Háskólinn á Akureyri

Varanleg URI fyrir þennan undirflokkhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/5666

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Niðurstöður 1 - 20 af 302

Vestnorden : A functional region?
(2013-06-15) Eyþórsson, Grétar Þór; Hovgaard, Gestur; Faculty of Business Administration
This article discusses the issue of what kind of a region Vestnorden is. The need for such a discussion arises from the challenges posed by globalisation for the idea and construction of the West Nordic space, and the need to observe how this regional unit counters these processes. The article is based on an analytical framework which presupposes that a functional region has to consist of four elements. First, whether the space has its own institutions for decision making; second, how far there is economic complementarities among the involved nations and territories; third, to what degree they have common economic interests; and finally, to what extent social, cultural and historical ties exist between the territories involved. The article argues that there is an urgent need to discuss and reorient the institutional functionality of Vestnorden as a regional unit.
The impact of amalgamations on services in Icelandic municipalities
(2018) Eyþórsson, Grétar Þór; Karlsson, Vífill; Faculty of Business Administration
Do municipal amalgamations affect interregional migration?
(2019-06-17) Karlsson, Vífill; Eyþórsson, Grétar Þór; Faculty of Business Administration
This paper examines the change of interregional migration following municipal amalgamations. Interregional migrations are mostly triggered by differentials in household utilities, local economic conditions, amenities and the like. Thus, it is reasonable to believe that if an amalgamation of municipalities leads to a better service or lower local taxes in a community, it would attract new inhabitants and thus, increase the net-migration - as suggested by Tiebout (1956). A macro panel data set from Iceland was used that represents several essential variables of the housing market for 79 municipalities in Iceland during the period from 1993 to 2006. The results returned mixed effects on net migration. The amalgamations seem to have had both negative and positive effects on net-migration due to the differences in the number of municipalities in each merger and the similarities in the population sizes of the previous municipalities that joined each merger.
Local democracy in the West-Nordic countries
(2020) Eyþórsson, Grétar Þór; Faculty of Business Administration
Digital currencies, SWOT analysis
(2023-08-25) Sigurðsson, Kjartan; Eyþórsson, Grétar Þór; Kristjánsdóttir, Helga; Faculty of Business Administration
The paper highlights the increased international trade and discussion in recent years of digital currencies, also known as virtual currencies or cryptocurrencies, including the bilateral trade coin bitcoin (BTC). Scholars have emphasised the need to consider different preconditions, focusing primarily on domestic perspectives of payment intermediation within individual countries. The inclusion of digital currencies in global trade is motivated by the recognition that time is playing an increasingly important role in trade dynamics. Scholars have presented arguments on the potential impact of CBDCs (central bank digital currencies), highlighting their ability to facilitate secure and seamless payment transactions in line with the primary objective of central banks. Conversely, sceptics argue that the mere issuance of CBDCs can potentially undermine the stability of the financial system. High interest rates tend to reduce the amount of cash in circulation. Therefore, higher interest rates do not stimulate digital currencies as investors seek to keep their funds tied up rather than floating. The purpose of this research is to consider the concept of digital currencies in global trade, reflecting the increasing importance of time in trade. Older generations have been reluctant to embrace this new way of doing business, and many questions have arisen. For example, digital currencies compete with traditional currencies, making government control difficult. There are also issues of trust, credibility, volatility, use across countries, use across time zones, trading time, uncertainty, disruption to current centralised economic systems, lender of last resort in the form of a central bank, as well as distance and culture in international trade. The methodology used is the well-known and classic SWOT analysis, which provides tools for analysing the pros and cons of digital currencies. It sheds light on the advantages and disadvantages of digital currencies, including strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The results vary depending on the weight of the four measures provided. The practical implications are that it is important to be aware of the measured factors when trading: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Finally, it is believed that the value/originality of the research sheds light on issues that people need to be aware of when considering entering into a transaction using some form of digital currency.
COVID-19 handling strategy in Iceland : Centralised and expert-led
(Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., 2024-11-01) Eythórsson, Grétar Thór; Haug, Are Vegard; Faculty of Business Administration
In this chapter, material from a case study based on interviews in northern Iceland’s Akureyri municipality is used to shed light on how and which governmental-level decisions or recommendations on crisis reactions were made and how actors at different levels reacted to and implemented these. The mayor of Akureyri, who had a very good oversight of how things developed, was interviewed, along with the chairman of the municipal council. This interview data is used here to investigate how decisions, including either recommendations or restrictions from the state level, were perceived at the local level. The findings will be considered in relation to how Iceland succeeded in fighting the pandemic.
