Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Nýlega bætt við
Enumerating score sequences and permutations by inversions and forbidden patterns
(University of Iceland, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Physical Sciences, 2026) Franklín, Atli Fannar; Anders Karl Claesson; Faculty of Physical Sciences (UI); Raunvísindadeild (HÍ); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI); Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ)
This thesis studies the enumeration of score sequences and permutations. The first paper settles a conjecture of Hanna on a recursion for the number of score sequences of a tournament, derives a closed formula, and gives a quadratic-time algorithm. The second presents generating functions for permutations with few inversions: those with as many inversions as elements, and those with a fixed number of inversions fewer than elements. The third continues on the theme of inversions, enumerating pattern-avoiding permutations by inversions for all patterns of length at most 3. The fourth and last paper explores how to obtain bounds on the number of 1324-avoiding permutations by encoding permutations as walks in a directed graph.
Novel Hybrid Quantum-Classical Computing Algorithms Enhancing Satellite Remote Sensing Applications for Earth Observation
(University of Iceland, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, 2026-04) Delilbasic, Amer; Prof. Dr. Morris Riedel; Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science (UI); Iðnaðarverkfræði-, vélaverkfræði- og tölvunarfræðideild (HÍ); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI); Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ)
Earth observation (EO) is increasingly driven by large-scale remote sensing (RS) data, acquired from satellite and airborne platforms across diverse temporal and spatial resolutions. These datasets are characterized not only by volume, but by complex properties such as multi-source heterogeneity, high dimensionality, nonlinear feature distributions, and spatio-temporal variability. Processing such data at operational scale introduces significant algorithmic and computational challenges, particularly in high resolution environmental monitoring and planetary-scale inference tasks.
Quantum computing (QC) offers a computational paradigm fundamentally different from classical computing, leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to perform operations in high-dimensional state spaces. This theoretical advantage makes QC a compelling candidate for selected EO tasks, especially those involving combinatorial optimization and learning tasks. However, the limited qubit fidelity and scale of current quantum hardware constrain their direct applicability to operational applications in Earth observation.
This PhD thesis investigates the application of annealing-based and circuit-based quantum algorithms to EO, as well as the integration of quantum algorithms with classical devices, such as those in high-performance computing (HPC) environments. It examines acquisition scheduling and data classification tasks within EO workflows. Experiments assess practical algorithmic benefits, computational scalability, and constraints imposed by hybrid quantum-classical execution. Results demonstrate that quantum modules, when carefully embedded into HPC architectures, can enhance selected stages of EO pipelines, specifically using quantum machine learning and quantum optimization approaches.
Evaluation of Ulva lactuca hydrolysates as a feedstock for clostridial fermentations to produce 1,2-propanediol
(2026-03-27) Ingvadóttir, Eva María; Scully, Sean Michael; Örlygsson, Jóhann; Faculty of Natural Resource Sciences
Macroalgae are an abundant and underutilized renewable feedstock that can be exploited for the production of various low- and high-value biomolecules. The study herein describes a mild acid and base process to hydrolyze the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca into simpler, fermentable carbohydrates, with an emphasis on rhamnose. Hydrolysis experiments involving up to 5% v/v sulfuric acid and 5% w/v sodium hydroxide at temperatures between 25 and 100 °C demonstrated that the highest recovery of fermentable carbohydrates was generally obtained using 2.5% v/v sulfuric acid at 75 °C. Two Clostridium species ( Clostridium strain AK1 isolated from SW Iceland, and Clostridium beijerinckii strain DSM 791) were used to ferment L-rhamnose to 1,2-propanediol, both as a single substrate and as part of macroalgal hydrolysates. Additionally, the impact of culture conditions (pH and initial substrate concentration) on rhamnose fermentation was investigated in batch culture for both strains. Generally, pH did not influence the production of 1,2-propanediol and both strains partially degraded rhamnose at very low (10 mM) initial substrate concentrations. A kinetic investigation of rhamnose utilization using strain AK1 showed that the pentose is degraded much slower as compared with glucose with 1,2-propanediol production lagging and reaching a maximum concentration of 7.7 mM. When Clostridium strain AK1 was cultivated on U. lactuca hydrolysates and non-pretreated U. lactuca , the maximum yields were 7.9 mM 1,2-propanediol. This is the first report of the production of 1,2-propanediol from macroalgal biomass using a moderately thermophilic Clostridia.
Réttur til réttargæslumanns : Þjóna skilyrðin vilja löggjafans?
