Háskóli Íslands
Varanleg URI fyrir þennan undirflokkhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/6086
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Verk A Multi-Criteria Framework for Sustainable Structural Design Tools in Early-Stage Design(2026-09-03) Hamdallah, Mohammed; Nasser Asad, Sarah; Heinonen, Jukka Taneli; Faculty of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe construction industry’s digital maturity remains critically low in early-stage structural design, the phase where decisions most significantly dictate a building's total lifecycle impact. While a plethora of digital tools claim to facilitate sustainability, practitioners lack a systematic, evidence-based framework for tool selection, often leading to sub-optimal workflows and a "tool-choice paradox." This study addresses this gap by presenting a qualitative evaluation of three prominent tools representing distinct digital paradigms: Carbon Designer 3D (cloud-based schematic estimation), Structural PANDA (generative optimization), and Carbo-Life Calculator (BIM-integrated evaluation). Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), these tools are assessed against three core pillars: efficiency, decision support, and user experience, decomposed into 11 specific functional criteria. To ground the model, performance scoring was derived from a real-world office building case study. Our findings reveal a critical trade-off between automation and accessibility: Structural PANDA demonstrates superior generative design integration but requires high computational literacy, whereas Carbon Designer 3D excels in rapid estimation but lacks geometric flexibility. Meanwhile, Carbo-Life Calculator provides robust BIM integration for carbon tracking but fails to offer the comparative trade-off capabilities essential for iterative design. By isolating these qualitative performance drivers, this article contributes a streamlined selection matrix and a decision-support framework. This enables engineering firms and researchers to align tool selection with specific project requirements and institutional technical capacity, ultimately fostering a more effective transition toward low-carbon structural design.Verk Exploring the Viability of Utilizing Slag Waste in Concrete through LCA: A Case Study in Giessen, Germany(fib. The International Federation for Structural Concrete, 2026-09-03) Hamdallah, Mohammed; Cunha, Jaime; Qazi, Sonaila; Górecki, Jarosław; Faculty of Civil and Environmental EngineeringAccording to statistics from the VDI Centre for Resource Efficiency, approximately 30.1 million tons of cement were utilized for construction purposes in Germany in 2020, resulting in an estimated emission of 28 million tons of CO2. Given that concrete is a key material in almost 30% of residential construction, it is imperative to seek methods to reduce cement and clinker usage. One promising avenue involves integrating waste materials into concrete, offering the dual advantage of lowering cement consumption while effectively managing industrial waste. However, the practicality of this approach heavily relies on the availability and quantity of waste materials. To delve deeper into this concept, a study was conducted in Giessen, Germany, with a focus on managing waste from local steel mills, which produce approximately 0.6 tons of waste per ton of steel. This waste encompasses various materials such as steelmaking slag, electric arc furnace dust, mill slag, and zinc sludge. The study examined four concrete scenarios, each involving different levels of cement substitution with Ground Granulated BlastFurnace Slag (GGBFS). These scenarios included Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) with 40% substitution, Conventional Concrete (CC) with 40% and 20% substitution, and CC without waste valorization serving as the control mixture. Evaluations spanning 100 and 200-year lifespans indicated that CC with 40% GGBFS had the least environmental impact over a century. However, over a 200-year period, the durability of UHPC positioned it as the most environmentally friendly option in terms of embodied energy, considering the respective design lifespans of both mixtures. Further analysis, factoring in the reduction in reinforcement within the UHPC mixture, however, it still has the highest environmental for the 100-year design life span (without considering the durability factor).Verk What Is This Skítur : Viking Authenticity in Ys X: Nordics as a Japanese Role-Playing Game(2026) Panaro, Luca Arruns; Bjarnason, Nökkvi Jarl; Faculty of Icelandic and Comparative Cultural StudiesThis article explores how viking authenticity is filtered through the media ecology of Japan by employing Ys X: Nordics (Nihon Falcom 2023) as a case study. It examines how the game constructs and engages with historical imaginaries while simultaneously being shaped by conventions and sensibilities of Japanese game development and its broader media landscape. To address this, the discussion situates Ys X within the broader history of viking representation in video games, showing how the figure of the “digital viking” has been recontextualized to meet diverse cultural and commercial demands. Particular attention is then paid to how the national and production context of Ys X inform its representations, with the game blending viking motifs with the visual, narrative, and thematic conventions of anime, manga, and Japanese role-playing games. Through close analysis, the article identifies moments of what can be termed authentic recontextualization, while also being mindful of numerous decontextualized or ornamental uses of viking imagery, names, and mythological figures. These strategies produce a selectively authentic, viking-inflected world that resonates with audience expectations while eschewing historical authenticity. Moreover, the game’s tonal orientation diverges from the “gritty” medievalism common in contemporary Western media, favoring instead the colorful optimism and narrative ethos of mainstream manga and anime, with its emphasis on friendship, perseverance, and collective victory. Ultimately, the article argues that Ys X exemplifies how Japanese popular media reworks transnational historical motifs, embedding them within its own aesthetic and narrative logics. In doing so, it highlights the culturally contingent nature of authenticity in historical games, showing that viking imagery in Japanese contexts functions less as a claim to historical accuracy than as an adaptive, stylistic device within a global media landscape.Verk Ribbed moraines formed during deglaciation of the Icelandic Ice Sheet : implications for ice-stream dynamics(2025) Aradóttir, Nína; Benediktsson, Ívar Örn; Helgadóttir, Erla Guðný; Ingólfsson, Ólafur; Brynjólfsson, Skafti; Farnsworth, Wesley R.; Faculty of Earth Sciences; Engineering and Natural SciencesInvestigations of the geomorphological fingerprints of palaeo-ice streams are essential for enhancing our understanding of ice-stream behaviour. Cross-cutting flowsets of palaeo-ice streams, during and following the Last Glacial Maximum, have been suggested in northeast Iceland based on the mapping of streamlined subglacial bedforms (SSBs). To increase our understanding of the dynamics of the Icelandic Ice Sheet (IIS) during deglaciation, we investigate transverse ridges, together with glacifluvial and ice-marginal landforms, within the largest flowset. The main emphasis is on the transverse ridges, which are primarily interpreted as ribbed moraines – the first to be described in Iceland. Morphological data are combined with sedimentological analyses of the ribbed moraines. Our results show that the ribbed moraines are composed of pre-existing material, often exhibiting a base of stratified glacifluvial sediments draped with subglacial till. Deformation and thrust structures within both units suggest compressional flow during the formation of the ridges. Our results suggest the ribbed moraines develop due to velocity gradients under the lateral shear margin of an ice stream based on their distribution and often oblique orientation in relation to SSBs. The ribbed moraines superimpose and thus post-date the SSBs, signifying the waning stage of ice streaming. We suggest that the ridges formed during ice-stream shutdown following the Younger Dryas and/or Preboreal re-advances. Eskers and ice-marginal landforms imply channelized water drainage during the final deglaciation interrupted by short-lived re-advances. This study has implications for the style of deglaciation associated with ice streaming in the northeastern part of the IIS. We characterize the role of ribbed moraines within the ice sheet and identify directions for future work.Verk Grýla in Sléttuhlíð(2013) Parsons, Katelin Marit; Faculty of Icelandic and Comparative Cultural StudiesGrýlukvæði frá Sléttuhlíð í Skagafirði er varðveitt í tveimur handritum frá síðara hluta 17. aldar auk fjölda yngri handrita. Í útgáfu Ólafs Davíðssonar frá árinu 1903 er kvæðið eignað séra Guðmundi Erlendssyni frá Felli í Sléttuhlíð (um 1595–1670). Þessi útgáfa gefur þó óljósa mynd af varðveislu kvæðisins og styðst lítið við elsta handritið, AM 147 8vo, sem Ólafur kallar „brot.“ Í handritinu reynist uppskriftin vera heil en hún inniheldur gerð kvæðisins sem er með öðru sniði en finnst í yngri handritum. AM 147 8vo liggur til grundvallar nýrri útgáfu af þessu grýlukvæði sem birtist í greininni. Færð eru rök fyrir því að kvæðið sé það sama og grýlukvæði eignað Ásgrími Magnússyni (d. 1679) sem Jón Samsonarson taldi vera týnt. Grýlukvæðið mun hafa verið ort um 1640 en ómögulegt er að fullyrða um höfund kvæðisins, enda var Ásgrímur mágur Guðmundar og bjó í næsta nágrenni í Höfða á Höfðaströnd. Kvæðið er vísbending um náin tengsl milli Guðmundar og Ásgríms og undirstrikar mikilvægi fjölskyldusambanda í íslensku bókmenntalífi 17. aldar.Verk Spacetime from Operator Algebras(2026-06-09) Mohan, Vyshnav; Thorlacius, Larus; RaunvísindadeildUnder suitable assumptions, geometric objects such as the spacetime metric and curvature tensor can be reconstructed from the algebra of operators of quantized matter fields in the limit of vanishing Newton's constant. In this framework, the full non-linear Einstein equations can be expressed in the language of operator algebras, extending Jacobson's derivation without invoking the area law for Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. These assumptions can then be used as a criterion for determining whether the semiclassical limit of a given quantum theory admits an emergent gravitational description. Going in the other direction, the discrete spectrum of a holographic theory at finite N can be modelled by adding non-perturbative corrections to semiclassical operator algebras. The type III von Neumann algebra that arises in the vanishing Newton's constant limit can be enlarged by adjoining its modular Hamiltonian. A random matrix theory completion of this enlarged algebra, followed by ensemble averaging, results in a type I von Neumann algebra whose minimal projectors approximate those of the underlying microstates. In the case of an eternal black hole, the dimension of the type I algebra equals the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy with universal logarithmic corrections. The complexity of probe operators in the boundary theory provides a diagnostic of the validity of the corresponding bulk semiclassical effective field theory.Verk Réttindi og þátttaka barna : Samstarfsverkefni í leikskólum, á yngsta stigi grunnskóla og á frístundaheimilum Hafnarfjarðarbæjar(RannUng, 2026-06-09) Hreinsdóttir, Anna Magnea; Björnsdóttir, Margrét Sigríður; Ólafsdóttir, Sara Margrét; Deild kennslu- og menntunarfræðiSkýrslan fjallar um samstarfsverkefnið Réttindi og þátttaka barna sem RannUng og Mennta- og lýðheilsusvið Hafnarfjarðarbæjar unnu með leikskólum, yngsta stigi grunnskóla og frístundaheimilum á árunum 2023–2026. Markmið verkefnisins var að innleiða Barnasáttmála Sameinuðu þjóðanna markvisst í daglegt starf, efla þekkingu starfsfólks, barna og foreldra á réttindum barna og skapa aðstæður þar sem börn geta haft raunveruleg áhrif á eigið skóla- og frístundalíf. Verkefnið byggði á starfendarannsóknum, fræðslu, sameiginlegum fundum, rýnihópaviðtölum og þróun verkefna á hverri starfsstöð, meðal annars um lýðræði í hópastarfi, áhugasviðsval, bókasafn, matartíma og valkerfi í frístund. Niðurstöður sýna að þekking starfsfólks á réttindum barna jókst og varð víða samofin daglegum starfsháttum. Viðhorf til barna þróuðust frá því að líta á þau sem þátttakendur innan fyrirfram ákveðins ramma yfir í að viðurkenna þau sem virka gerendur með eigin sjónarmið og áhrif. Dæmin sýna að þátttaka verður merkingarbær þegar hugmyndir barna eru teknar áfram og leiða til sýnilegra breytinga. Helstu áskoranir tengdust tíma, mannafla, forföllum, ólíkum þörfum barna og togstreitu milli verndar og sjálfræðis. Verkefnið sýnir að innleiðing Barnasáttmálans krefst ígrundunar, skýrrar ábyrgðar, stuðnings stjórnenda og þess að réttindi barna verði hluti af starfsmenningu en ekki viðbótarverkefni. Það veitir jafnframt öðrum starfsstöðvum gagnlegan vegvísi til sambærilegrar þróunar og innleiðingar.Verk Unravelling ATTR Cardiac Amyloidosis in Iceland : A Nationwide Epidemiological Study(2025) Bergmann, Hekla María; Úlfarsson, Ævar Örn; Einarsson, Hafsteinn; Jóhannsdóttir, Helena Xiang; Gunnarsson, Gunnar Thór; Hrafnkelsdóttir, Þórdís Jóna; Andersen, Karl Konráð; Ingimarsdóttir, Inga Jóna; Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science; Faculty of MedicineIntroduction: Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) arises from the deposition of misfolded amyloid proteins in the heart's extracellular matrix, leading to significant cardiac disease. Recent data suggest that CA is under-recognised, and advances in treatment have increased focus on this condition with the intention of implementing treatment earlier to improve prognosis. There is limited knowledge regarding the prevalence of transthyretin CA (ATTR-CA) on a national level, particularly in Iceland. Therefore, this study represents the first nationwide effort to evaluate the baseline characteristics, diagnostics, and treatment of ATTR-CA in Iceland. Methods: A retrospective study of all patients diagnosed with ATTR-CA in Iceland from 6 May 2013 to 11 March 2024 was identified in the Icelandic Cardiac Amyloid Registry (ICE-CAR) created in 2023 by heart failure (HF) specialists at Landspitali University Hospital in Reykjavik, Iceland. Diagnosis was based on different combinations of transthoracic echocardiography, an elevated Perugini score on bone scintigraphy and heart biopsies, as well measurements of free light chains, M-component measurements in blood and urine. Patients were grouped according to the National Amyloidosis Centre (NAC) prognostic staging system for ATTR-CA. Results: In total, 65 patients with ATTR-CA were identified (males n = 60, females n = 5, median age 81.4 years [IQR 75.5-85.5 years]), all wild-type and no mutant variant. Diagnosis was made with myocardial biopsy in 7 cases. Upon diagnosis, 83% of the patients had an interventricular septum thickness of ≥15 mm and 92% showed a posterior wall thickness of ≥12 mm. Approximately 57% of patients belonged to New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I-II. The HF phenotypes according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were distributed as follows: reduced (HFrEF) n = 24 (37%), mildly reduced (HFmrEF) n = 9 (14%), preserved (HFpEF) n = 29 (44.5%), and unknown LVEF n = 3 (4.5%). A total of 54 patients had reported NAC stage: stage I 23 (35.4%), stage II 20 (30.8%), stage III 11 (16.9%). Around 32% received disease-modifying treatment. Conclusion: Despite the low NYHA class observed in the study population, our findings in Iceland's nationwide assessment of ATTR-CA indicate more advanced age and lower LVEF at diagnosis compared to other studies. This highlights the critical need for early detection and appropriate therapeutic interventions in managing ATTR-CA.Verk Þemahefti um námsmat í leikskólum(Menntamálaráðuneytið, 2013-12-20) Hreinsdóttir, Anna Magnea; Deild kennslu- og menntunarfræðiMat á námi og velferð barna er mikilvægur þáttur í leikskólastarfi. Í aðalnámskrá leikskóla 2011 var sú stefna mörkuð að námsmat eigi að taka mið af áhuga barna, getu þeirra og hæfni. Mennta- og menningarmálaráðuneytið fékk Önnu Magneu Hreinsdóttur leikskólafulltrúa í Garðabæ til taka saman þemahefti um námsmat í leikskólum, sem ætlað er að styðja kennara og starfsfólk leikskóla við innleiðingu nýrrar aðalnámskrár um mat á námi barna. Rétt er að undirstrika að samkvæmt aðalnámskrá leikskóla er leikur ein helsta námsleið barna og fléttast grunnþættir menntunar og námssvið leikskólans inn í leik þegar starfsfólk tengir á markvissan hátt markmiðin við leik barnanna. Umhverfið er jafnframt mikilvægur áhrifaþáttur í námi barna sem hafa ber í huga þegar nám þeirra og velferð er metin. Fjallað er um hugmyndafræði námsmats og tengsl þess við skipulag námsumhverfis og stuðning leikskólakennara við leik og nám barnanna. Gerð er grein fyrir hvernig ólíkar námshneigðir barna byggja á þekkingarleit þeirra, leikni og siðferðislegum viðhorfum. Einnig er gerð grein fyrir markmiðum leikskólastarfs og hvernig þau tengjast lykilhæfni og hæfniviðmiðum aðalnámskrá leikskóla. Gefin eru dæmi um fjölbreyttar aðferðir í mati án fyrirfram gefna hugmynda og viðmiða og rætt um einstaklingsnámskrár, próf og önnur mælitæki. Rætt er um upplýsingar sem fylgja börnum úr leikskóla í grunnskóla sem eru til þess fallnar að koma í veg fyrir endurtekningu í námi. Að lokum er minnt á mikilvægi þess að í leikskólum skapist menning lærdómssamfélags