Citizen trust in local government in the Nordic Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic
(Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., 2024-11-01) Baldersheim, Harald; Haug, Are Vegaard; Eyþórsson, Grétar Þór; Vegard Haug, Are; Faculty of Business Administration
This chapter examines trust in local government among Nordic citizens after more than two years of pandemic and concomitant government interventions in citizens’ daily lives. It has been widely assumed that citizens’ pandemic experiences have jeopardised their trust in government and have most likely led to a decline in trust. Is this also the case in the Nordic countries? Or have the traditionally high levels of trust observed in the North – sometimes referred to as ‘the Nordic gold’ (Andreasson 2017) – survived the pandemic and even possibly been augmented? These are the core issues addressed in this chapter. The analyses presented here go beyond many previous studies of trust by contextualising the issue of trust explicitly within the pandemic experiences of individual citizens and by focussing especially on trust in local institutions. In a comparative perspective, local government is of particular importance in the Nordic countries (Ladner et al. 2019). As demonstrated in previous chapters, the pandemic disrupted local government operations across the board and required adjustment and flexibility to keep a minimum of services running. Local government is the level of government where citizens are most likely to have had the closest encounters with public authorities and their handling of the pandemic. Therefore, charting citizen trust in local government is likely to yield the most reliable account of what citizens’ experiences were like in their encounters with government institutions during the pandemic.
Voter turnout in local elections – the impact of municipal amalgamations. : A study of 28 cases in Iceland
(2025-12-16) Eyþórsson, Grétar Þór; Faculty of Business Administration
In this article I deal with analyzing whether amalgamations of municipalities do affect the voters‘ participation in elections when it comes to the new merged municipality. I use data from six different local government elections in Iceland; the elections 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018. I have looked at 28 different municipal amalgamations implemented under that period with 102 municipalities involved. The main question is if the voter turnout in these amalgamated municipalities changes, not least due to the impact of size on democracy. Municipal population size is considered to have a negative effect on democracy as stated in the classic work of Dahl and Tufte (1973). I use accessible data from Statistics Iceland (www.hagstofa.is). The main result is that there is no clear evidence that increased size of municipality through amalgamations ultimately leads to lower voter turnout. However, what is found is that voter turnout seems to go down in pure urban amalgamations and tends to go up in pure rural amalgamations. Communities that are structurally and culturally similar, seem to develop in the same direction looking at voter turnout.
Civic engagement and trust among immigrants in Iceland
(2026-03-01) Eythórsson, Grétar Thór; Guðmundsson, Birgir; Faculty of Business Administration; Faculty of Social Sciences
The composition of the Icelandic population has undergone a considerable transformation in a relatively short period of time. A medley of different cultural influences brought about by an increased number of immigrants has coloured the traditionally monolithic and culturally homogeneous Icelandic society. In early January 2025, immigrants constituted some 18,9 per cent of the total population, and their number had been rising considerably over the previous two decades, their number being some 7,4 per cent of the total population in 2012. The largest number of immigrants reside in the capital area in Iceland and represent 67,7 per cent of all immigrants. However, the proportion of immigrants among the population in different regions of the country is considerable, about 33 per cent in the South -West peninsula (Suðurnes) and some 24,5 per cent in the Westfjords (Vestfirðir) (Statistics Iceland, 2025). In this paper, we aim to establish how these massive demographic changes impact the civic culture in Iceland. We assess, with the help of specifically designed indices constructed based on empirical data, the extent to which immigrants in Iceland have become part of the civic culture upon which the Icelandic democratic society rests. As far as we know, this is the first time empirical – numerical criteria have been applied to the civic engagement of immigrants in Iceland. The definition of immigrants follows the one used by Statistics Iceland and defines an immigrant as a person who was born abroad and has both parents and grandparents born abroad (Statistics Iceland, 2018). Immigrants in Iceland come from all over the world, although the largest single group comes from Poland (Statistics Iceland, 2025). Thus, they bring with them a variety of new ideas and cultural traditions, some of which are highly visible such as restaurants and culinary cultures, while other ideas might be more hidden such as their attitudes towards the role of government or civic engagement.
Amalgamation reforms in Iceland : How strategies have shaped conflicts and outcomes
(2026-03-01) Eythórsson, Grétar Thór; Faculty of Business Administration
Municipal amalgamation reforms tend to meet resistance and opposition from the municipalities involved. Such territorial reforms can lead to great changes for the municipalities, as well as their inhabitants, since some may have had their jurisdictional boundaries for a long time. Therefore, it is no wonder that conflicts can occur in connection with such reforms (Baldersheim & Rose, 2010). Such shuffling involving not merely municipal boundaries, but also the political landscape, the structure of municipal administration and service delivery, can lead to comprehensive changes for everyone involved. The Norwegian political scientists Baldersheim and Rose (2010) argue that whether such or suggested changes will lead to conflicts can depend on the strategies used during implementation. They also connect this with the institutional context – national and local – and presented an analytical framework in which institutional context determines both the choice of reform strategy and the pattern of conflicts arising from the reform. All this then determines the outcome. Steiner et al. (2016) examined patterns of conflict related to territorial reforms in European countries using this framework. They based their investigation on surveys among experts in 11 European countries. Their main findings were that top-down initiatives and comprehensive reforms were more likely to trigger conflicts and resistance, while more incremental and bottom-up-oriented approaches would probably engender less struggle and defiance, if any. In this article, I take a closer look at Iceland, one of the eleven countries from the Steiner (et al. 2016) study, and use Baldersheim and Rose’s (2010) framework to analyze two cases of municipal structure reforms. Specifically, the Icelandic national authorities have twice tried to implement a comprehensive territorial reform at the local level. This has been done by setting up referendums in majority of the municipalities, first in 1993 and later in 2005. Neither of these reforms (or reform attempts) ended up being successful. To better explain what brought about these outcomes I address the following research questions: What reform strategies were used in the municipal structural reforms in Iceland 1993 and 2005? Were there any conflicts connected to them and if so, what kind of conflicts? Which were the outcomes of these reforms and can they be seen as consequences of the strategies that were used and the conflicts that came up?
