Neyslutíðni matvæla eða bætiefna og fylgni við styrk langra ómega-3 fitusýra í blóðvökva barnshafandi kvenna

Abstract

TILGANGUR Fyrri rannsóknir benda til að hluti barnshafandi kvenna á Íslandi uppfylli ekki ráðlögð viðmið fyrir neyslu langra ómega-3 fitusýra, sem eru taldar mikilvægar fyrir fósturþroska. Markmið rannsóknarinnar var að meta neyslutíðni barnshafandi kvenna á fæðutegundum og bætiefnum sem innihalda langar fjölómettaðar ómega-3 fitusýrur og kanna fylgni við styrk þeirra í blóðvökva. AÐFERÐIR Þátttakendur voru 853 barnshafandi konur sem mættu í fósturgreiningu við 11.-14. viku meðgöngu. Upplýsingar um fæðuval, notkun ómega-3 bætiefna sem innihalda eikósapentaensýru (EPA) og dókósahexaensýru (DHA) og bakgrunn þátttakenda var aflað með fæðutíðnispurningalista. Blóðsýni voru tekin til mælinga á styrk fitusýra í blóðvökva. Fylgni var metin með Spearman-fylgnistuðli. NIÐURSTÖÐUR Miðgildi neyslu á mögrum fiski var 1,3 skipti í viku og á feitum fiski eitt skipti í mánuði. Um 50% tóku ómega-3 bætiefni daglega eða oftar. Hærri heildartíðni fiskneyslu og notkun bætiefna með ómega-3 fitusýrum endurspeglaðist í hærri heildarstyrk þeirra í blóðvökva (r=0,37, p ÁLYKTANIR Neysla matvæla og bætiefna sem innihalda ómega-3 fitusýrur endurspeglaðist í styrk þeirra í blóðvökva, að undanskildu íslensku meðgöngu-fjölvítamíni. Helstu niðurstöður okkar eru að rétt rúmlega þriðjungur barnshafandi kvenna borðaði fisk að minnsta kosti tvisvar sinnum í viku í samræmi við ráðleggingar. Um það bil helmingur kvennanna notaði einhver bætiefni með ómega-3 fitusýrum daglega. INTRODUCTION: Long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids are considered important for fetal development, but previous studies suggest suboptimal intake in part of pregnant women in Iceland. The study aim was to evaluate intake of food and supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids, among pregnant women in Iceland and correlations to fatty acid composition in plasma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects were 853 pregnant women attending their 11-14 weeks ultrasound appointment. Information on intake of food and supplements containing long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) as well as background was obtained by a questionnaire. Blood samples were collected for analysis of plasma fatty acids. Correlation was evaluated using the Spearman correlation. RESULTS: Median intake of lean fish was 1.3 times per week, while fatty fish was consumed once monthly. About 50% of the women took omega-3 containing supplements daily. Higher intake of both fish and omega-3 containing supplements was reflected in higher omega-3 plasma levels (r=0.37 p CONCLUSION: Intake of food and supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids was reflected in plasma concentration, except for an Icelandic maternal multivitamin. One third of the women followed the recommendation of eating fish at least twice weekly. About 50% had a daily intake of supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids.

INTRODUCTION: Long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids are considered important for fetal development, but previous studies suggest suboptimal intake in part of pregnant women in Iceland. The study aim was to evaluate intake of food and supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids, among pregnant women in Iceland and correlations to fatty acid composition in plasma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects were 853 pregnant women attending their 11-14 weeks ultrasound appointment. Information on intake of food and supplements containing long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) as well as background was obtained by a questionnaire. Blood samples were collected for analysis of plasma fatty acids. Correlation was evaluated using the Spearman correlation. RESULTS: Median intake of lean fish was 1.3 times per week, while fatty fish was consumed once monthly. About 50% of the women took omega-3 containing supplements daily. Higher intake of both fish and omega-3 containing supplements was reflected in higher omega-3 plasma levels (r=0.37 p<0.001). A positive correlation was seen between intake of cod liver oil/capsules (r=0.23, p=0.001), omega-3 oil/capsules (r=0.20, p=0.001) and plasma concentration of omega-3. However, no correlation was seen between intake of a maternal multivitamin containing omega-3 and corresponding plasma concentration (r=0.03, p=0.98). CONCLUSION: Intake of food and supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids was reflected in plasma concentration, except for an Icelandic maternal multivitamin. One third of the women followed the recommendation of eating fish at least twice weekly. About 50% had a daily intake of supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids.