Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
Veldu flokk til að skoða.
- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- Reykjavík University
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts
Nýlega bætt við
Blue whiting in Icelandic waters: migration, residency, and population connectivity
(Inter-Research, 2025-09-18) Lee, Brendon; Ólafsdóttir, Anna H.; Post, Søren; Randhawa, Haseeb S.; Líf- og umhverfisvísindadeild (HÍ); Life and Environmental Sciences (UI); Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI)
Widely distributed pelagic fish populations underpin some of the largest fisheries globally and play a critical role in ecosystem dynamics by driving nutrient cycling and carbon transfer through vertical and seasonal migrations. Effective fisheries management requires understanding their spatial distribution, abundance, size structure, and the environmental factors that drive temporal variations, especially in the context of climate change. Here, we investigate the population structure of blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) in Icelandic waters using Bayesian hierarchical spatiotemporal models applied to bi-annual demersal survey data (1996–2023), which included 15,788 samples. Our results show that blue whiting occurrence, abundance,
and size structure are influenced by physical (depth, bathymetric slope), environmental (SST, SBT), and temporal (time of day, year, season) factors. We identify three main spatial patterns: persistent aggregations along the southern shelf and Iceland-Faroes Ridge, intensifying in spring; (2) marginal transition zones to the northwest and northeast with spatiotemporal variability; and (3) fringe subpopulations in the north. These findings suggest that migration from the dominant Northeast Atlantic population primarily drives autumn distributions, while partially resident juveniles persist in local nursery areas on the southern and western shelf year-round. This study provides vital knowledge for sustainable management on blue whiting stock level responses to future climate change.
A Tool for Processing and Inversion of MASW Data and a Study of Inter-Session Variability of MASW
(ASTM International, 2024-09-01) Ólafsdóttir, Elín Ásta; Bessason, Bjarni; Erlingsson, Sigurður; Kaynia, Amir M.; Umhverfis- og byggingarverkfræðideild (HÍ); Civil and Environmental Engineering (UI); Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI)
Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) is a non-invasive active-source technique for determination of near-surface shear wave velocity (Vs) profiles. Here we introduce and describe MASWavesPy, an open-source Python package for processing and inverting MASW data, whose design follows an object-oriented paradigm. To assess the performance of the new tool, measurements were conducted at four benchmark sites in Norway, characterized as silt, soft clay, silty sand, and quick clay. The results show that the Vs profiles obtained with MASWavesPy compare well with those obtained previously at the respective sites using invasive, non-invasive and laboratory techniques. Furthermore, the efficiency and usability of the new package is superior to previous versions developed by same authors. The software can be accessed through the Python Package Index (PyPI) at https://pypi.org/project/maswavespy/, along with sample data. This work further explores the inter-session variability of MASW measurements for civil engineering applications at soft soil sites. For this purpose, repeated measurements were conducted over a seven-year period at a silty sand site in South Iceland and the recorded time series analysed using the newly developed tool. The inter-session variability of the analysis results is reported in terms of Rayleigh wave phase velocity, interval Vs profiles, and time-averaged Vs for reference depths commonly used in practise.
日本の大学におけるアイスランド語教育を歴史的に考える：最初の問題設定と考察 [Teaching Icelandic at universities in Japan from a historical perspective: Initial research questions and observations]
(Rikkyo University, 2025-07-19) Bédi, Branislav
This contribution presents an early account of first academic encounters between Iceland and Japan, the influence of key individuals introducing and expanding Icelandic Studies in Japan from the late 19th century to the present. The aim is twofold: to identify significant figures who introduced and throughout the history contributed to the expansion of Icelandic Studies at Japanese universities, and to raise an initial research question about the motivation of Japanese university students learning Icelandic today. This contribution builds upon an earlier, shorter version previously published on the homepage of Árnastofnun (Bédi, 2025), and is expanding on the original material with additional information and findings.
Könnun um kennslu íslensku sem annars tungumáls (ÍSAT) á öllum skólastigum og í fullorðinsfræðslu
(2025-09-19) Emilsson Pesková, Renata; Bédi, Branislav
Markmið könnunarinnar er tvíþætt. Í fyrsta lagi munu niðurstöðurnar nýtast til að kortleggja þarfir starfandi kennara í íslensku sem öðru tungumáli (ÍSAT), bæði á öllum skólastigum og í fullorðinsfræðslu á vegum ýmissa framhaldsfræðsluaðila. Þetta mun hjálpa til við að meta núverandi fyrirkomulag, námsefni og úrræði. Auk þess varpa niðurstöðurnar ljósi á það kennsluefni og þá kennsluaðferði sem þörf er á til að hanna kennaranám og endurmenntun ÍSAT-kennara hér á landi. Í öðru lagi mun könnunin varpa ljósi á hvernig núverandi náms- og kennsluefni og fyrirkomulag kennslu í ÍSAT-námskeiðum uppfyllir þarfir nemenda sem læra íslensku sem annað tungumál á mismunandi hæfnistigum. Tilgangur rannsóknarinnar er fyrst og fremst að veita upplýsingar sem nýtast við undirbúning kennaranáms í ÍSAT á háskólastigi og við skipulag endurmenntunar starfandi ÍSAT-kennara.