þar sem kennarar og annað starfsfólk lærir með börnum og fjölskyldum þeirra. Því ætti efni þetta að nýtast sem grunnur í samræðum kennara um nám, kennslu og námsmat og við þróunarvinnu leikskóla í að efla einstaklingsmiðað mat.Verk Tölvísi - A 19th Century Icelandic Textbook in Advanced Arithmetic and Algebra(Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2025-12-11) Bjarnadóttir, Kristín; Pepin, Birgit; Kohanová, Iveta; EducationIn 1865, Björn Gunnlaugsson—recently retired after forty years of teaching at Iceland’s sole Latin school—published Tölvísi (“Number Wisdom”), the first Icelandic textbook on advanced arithmetic and algebra. The work closely resembles Danish textbooks by L. Fallesen (1834) and Christian Ramus (1855). It distinguishes itself through a more eloquent style and a particular emphasis on divisibility and the precision of approximations, reflecting Gunnlaugsson’s major scholarly achievement, a geodetic survey that produced the first reliable map of Iceland. Only half of the manuscript was ever printed, and it omitted practical subjects such as ratios, proportions, and interest calculations. The book was never adopted for classroom use. This paper examines the purpose of Tölvísi within its contemporary Icelandic culture.Verk Work–family conflict : A classed phenomenon?(2026-02) Ragnarsdóttir, Berglind Hólm; Bjarnadóttir, Valgerður S.; Hjálmsdóttir, Andrea; Víkingsdóttir, Anna Soffía; Faculty of Education and Diversity; Faculty of Sociology, Anthropology and FolkloristicsPrior research has found that high levels of work–family conflict negatively impact women's well-being. However, variations in the effects of work–family conflict on women based on class have been understudied. Moreover, most estimates of work–family conflict did not distinguish between work-to-family and family-to-work conflict. This study uses data from a cross-sectional phone survey of Icelandic women to assess the association between work–family conflict (in both directions) and symptoms of depression and anxiety among women of differing class positions. Key findings showed that (a) work-to-family and family-to-work conflict were positively related to symptoms of anxiety and depression among all women, but these relationships were contingent on class; (b) working-class women are more likely to experience symptoms of depression and anxiety due to work-to-family conflict than women of higher social strata; and (c) working-class women are more likely to experience symptoms of depression due to family-to-work conflict than women of higher social strata. The results demonstrate the need for further research on how women's ability to reconcile work and family varies by class and how public policy can account for such differences.Verk Beginning at the End : Seven Reflections on Artistic Practice(Listaháskóli Íslands, 2022) Rawlings, Angela Marie Snæfellsjökuls; Ólafsdóttir, Anna Margrét; Hólmarsdóttir, Gunnella; Arnalds, Helga; Kukkonen, Kaisa; Piirimees, Mart; Frostadóttir, Sóley; Rúnarsdóttir, Valgerður; University of Iceland Research Centre in ÞingeyjarsveitVerk Standardised and hierarchically classified heart failure and complementary disease monitoring outcome measures : european Unified Registries for heart Care evaluation and randomised trials (EuroHeart)(2025) Bhatty, Asad; Wilkinson, Chris; Batra, Gorav; Aktaa, Suleman; Smith, Adam B; Wahab, Ali; Chappell, Sam; Alfredsson, Joakim; Erlinge, David; Ferreira, Jorge; Guðmundsdóttir, Ingibjörg Jóna; Hrafnkelsdóttir, Þórdís Jóna; Ingimarsdóttir, Inga Jóna; Irs, Alar; Jánosi, András; Járai, Zoltán; Oliveira-Santos, Manuel; Popescu, Bogdan A; Vasko, Peter; Vinereanu, Dragos; Yap, Jonathan; Bugiardini, Raffaele; Cenko, Edina; Nadarajah, Ramesh; Sydes, Matthew R; James, Stefan; Maggioni, Aldo P; Wallentin, Lars; Casadei, Barbara; Gale, Chris P; Faculty of MedicineAIMS: The lack of standardised definitions for heart failure outcome measures limits the ability to reliably assess effectiveness of heart failure therapies. The European Unified Registries for Heart Care Evaluation and Randomised Trials (EuroHeart) aimed to produce a catalogue of internationally endorsed data definitions for heart failure outcome measures. METHODS: Following the EuroHeart methods for the development of cardiovascular data standards, a working group was formed of representatives from the European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Association and