |
Copernicus GmbH |
dc.relation.ispartofseries |
Scientific Drilling;25 |
dc.rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.subject |
Surtsey |
dc.subject |
Volcanic eruption |
dc.subject |
Subsurface observatory |
dc.subject |
Basalt |
dc.subject |
Eldgos |
dc.subject |
Surtseyjargosið |
dc.subject |
Borholur |
dc.subject |
Jarðhiti |
dc.subject |
Borholumælingar |
dc.title |
Design of the subsurface observatory at Surtsey volcano, Iceland |
dc.type |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dcterms.license |
This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License |
dc.description.version |
Peer Reviewed |
dc.identifier.journal |
Scientific Drilling |
dc.identifier.doi |
10.5194/sd-25-57-2019 |
dc.relation.url |
https://www.sci-dril.net/25/57/2019/sd-25-57-2019.pdf |
dc.contributor.department |
Jarðvísindastofnun (HÍ) |
dc.contributor.department |
Institute of Earth Sciences (UI) |
dc.contributor.school |
Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ) |
dc.contributor.school |
School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI) |