Titill: | Not so bad: avoidance and aversive discounting modulate threat appraisal in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex |
Höfundur: |
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Útgáfa: | 2015-06-10 |
Tungumál: | Enska |
Umfang: | 142 |
Háskóli/Stofnun: | Háskólinn í Reykjavík (HR) Reykjavík University (RU) |
Svið: | Viðskiptadeild (HR) School of Business (RU) |
Birtist í: | Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience;9 |
ISSN: | 1662-5153 |
DOI: | 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00142 |
Efnisorð: | Avoidance; Threat; Fear; Anterior cingulate; Medial prefrontal cortex; Loss discounting; Anxiety; Neuroimaging; Kvíði; Ótti; Sálfræði; Heilinn; Psychology; |
URI: | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/927 |
Tilvitnun:Schlund, M. W., Brewer, A. T., Richman, D. M., Magee, S. K., & Dymond, S. (2015). Not so bad: avoidance and aversive discounting modulate threat appraisal in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00142
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Útdráttur:The dorsal anterior cingulate (adACC) and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC)
play a central role in the discrimination and appraisal of threatening stimuli. Yet, little
is known about what specific features of threatening situations recruit these regions and
how avoidance may modulate appraisal and activation through prevention of aversive
events. In this investigation, 30 healthy adults underwent functional neuroimaging while
completing an avoidance task in which responses to an Avoidable CS+ threat prevented
delivery of an aversive stimulus, but not to an Unavoidable CS+ threat. Extinction testing
was also completed where CSs were presented without aversive stimulus delivery and
an opportunity to avoid. The Avoidable CS+ relative to the Unavoidable CS+ was
associated with reductions in ratings of negative valence, fear, and US expectancy and
activation. Greater regional activation was consistently observed to the Unavoidable CS+
during avoidance, which declined during extinction. Individuals exhibiting greater aversive
discounting—that is, those more avoidant of immediate monetary loss compared to
a larger delayed loss—also displayed greater activation to the Unavoidable CS+,
highlighting aversive discounting as a significant individual difference variable. These
are the first results linking adACC/dmPFC reactivity to avoidance-based reductions
of aversive events and modulation of activation by individual differences in aversive
discounting.
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Leyfi:Copyright © 2015 Schlund, Brewer, Richman, Magee and Dymond. This is an openaccess
article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted,
provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original
publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice.
No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these
terms.
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