Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
Veldu flokk til að skoða.
- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts
Nýlega bætt við
Excessive events : The syntax and semantics of OVER-modification in Icelandic
(2025-04-16) Gast, Volker; Putnam, Michael T.; Jóhannsdóttir, Kristín Margrét; Faculty of Education
This article presents a detailed semantic and accompanying syntactic analysis of predicates denoting events that we describe as ‘excessive’ in Icelandic. Icelandic uses two types of strategies for marking of excess, the preposition yfir complemented by a reflexive pronoun or anaphor (e.g., Sara bakaði yfir sig ‘Sara baked too much’), and the verbal prefix of- (e.g., Sara of-bakaði kökuna ‘Sara over-baked the cake’). We argue that the former strategy expresses excess relative to the external argument, while the latter strategy expresses excess relative to the internal argument. We illustrate how the semantics of such predicates can be analysed using standard semantic approaches to degree predicates with some extensions, and how a decompositional approach to morphosyntax such as Distributed Morphology can capture these distinctions in a conceptually appealing way, with a plausible account of the syntax-semantics interface.
Epilepsy grand challenge 2025
(2025-09-15) Höller, Yvonne; Trinka, Eugen; Jacobs, Julia; Faculty of Psychology
Enhanced clinical evaluation of Alzheimer disease through rapid automatized naming of emotional pictures
(2025-07-10) Lafenthaler, Sandra; Höller, Yvonne; Bergmann, Jürgen; Kirschner, Margarita; Frey, Vanessa; Rossini, Fabio; Trinka, Eugen; Staffen, Wolfgang; Faculty of Psychology
Purpose: Naming tests are commonly incorporated as short versions into clinical evaluation of Alzheimer disease (AD), but evidence suggests they may overestimate semantic abilities. This study investigated whether a more challenging naming task could distinguish cognitively healthy individuals from those with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and mild AD, while more effectively capturing lexical-semantic deficits. Method: In this cross-sectionally study, 15 aMCI patients, 15 mild AD patients, and 20 cognitively healthy controls completed a rapid automatized naming (RAN) task using emotionally balanced object and action pictures. Regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate diagnostic accuracy and identify influencing factors. Results: Controls significantly outperformed aMCI and AD groups in response times and naming accuracy (all p-values <0.001). Negative pictures elicited slower responses and higher error rates in controls. While the “negative delay” effect was attenuated in patient groups, negative stimuli remained cognitively demanding, as indicated by increased errors. Emotional valence enhanced naming performance for action pictures in the control group, a pattern that diminished or was absent in the patient groups. Regression analyses showed significant associations between response times/error rates and group membership (both p-values <0.001), independent of age, sex, education, anxiety, and depression. ROC analysis revealed moderate diagnostic accuracy for classifying mild AD (AUC of 0.907 for response times; AUC of 0.861 for error rates), but not for aMCI. Conclusion: The RAN task effectively identifies early stages of AD and naming impairments across different stages of cognitive decline. The inhibitory effect of negative valence on lexical retrieval underscores the importance of incorporating emotional valence into naming assessments by further considering emotional reactivity (arousal) and different word classes.
DNA methylation analysis using long-read sequencing, methods and application
(2025) Sigurpálsdóttir, Brynja Dögg; Halldórsson, Bjarni Vilhjálmur; Department of Engineering
Beyond the primary genetic code, DNA carries a second layer of information in the form of epigenetic modification, predominantly DNA methylation, which do not alter the DNA sequence itself but instead alter how genetic information is interpreted and expressed. DNA methylation is a dynamic process that can change in response to aging and environmental exposures, such as smoking. Importantly, altered DNA methylation patterns have been associated with a wide range of diseases, including cardiovascular disorders and cancer risk. Characterization of the role of DNA methylation is requisite on accurate genome-wide detection of methylation, however traditional approaches provide limited coverage of the genome and cannot accurately resolve parent-of-origin specific patterns. Long-read sequencing (LRS) overcomes these limitations and offers new opportunities to study DNA methylation. This thesis makes three main contributions. First, we establish LRS as highly reliable for DNA methylation detection and introduce filtering strategies to ensure high-quality data. Second, we reveal that sequencing variants drive much of the correlation of methylation with gene expression. Third, we map age associated methylation changes across the genome and reveal parent-of-origin specific changes of imprinting fidelity. Together, these studies demonstrate the utility of LRS for large scale methylation analysis and highlight its potential to uncover novel biological insights, refine our understanding of epigenetic regulation and inform future translational applications. Key words: DNA methylation, long-read sequencing, nanopore sequencing, gene regulation, methylation age
Disconnective approach leads to superior seizure outcome compared to other hemispheric procedures—A meta-analysis
(2025) Puhahn-Schmeiser, Barbara; Höller, Yvonne; Hofe, Franziska vom; Zentner, Josef; Jacobs, Julia; Klotz, Kerstin Alexandra; Faculty of Psychology
Hemispherectomy is the most promising treatment for patients with severe hemispheric intractable epilepsy. Several techniques for this surgical intervention have been established, but the choice of technique is currently mostly dependent on the surgeon’s experience with a specific approach. We aim to demonstrate whether the choice of the surgical technique moderates surgical outcome in patients with severe hemispheric intractable epilepsy, as measured by seizure freedom and the incidence of death after surgery. We extracted 2382 articles from PubMed and Cochrane. Two independent experts selected 555 articles. We performed a meta-analysis for all studies and a pooled data analysis for studies where information on individual patients was available. None of the retrieved studies was randomized. Disconnective surgery yielded significantly higher rates of seizure freedom (0.83) than resective (0.70, p < 0.001) or combined surgery (0.64, p < 0.001) for patients with at least 1 year follow–up (N cases = 1165). For death (N cases = 1197), resective surgery had the highest rate of death within a year (0.07), significantly higher than disconnective surgery (0.012, p = 0.001) and combined surgical techniques (0.006, p < 0.001). The assessed techniques did not systematically differ in rate of acute complications, but in their type, for example, acute neurological complications were most common after disconnective surgery (p < 0.001), unspecific symptoms after resective surgery (p < 0.004). Chronic neurological complications were most common after resective surgery (p < 0.001). Seizure freedom is more likely following disconnective surgery as compared to resective or combined techniques. Disconnective and combined surgical techniques lead to fewer chronic complications and death than resective approaches.