other leading heart failure experts. A systematic review of observational and randomised clinical trials identified current outcome measures, which was supplemented by clinical practice guidelines and existing registries for contemporary definitions. A modified Delphi process was employed to gain consensus for variable inclusion and whether collection should be mandatory (Level 1) or optional (Level 2) within EuroHeart. In addition, a set of complementary outcome measures were identified by the Working Group as of scientific and clinical importance for longitudinal monitoring for people with heart failure. RESULTS: Five Level 1 and two Level 2 outcome measures were selected and defined, alongside five complementary monitoring outcomes for patients with heart failure. CONCLUSION: We present a structured, hierarchical catalogue of internationally endorsed heart failure outcome measures. This will facilitate quality improvement, high quality observational research, registry-based trials, and post market surveillance of medical devices.Verk Samstarfsverkefni Vinnueftirlitsins, Sambands íslenskra sveitarfélaga og Kennarasambands Íslands um vinnustaðamenningu í skólum 2023-2025(Vinnueftirlitið, 2025-12-15) Gunnarsdóttir, Sigrún; Hreinsdóttir, Anna Magnea; Friðriksdóttir, Jóna Björt; Deild kennslu- og menntunarfræði; ViðskiptafræðideildVerk Samsköpun og árangursrík innleiðing menntatækni í grunnskólum(2025-10-03) Kjartansdóttir, Skúlína Hlíf; Ottósson, Hannes; Deild kennslu- og menntunarfræði; Deild faggreinakennsluÞessi rannsókn fjallar um áskoranir og tækifæri tengd menntatækni í íslenskum grunnskólum. Sérstök áhersla er lögð á samskipti og samstarf, bæði innan og utan skólans. Notkun menntatækni er lykilþáttur í að mæta auknum kröfum um fjölbreytta kennsluhætti og einstaklingsmiðað nám, veita kennurum upplýsingar um námsgengi, auk þess að styðja við hæfni nemenda í stafrænum heimi. Áskoranir snúa einkum að takmarkaðri tæknifærni kennara, ónógum stuðningi skólayfirvalda og skorti á skýrum samskiptaleiðum milli hagaðila. Fræðilegar undirstöður byggja á kenningum um samsköpun (e. co-creation), samþættingu tækninýjunga í skólastarfi og félagsmenningarlegu sjónarhorni á nám. Tekin voru rýnihópaviðtöl við fulltrúa kennara, sveitarfélaga, menntatæknifyrirtækja og stjórnvalda. Gögnin voru greind með þemagreiningu sem dró fram fimm megin viðfangsefni úr öllum viðtölunum: Mikilvægi faglegs mats og gagnreyndar nálgunar, samráðs og þátttöku, áskoranir tengdar persónuvernd og stefnumörkun, stuðning við kennara og sveigjanlega þróun, miðaða við skilyrði á vettvangi. Niðurstöðurnar benda til þess að árangursrík innleiðing menntatækni byggi á virkri þátttöku allra hagaðila, reglubundnu samtali og gagnkvæmum skilningi á þörfum og væntingum. Lagt er til að frekari rannsóknir verði gerðar á langtímaáhrifum samsköpunar á nám og kennslu. Fræðilegt framlag bætir við kenningar í kennslufræði, með því að skýra frekar hugmyndafræðilega þætti samsköpunar í menntatækni. Hagnýtu niðurstöðurnar eru lagðar fram sem tillögur að árangursríkri innleiðingu menntatækni í grunnskólum.Verk Characterising the resilient behaviour of unsaturated sandy soils under suction-controlled tests(2026) Everton, José H.C.; Erlingsson, Sigurdur; Faculty of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThis study investigates the influence of moisture and suction on the resilient modulus (MR) of subgrade soils. The research employs suction-controlled Repeated Load Triaxial (RLT) tests on three sandy materials with varying fines content. The soil water retention curves (SWRC) for the three materials were obtained and allowed expediting suction equilibrium outside the triaxial chamber by controlling the water loss and thus inferring the yielded suction with the SWRC parameters. The results show that MR increases with lower moisture content and higher suction. Two stress-based models and two moisture-based models are evaluated for predicting MR. The findings indicate that stress-suction models provide a good fit for the silty sands, but only the model where suction is an independent variable suits all tested materials. Additionally, a proposed suction-based model demonstrates promising results. Overall, the study highlights the importance of considering both moisture and suction for accurate MR characterisation of subgrade soils.Verk Childbirth Experience, Mistreatment, and Migrant Status : A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study(2025-12) Mangindin, Edythe Laquindanum; Gottfreðsdóttir, Helga; Stoll, Kathrin; Cadée, Franka; Lárusdóttir, Elín Inga; Swift, Emma Marie; Faculty of Nursing and MidwiferyIntroduction: Childbirth experience can affect women's long-term health and well-being. However, there is limited knowledge on whether migrant status affects woman's experience during childbirth. We aimed to answer the following research questions: (1) Is there a difference in childbirth experience between migrant and native-born women in Iceland; and (2) Are migrant women more likely to experience mistreatment in childbirth compared to native-born women in Iceland?. Methods: An online survey was developed including the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire 2 to assess overall childbirth experience, and descriptive analysis and linear regression were conducted to determine differences between migrant and native-born women in Iceland. The mistreatment by care providers in childbirth indicators were used to evaluate mistreatment in childbirth, and frequencies and logistic regression were conducted. Both regression models were adjusted for sociodemographic and obstetric factors. Results: A total of 1365 women participated. Migrant women reported statistically significantly lower scores for birth experience compared to native-born women (F [12, 1352] = 23.97, p < 0.001). There was no statistical difference between groups regarding mistreatment in childbirth. One in four of all women reported at least one form of mistreatment. Conclusion: This study suggests that there are areas in maternity care that can be improved upon, particularly in providing care for migrant women and addressing mistreatment in childbirth for all. Our results suggest further research in this area as well as evaluation of maternity systems, training in cultural competency and effective communication.Verk Prophylactic Aspirin Dose and Preeclampsia(2025) Kupka, Ellen; Hesselman, Susanne; Gunnarsdóttir, Jóhanna; Wikström, Anna Karin; Cluver, Catherine; Tong, Stephen; Hastie, Roxanne; Bergman, Lina; Faculty of MedicineImportance: It is unclear whether a higher dose (150-160 mg) or a lower dose (75 mg) of aspirin should be used to prevent preeclampsia. Objectives: To compare the risk of preeclampsia and bleeding complications between women using 150 to 160 mg of aspirin and those using 75 mg of aspirin for preeclampsia prevention. Design, Setting, and Participants: This nationwide cohort study included 13828 women giving birth at 22 weeks' gestation or later in Sweden between January 2017 and December 2020 who used low dose aspirin (75-160 mg) during pregnancy. Data were analyzed from October to November 2023. Exposure: The use of 150 to 160 mg or 75 mg of aspirin in pregnancy. Main Outcome and Measures: The main outcome was a preeclampsia diagnosis recorded in the maternal birth record at the time of hospital discharge. The main safety outcome was postpartum hemorrhage, defined as bleeding more than 1000 mL after delivery. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using a doubly robust inverse probability-weighted regression adjustment model controlling for background characteristics. Results: In the total cohort of 13828 women, the mean (SD) age was 33.0 (5.5) years and 3003 women (21.7%) were nulliparous. Of the women, 4687 (33.9%) were prescribed 150 to 160 mg of aspirin, and 9141 (66.1%) were prescribed 75 mg of aspirin. A total of 10635 women (76.9%) had at least 2 dispensed prescriptions of low-dose aspirin. Among women using 150 to 160 mg of aspirin, 443 (9.5%) developed preeclampsia compared with 812 (8.9%) of those using 75 mg of aspirin (adjusted RR [aRR], 1.07; 95% CI, 0.93-1.24). Additionally, the risk of postpartum hemorrhage between the groups was similar, with 326 women (6.9%) using 150 to 160 mg of aspirin experiencing a postpartum hemorrhage compared with 581 (6.4%) in the 75-mg group (aRR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.90-1.30). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study of 13828 women, no difference was found in preeclampsia incidence or bleeding complications between those using 150 to 160 mg of aspirin vs 75 mg of aspirin during pregnancy for preeclampsia prevention. These findings suggest that either dose may be a reasonable choice when using aspirin to prevent preeclampsia. However, large randomized trials investigating aspirin dose in pregnancy are still needed.Verk Access to kidney transplantation and re-Transplantation from childhood to adulthood : Long-Term data from the ERA Registry(2025-08-01) Preka, Evgenia; Bonthuis, Marjolein; Marks, Stephen D; Kramer, Anneke; de Vries, Aiko P J; Sørensen, Søren S; Bakkaloğlu, Sevcan A; Bistrup, Claus; Jahnukainen, Timo; Arévalo, Olga L Rodriguez; Buchwinkler, Lukas; Segelmark, Mårten; Sanchez, J Emilio; Arnol, Miha; Ordóñez-Álvarez, Flor A; de la Cerda-Ojeda, Francisco; Plumb, Lucy A; Methven, Shona; Pálsson, Runólfur; Lundgren, Torbjörn; Ríos, Héctor; Ortiz, Alberto; Stel, Vianda S; Harambat, Jerome; Jager, Kitty J; Faculty of MedicineBACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Knowledge regarding access to first kidney transplantation (KT) and subsequent KT in patients commencing kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in childhood is limited. METHODS: Using European Renal Association (ERA) Registry data, we investigated European patients who started KRT below 20 years of age between 1978 and 2019. Access and determinants to first, second and third KT were assessed using multivariable Cox regression. RESULTS: 12 623, 4077, and 1186 patients were included while awaiting first, second and third KT, at median ages of 13.8 (IQR: 7.5-17.4), 20.9 (IQR: 16.5-26.1) and 26.6 (IQR: 20.3-32.8) years, respectively. During the study period, overall access was 87.8%, 72.7% and 60.5% for first, second and third KT, respectively, and median time to each KT was 0.9 (IQR: 0.2-2.1), 1.9 (0.6-4.5) and 2.6 (IQR: 1.0-5.3) years. Younger age at KRT initiation (aHR 0-4 vs. 10-14 years: 0.54; 95%CI: 0.51-0.57) and female sex (HR: 0.94; 95%CI: 0.90-0.98) were associated with lower access to first KT. KT candidates between 15-19 years had lower access to first and second KT (aHR: 0.69; 95%CI: 0.66-0.73, and aHR: 0.70; 95%CI: 0.61-0.81) compared to 10-14 year-olds. Compared to CAKUT, glomerulonephritis patients had lower access to KT (aHR: 0.75; 95%CI: 0.71-0.80 for first, aHR: 0.89; 95%CI: 0.81-0.98 for second and aHR: 0.80; 95%CI: 0.66-0.97 for third KT). Similarly, patients with primary renal diseases with high risk of recurrence, had lower chances of receiving a first and second KT (aHR: 0.80; 95%CI: 0.76-0.85 for first, aHR: 0.86; 95%CI: 0.78-0.95 for second KT). Access to re-transplantation was also higher with prior pre-emptive KT and previous graft survival exceeding five years. CONCLUSION: Our study highlights KT access disparities particularly for females, the youngest recipients, high-risk age (15-19 years), and diseases with recurrence risk. Notably, pre-emptive transplants and enduring previous grafts offer advantages regarding re-transplantation.Verk AI in Academia: Student Voices and the Quest for Authenticity in a Changing Educational Landscape(2025-11-27) Jóhannesdóttir, Sigurbjörg; Schram, Ásta Bryndís; Faculty of Sociology, Anthropology and Folkloristics; Health SciencesEftir því sem gervigreind (AI) er í auknum mæli samþætt háskólamenntun, verður sífellt mikilvægara að skilja hvernig nemendur upplifa þessi verkfæri og nota þau. Þessi forrannsókn skoðar reynslu meistaranema af notkun gervigreindar í námsverkefnum við háskóla á Íslandi, með það að markmiði að styðja við gerð spurningalista fyrir alla nemendur skólans. Tólf nemendur tóku þátt í forprófun könnunarinnar, sem innihélt bæði fullyrðingar metnar á Likert-kvarða og eigindlegar spurningar. Nemendur lýstu notkun sinni á gervigreindartólum við verkefni á borð við hugmyndavinnu, samantektir og uppsetningu ritgerða. Flestir lýstu jákvæðri afstöðu og nefndu kosti eins og tímasparnað, aukna sköpunargleði og stuðning við gagnrýna hugsun. Hins vegar komu einnig fram siðferðilegar áhyggjur, meðal annars um áreiðanleika upplýsinga frá gervigreindarverkfærum, áhættu fyrir persónuvernd og samfélagsleg áhrif hraðrar þróunar gervigreindar. Ábendingar nemenda nýttust beint við endurbætur á spurningalista til að tryggja skýrleika og tengingu við raunverulega reynslu. Auk þess voru gervigreindarverkfæri notuð við þróun og yfirferð spurningalistans, sem sýnir tvíþætt hlutverk þeirra í þátttökumiðaðri, aðlögunarhæfri rannsóknarhönnun. Rannsóknin undirstrikar mikilvægi þess að menntanýjungar byggi á sjónarmiðum nemenda, þannig að gervigreind styðji við en leysi ekki af hólmi ekta námsupplifun. Hún kallar á skýrar leiðbeiningar og opna umræðu um hlutverk gervigreindar í síbreytilegu fræðilegu samhengi.