A bioinformatics approach to uncover the role of the epigenetic machinery in neurodevelopment
(University of Iceland, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 2025-09-19) okay, kaan; Hans Tómas Björnsson, Kasper Daniel Hansen; Læknadeild (HÍ); Faculty of Medicine (UI); Heilbrigðisvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Health Sciences (UI)
The epigenetic machinery (EM) comprises molecular components, such as enzymes and protein complexes, that place, remove, or read epigenetic marks on histone tails and DNA, or remodel the chromatin, thereby regulating gene accessibility and expression. Pathogenic variants in these EM genes cause the Mendelian Disorders of the Epigenetic Machinery (MDEMs), a group of rare disorders with unifying phenotypes, including intellectual disability (ID) and growth dysregulation. However, the underlying mechanisms behind these overlapping phenotypes have not been extensively studied. One unifying feature is that many of these disorders have distinct DNA methylation (DNAm) abnormalities in blood samples; however, the relevance of this in disease-associated cell types, such as neurons, remains unclear. Furthermore, despite clinical reports of tumor risk in certain MDEMs, the underlying molecular basis of cancer susceptibility in patients with MDEMs is poorly understood. To address these gaps, this thesis pursues three aims: First, identifying functionally important EM domains using large-scale pathogenic missense variant (PMV) enrichment analysis; second, investigating shared DNAm and transcriptional abnormalities across multiple EM gene knockouts (KOs) in hippocampal murine neuronal progenitor cells (mNPCs). Through haplotype-resolved methylation profiling, imprinting control region (ICR) analysis, and gene expression integration, this aim uncovers convergent disruptions underlying MDEM pathogenesis; third, characterizing mutational signatures in hippocampal mNPCs after EM gene disruption to evaluate potential impairments in DNA damage response (DDR). Together, these aims integrate genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and mutational analyses to advance our understanding of EM gene function and its role in the pathogenesis of MDEMs. Chapter I presents a domain-centric analysis of EM genes based on PMV enrichment, identifying functionally important domains and their roles in Rubinstein-Taybi (RSTS) and Menke-Hennekam (MKHK) syndromes. Among 21 EM genes, 71.4% exhibited significant PMV enrichment in a single, most often the epigenetically canonical, domain. Notably, enrichment in non-epigenetic domains in a subset of EM genes suggests alternative functions and suggests that some of these may need to be reclassified. Syndrome-specific domain enrichment was observed from PMVs in RSTS and MKHK: RSTS variants clustered in the enzymatic HAT domain, while MKHK variants enriched non-enzymatic domains, with structural modeling implicating defects in SUMOylation and phosphorylation. These insights refine the link between protein domain disruption and disease phenotype, offering a framework for mechanistically informed diagnostics and future therapeutic targeting in MDEM. vii Chapter II investigates the effects of EM gene loss on DNAm and gene expression using an mNPC model derived from F1 off-springs of B6 and FVB mouse strains. KO of 46 EM genes, paired with long-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS), haplotype phasing, and RNA-seq, revealed multi-omic disruptions during early neuronal development. While most KOs induced subtle DNAm changes, promoter methylation analysis identified an EM gene cluster enriched for proteins interacting with DNAm writers or erasers, implicating indirect regulation of DNAm via protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Transcriptomic profiling revealed convergent expression changes in Dnmt1- and Kmt2a-KOs, both showing premature differentiation phenotypes. No DNAm abnormality was shared between these two EM-KOs detected, which suggests transcriptional dysregulation, rather than methylation dysregulation, plays a critical role in the premature differentiation observed here. However, it is not clear whether this is a primary or secondary effect. Haplotype-resolved methylomes revealed thousands of haplotype-specific differentially methylated regions (DMRs), associated with cis regulating methylation quantitative trait loci (cis-mQTLs). Abnormal methylation in imprinting control regions (ICRs) was observed in a subset of EM-KOs, suggesting EM involvement in ICR regulation. Collectively, these results demonstrate that EM gene disruption can result in epigenetic and transcriptional convergence, offering mechanistic insight into MDEM pathogenesis. Chapter III explores the relationship between EM gene loss and DDR in MDEMs, using the same mNPC dataset used in Chapter II. Although no overall significant increase in somatic variant load was observed in EM-KOs compared to controls, B6 controls showed significantly higher variant loads than FVB, likely due to differences in genetic background. A higher somatic variant load than expected by chance was observed in Asxl3, Crebbp, Kmt2d, Kmt2e, Lbr, Tdrd3, and Msl3-KOs, implicating putative roles of these genes in DDR. Among these, Kmt2e, Msl3, and Tdrd3 may represent novel candidates playing a role in the DNA damage response. Mutational signature analysis revealed shared enrichment of two trinucleotide signatures, SBS30 (base excision repair, BER) and SBS44 (mismatch repair, MMR), between multiple EM-KOs, suggesting shared DNA repair impairments. Together, these findings indicate that specific EM gene disruptions may compromise genome integrity and elevate cancer risk in a subset of MDEMs. Collectively, these chapters integrate domain-centric, multi-omic, and mutational analyses to elucidate the diverse, context-dependent functions of EM genes in neurodevelopmental and associated disorders.