Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
Veldu flokk til að skoða.
- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- Reykjavík University
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts
Nýlega bætt við
Pain rehabilitation’s effect on people in chronic pain : A prospective cohort study
(2021-09-30) Skúladóttir, Hafdís; Björnsdóttir, Amalía; Holden, Janean E.; Gunnarsdóttir, Þóra Jenný; Halldórsdóttir, Sigríður; Sveinsdóttir, Herdís; Faculty of Health Promotion, Sports and Leisure Studies; Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery
Multidisciplinary long-term pain rehabilitation programs with a team of healthcare professionals are an integrated approach to treat patients with chronic non-malignant pain. In this longitudinal prospective cohort study, we investigated the long-term effects of multidisciplinary pain rehabilitation on the self-reported causes of pain, pain self-management strategies, sleep, pain severity, and pain’s interference with life, pre-and post-treatment. Eighty-one patients, aged 20–69 years, with chronic pain responded. The two most frequently reported perceived causes of pain were fibromyalgia and accidents. The difference in average self-reported pain severity decreased significantly at one-year follow-up (p < 0.001), as did pain’s interference with general activities, mood, walking ability, sleep, and enjoyment of life. At one-year follow-up, participants (21%) rated their health as good/very good and were more likely to state that it was better than a year before (20%). No change was found in the use of pain self-management strategies such as physical training at one-year follow-up. The intervention was effective for the participants, as reflected in the decreased pain severity and pain interference with life.
Argininosuccinate lyase is a metabolic vulnerability in breast development and cancer
(2021-09-17) Karvelsson, Sigurður Trausti; Wang, Qiong; Hilmarsdóttir, Bylgja; Sigurðsson, Arnar; Moestue, Siver Andreas; Mælandsmo, Gunhild Mari; Halldórsson, Skarphédinn; Guðmundsson, Steinn; Rolfsson, Óttar; Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is fundamental to both normal tissue development and cancer progression. We hypothesized that EMT plasticity defines a range of metabolic phenotypes and that individual breast epithelial metabolic phenotypes are likely to fall within this phenotypic landscape. To determine EMT metabolic phenotypes, the metabolism of EMT was described within genome-scale metabolic models (GSMMs) using either transcriptomic or proteomic data from the breast epithelial EMT cell culture model D492. The ability of the different data types to describe breast epithelial metabolism was assessed using constraint-based modeling which was subsequently verified using 13C isotope tracer analysis. The application of proteomic data to GSMMs provided relatively higher accuracy in flux predictions compared to the transcriptomic data. Furthermore, the proteomic GSMMs predicted altered cholesterol metabolism and increased dependency on argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) following EMT which were confirmed in vitro using drug assays and siRNA knockdown experiments. The successful verification of the proteomic GSMMs afforded iBreast2886, a breast GSMM that encompasses the metabolic plasticity of EMT as defined by the D492 EMT cell culture model. Analysis of breast tumor proteomic data using iBreast2886 identified vulnerabilities within arginine metabolism that allowed prognostic discrimination of breast cancer patients on a subtype-specific level. Taken together, we demonstrate that the metabolic reconstruction iBreast2886 formalizes the metabolism of breast epithelial cell development and can be utilized as a tool for the functional interpretation of high throughput clinical data.
Relationship between scoliosis, windswept hips and contractures with pain and asymmetries in sitting and supine in 2450 children with cerebral palsy
(2021-09-06) Casey, Jackie; Ágústsson, Atli; Rosenblad, Andreas; Rodby-Bousquet, Elisabet; Faculty of Medicine
Purpose: This cross-sectional study of 2450 children with cerebral palsy aimed to analyse the prevalence and association of scoliosis, windswept hips, hip and knee contractures. Methods: Logistic regression was used to estimate associations with pain, postural asymmetries, and ability to change position for children at Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I–V, aged 0–18 years. Results: Most children with a deformity or contracture had postural asymmetries in both sitting and supine positions; 10.5% had scoliosis, 8.7% windswept hips, 6.6% hip flexion and 19.2% knee contractures. Severe postural asymmetries increased the likelihood for scoliosis 9 times, for windswept hips 6 to 9 times, and for hip and knee flexion contractures 7 and 12 times respectively, adjusted for age, sex and GMFCS level. Hip flexion contractures and windswept hips increased the likelihood for pain by 1.5–1.6 times. Conclusion: The likelihood of having scoliosis, windswept hips and flexion contractures in the hips and knees increased if the child had postural asymmetries, and for increased age and higher GMFCS levels. Efforts should focus on preventing postural asymmetries from occurring or progressing, and on increasing the child’s ability to change position. Reducing postural asymmetries may also reduce the likelihood of pain.Implications for Rehabilitation The risk of having scoliosis, windswept hip deformity and flexion contractures in the hips and knees increased if the child had postural asymmetries in sitting or lying. Efforts should focus on preventing or reducing postural asymmetries, and on increasing the child’s ability to change position. Reducing postural asymmetries may also reduce the risk of pain.
Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (Edhf) mediates acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) vasodilation of pregnant rat mesenteric arteries
(2021-09-21) Helgadóttir, Helga; Tropea, Teresa; Gizurarson, Sveinbjörn; Mandalà, Maurizio; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) exhibits a broad range of activities, including analgesic, antipyretic, and antiplatelet properties. Recent clinical studies also recommend aspirin prophylaxis in women with a high risk of pre-eclampsia, a major complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension. We investigated the effect of aspirin on mesenteric resistance arteries and found out-discovered the molecular mechanism underlying this action. Aspirin (10−12–10−6 M) was tested on pregnant rat mesenteric resistance arteries by a pressurized arteriography. Aspirin was investigated in the presence of several inhibitors of: (a) nitric oxide synthase (L-NAME 2 × 10−4 M); (b) cyclooxygenase (Indomethacin, 10−5 M); (c) Ca2+-activated K+ channels (Kca): small conductance (SKca, Apamin, 10−7 M), intermediate conductance (IKca, TRAM34, 10−5 M), and big conductance (BKca, paxilline, 10−5 M); and (d) endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor (high KCl, 80 mM). Aspirin caused a concentration-dependent vasodilation. Aspirin-vasodilation was abolished by removal of endothelium or by high KCl. Furthermore, preincubation with either apamin plus TRAM-34 or paxillin significantly attenuated aspirin vasodilation (p < 0.05). For the first time, we showed that aspirin induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in mesenteric resistance arteries through the endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) and calcium-activated potassium channels. By activating this molecular mechanism, aspirin may lower peripheral vascular resistance and be beneficial in pregnancies complicated by hypertension.
Caffeine exposure from beverages and its association with self-reported sleep duration and quality in a large sample of Icelandic adolescents
(2021-11) Halldórsson, Þórhallur Ingi; Kristjánsson, Álfgeir Logi; Þórisdóttir, Ingibjörg E.; Oddsdóttir, Charlotta; Sveinbjörnsson, Jóhannes; Benediktsson, Rafn; Sigfúsdóttir, Inga Dóra; Jörundsdóttir, Hrönn Ólína; Gunnlaugsdóttir, Helga; Halldorsson, T I; Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition; Faculty of Medicine
Previous risk assessments have concluded that adolescent's caffeine exposure from energy drinks (ED) are of limited concern. Recent surveys have, however, shown substantial increase in consumption. This cross-sectional survey conducted in 2020 estimated caffeine exposure from beverages among ∼80% of all 13-15-year-old adolescents (n = 10358) relative to the European Food Safety Authority's level of no safety concern of (3.0 mg/kg bw) and level for effects on sleep (1.4 mg/kg bw). Associations with self-reported sleep duration and quality were also explored. ED consumers were more likely to exceed the limit of no safety concern (prevelance: 12–14%) compared to non-ED-consumers (1–2%). Exceeding the limit for effects on sleep was also higher among ED consumers (31–38%) than non-ED-consumers (5–8%). Across categories of low (<0.5 mg/kg bw) to high (>3.0 mg/kg bw) caffeine intake, the prevalence of participants sleeping <6 h increased from 3% to 24%, respectively. The corresponding adjusted Prevalence Ratio was 4.5 (95% CI: 3.6, 5.7) and mean decrease in duration of sleep was 0.74 h (95% CI: 0.65, 0.84). In conclusion, caffeine intake from beverages above the limit of no safety concern was largely confined to ED consumers. Consistent with effects from intervention studies in adults, caffeine intake was strongly associated with self-reported sleep duration in this representative population.