(2024-03) Antonsdóttir, Júlí Ósk; Lagadeild
Victims' rights are in the spotlight these days. This article deals with victims of crime and their right to have a designated or appointed legal aid to protect their interests during the handling of a case concerning a crime against them. It will discuss the conditions set by law for the nomination and appointment of a legal aid and how the courts have interpreted the conditions in case law and why it is necessary to change the conditions to better ensure the interests of victims of crime and especially victims of domestic violence.
Decarbonising Road Freight Transport in Iceland : A Feasibility Assessment Under Harsh Climate Conditions in Remote Regions
(2025-02) Villar, Albert Alonso; Stefánsson, Hlynur; Ásgeirsson, Eyjólfur Ingi; Kristjánsson, Ragnar; Department of Engineering
Background: The decarbonisation of road freight transport is a multifaceted challenge, which involves technical, economic, social, and infrastructural considerations. Heavy-Duty Vehicles (HDVs), responsible for 40% of the emission in the transport sector, operate across diverse and demanding applications and are heavily reliant on fossil diesel, making their decarbonisation complex. While existing literature has largely focused on addressing a specific aspect of the HDV transition, such as greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) analysis, technical assessments of a limited range of powertrains and configurations, or isolated evaluations of infrastructure requirements, these studies often overlook the well-to-wheel nature of the decarbonisation challenge. In Iceland, the complexity of this challenge is further expanded by the harsh climate conditions, sparse population, and ageing infrastructure. While Iceland’s abundant renewable energy presents an opportunity to transition away from fossil fuels in the freight sector, the transition demands a comprehensive understanding of the technical feasibility and infrastructure requirements. Aim: This thesis begins with a comprehensive evaluation of alternative fuel powertrains to identify the most favourable solution to decarbonise road freight transport in Iceland. Based on this initial assessment, the thesis focuses on Battery-Electric Trucks (BETs) as the most promising solution to achieve the decarbonisation goals, conducting a detailed assessment of the feasibility and implications of HDV electrification in Iceland. This research addresses the unique challenges posed by Iceland’s Arctic-like climate and remoteness, seeking to bridge the existing gaps by integrating multiple dimensions of the transition using real-life data, including detailed vehicle energy performance assessments under adverse conditions, optimal charging network design, and impact of charging loads on the power grid. Overall, the main goal of this thesis is to answer the question “Are BETs a feasible option to decarbonise the road freight transport sector in Iceland?”. Method: To achieve our goal, this thesis first evaluates the technical, environmental, and economic feasibility of multiple powertrain options in Iceland, including BET, hydrogen fuel cell (FCV), and other alternative fuels. This analysis is carried out using AFLEET and GREET databases to assess the HDV life cycle emissions and total cost of ownership (TCO), as well as considering factors like energy security and local fuel production capacity. Subsequent studies focus specifically on battery-electric powertrains, assessing their performance using detailed vehicle energy consumption models (FASTSim) to account for adverse climate and freight conditions. Additionally, a novel methodology for planning fast-charging infrastructure is proposed, which incorporates a non-linear charging optimisation framework to determine the magnitude of charging loads from battery-electric trucks and locate power demand points from fast-charging stations along Iceland’s main freight routes. Finally, PyPSA is used to conduct power flow simulations to evaluate the effects of charging loads from battery-electric trucks on the national grid and identify potential bottlenecks in the infrastructure. This integrative methodology provides a comprehensive understanding of the technical feasibility, infrastructure requirements, and systemic impacts of freight transport electrification. Results: The findings indicate that battery-electric trucks offer significant environmental and economic advantages, despite the limitations of current battery technology. Hydrogen and compressed natural gas are promising alternatives for regional trucks but are constrained by high life cycle costs and insufficient feedstock availability. The battery-electric truck performance analysis reveals a range reduction of 41–47% under challenging conditions, emphasising the necessity of on-route charging for full fleet electrification. The proposed charging infrastructure planning methodology highlights that larger batteries and higher charging rates can minimise routing delays, while power flow simulations indicate that the additional charging loads can cause localised grid bottlenecks, particularly in remote regions like the Westfjords. Conclusion: Overall, the outcomes of this thesis emphasise the feasibility of electrifying road freight transport in Iceland, although strategic planning will be required to mitigate grid constraints, especially in the Westfjords and other vulnerable areas. By integrating technical, economic, and environmental assessments, this thesis provides a holistic framework for guiding road freight electrification in Iceland and similar regions. The findings contribute to advancing sustainable freight transport while offering a scalable approach for other similar challenging contexts globally.
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
Veldu flokk til að skoða.
- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts