dc.contributor |
Háskólinn á Akureyri |
dc.contributor |
University of Akureyri |
dc.contributor |
Háskóli Íslands |
dc.contributor |
University of Iceland |
dc.contributor.author |
Aðalsteinsdóttir, Sólveig |
dc.contributor.author |
Tryggvadóttir, Ellen Alma |
dc.contributor.author |
Hrolfsdottir, Laufey |
dc.contributor.author |
Halldorsson, Thorhallur |
dc.contributor.author |
Birgisdottir, Bryndis Eva |
dc.contributor.author |
Hreiðarsdóttir, Ingibjörg Th. |
dc.contributor.author |
Hardardottir, Hildur |
dc.contributor.author |
Arohonka, Petra |
dc.contributor.author |
Erlund, Iris |
dc.contributor.author |
Gunnarsdottir, Ingibjorg |
dc.date.accessioned |
2020-03-19T13:21:55Z |
dc.date.available |
2020-03-19T13:21:55Z |
dc.date.issued |
2020-01-06 |
dc.identifier.citation |
Adalsteinsdottir, S., Tryggvadottir, E. A., Hrolfsdottir, L., Halldorsson, T. I., Birgisdottir, B. E., Hreidarsdottir, I. T., . . . Gunnarsdottir, I. (2020). Insufficient iodine status in pregnant women as consequence of dietary changes. Food and Nutrition Research, 64. doi:10.29219/fnr.v64.3653 |
dc.identifier.issn |
1654-661X |
dc.identifier.uri |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/1620 |
dc.description.abstract |
Background: Historically, Iceland has been an iodine-sufficient nation due to notably high fish and milk consumption. Recent data suggest that the intake of these important dietary sources of iodine has decreased considerably. Objective: To evaluate the iodine status of pregnant women in Iceland and to determine dietary factors associated with risk for deficiency. Methods: Subjects were women (n = 983; 73% of the eligible sample) attending their first ultrasound appointment in gestational weeks 11–14 in the period October 2017–March 2018. Spot urine samples were collected for assessment of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and creatinine. The ratio of iodine to creatinine (I/Cr) was calculated. Median UIC was compared with the optimal range of 150–249 µg/L defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). Diet was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which provided information on main dietary sources of iodine in the population studied (dairy and fish). Results: The median UIC (95% confidence interval (CI)) and I/Cr of the study population was 89 µg/L (42, 141) and 100 (94, 108) µg/g, respectively. UIC increased with higher frequency of dairy intake, ranging from median UIC of 55 (35, 79) µg/L for women consuming dairy products <1 time per week to 124 (98, 151) µg/L in the group consuming dairy >2 times per day (P for trend <0.001). A small group of women reporting complete avoidance of fish (n = 18) had UIC of 50 (21, 123) µg/L and significantly lower I/Cr compared with those who did not report avoidance of fish (58 (34, 134) µg/g vs. 100 (94, 108) µg/g, P = 0.041). Women taking supplements containing iodine (n = 34, 3.5%) had significantly higher UIC compared with those who did not take supplements (141 (77, 263) µg/L vs. 87 (82, 94), P = 0.037). Conclusion: For the first time, insufficient iodine status is being observed in an Icelandic population. There is an urgent need for a public health action aiming at improving iodine status of women of childbearing age in Iceland. |
dc.description.sponsorship |
Recruitment and sample collection was funded by the University of Iceland Research Fund and Science Fund of Landspitali National University Hospital. Shipment of samples and part of the iodine analysis were funded by the EUthyroid Project, supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under grant agreement No 634453. The authors would like to thank nurses and midwives at the Prenatal Diagnostic Unit at Landspitali National University Hospital for their hospitality and positive attitudes, which greatly contributed to the recruitment of participants for this study. |
dc.format.extent |
3653 |
dc.language.iso |
en |
dc.publisher |
SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation |
dc.relation |
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/634453 |
dc.relation.ispartofseries |
Food & Nutrition Research;64(0) |
dc.rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.subject |
Iodine |
dc.subject |
Pregnant women |
dc.subject |
Food |
dc.subject |
Joð |
dc.subject |
Barnshafandi konur |
dc.subject |
Matvæli |
dc.title |
Insufficient iodine status in pregnant women as a consequence of dietary changes |
dc.type |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dcterms.license |
© 2020 Solveig Adalsteinsdottir et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license. |
dc.description.version |
Peer Reviewed |
dc.identifier.journal |
Food & Nutrition Research |
dc.identifier.doi |
10.29219/fnr.v64.3653 |
dc.contributor.department |
Matvæla- og næringarfræðideild (HÍ) |
dc.contributor.department |
Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition (UI) |
dc.contributor.department |
Læknadeild (HÍ) |
dc.contributor.department |
Faculty of Medicine (UI) |
dc.contributor.school |
Heilbrigðisvísindastofnun Háskólans á Akureyri (HA) |
dc.contributor.school |
Institute of Health Science Research (UA) |
dc.contributor.school |
Heilbrigðisvísindasvið (HÍ) |
dc.contributor.school |
School of Health Sciences (UI) |