Evaluation of Ulva lactuca hydrolysates as a feedstock for clostridial fermentations to produce 1,2-propanediol
(2026-03-27) Ingvadóttir, Eva María; Scully, Sean Michael; Örlygsson, Jóhann; Faculty of Natural Resource Sciences
Macroalgae are an abundant and underutilized renewable feedstock that can be exploited for the production of various low- and high-value biomolecules. The study herein describes a mild acid and base process to hydrolyze the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca into simpler, fermentable carbohydrates, with an emphasis on rhamnose. Hydrolysis experiments involving up to 5% v/v sulfuric acid and 5% w/v sodium hydroxide at temperatures between 25 and 100 °C demonstrated that the highest recovery of fermentable carbohydrates was generally obtained using 2.5% v/v sulfuric acid at 75 °C. Two Clostridium species ( Clostridium strain AK1 isolated from SW Iceland, and Clostridium beijerinckii strain DSM 791) were used to ferment L-rhamnose to 1,2-propanediol, both as a single substrate and as part of macroalgal hydrolysates. Additionally, the impact of culture conditions (pH and initial substrate concentration) on rhamnose fermentation was investigated in batch culture for both strains. Generally, pH did not influence the production of 1,2-propanediol and both strains partially degraded rhamnose at very low (10 mM) initial substrate concentrations. A kinetic investigation of rhamnose utilization using strain AK1 showed that the pentose is degraded much slower as compared with glucose with 1,2-propanediol production lagging and reaching a maximum concentration of 7.7 mM. When Clostridium strain AK1 was cultivated on U. lactuca hydrolysates and non-pretreated U. lactuca , the maximum yields were 7.9 mM 1,2-propanediol. This is the first report of the production of 1,2-propanediol from macroalgal biomass using a moderately thermophilic Clostridia.
Réttur til réttargæslumanns : Þjóna skilyrðin vilja löggjafans?
(2024-03) Antonsdóttir, Júlí Ósk; Lagadeild
Victims' rights are in the spotlight these days. This article deals with victims of crime and their right to have a designated or appointed legal aid to protect their interests during the handling of a case concerning a crime against them. It will discuss the conditions set by law for the nomination and appointment of a legal aid and how the courts have interpreted the conditions in case law and why it is necessary to change the conditions to better ensure the interests of victims of crime and especially victims of domestic violence.
Evolutionary ecogenomics of North Atlantic ptarmigan
(Háskólinn á Akureyri, 2026-03) Squires, Theodore Edgar; Magnússon, Kristinn Pétur; Höglund, Jacob; Centre for Doctoral Studies
Í þessari doktorsritgerð er nýtt viðmiðunarerfðamengi notað til að samþætta heilerfðamengjagögn úr stofnum og tímaseríum til að skilja aðlögun, lýðfræðidýnamík, og þá vá sem steðjar að framtíð fjallrjúpunnar (Lagopus muta) á Íslandi og í stofnum kringum Norður Atlantshaf. Í grein I er lýst hágæða 1,03 Gb erfðamengi rjúpunnar með kortlögðum genum á litninga sem gerir virknirannsóknir á erfðaefninu mögulegar. Í grein II eru borin saman erfðamengi 99 rjúpna frá níu löndum við Atlantshaf, með því að nota tvö loftslagsgagnasett (CHELSA, WorldClim) og tvö tölfræðiforrit (BayPass, LEA). Niðurstöður sýna með útreikningum að stofnarnir eru mjög aðlagaðir loftslagsskilyrðum, á fjölgenagrunni, og nota má erfðabreytileikamat til að spá fyrir um aðlögunarhæfni í hlýnandi loftslagi (genomic offset), sem er háð vali á loftlagsgögnum og fylgniaðferðum. Stofnar á heimskauta- og fjallasvæðum virðast sérstaklega viðkvæmir fyrir hlýnun. Í grein III eru rannsakaðar samsætutíðnibreytingar 91 erfðamengis í stofnsveiflum yfir ellefu ára tímabil. Niðurstöðurnar sýna sveiflur í takt við hæðir og lægðir stofnsins, og fylgni við erfðabreytileika í genum sem tengjast tauga-, atferlis- og ónæmisfræðilegum hlutverkum, sem eru í samræmi við þéttleikaháð val sem viðheldur erfðabreytileika. Grein IV fjallar um fylgnigreiningu með erfðamengjaskimun (GWAS) á 90 ungfuglum við ástandsbreytur (fitu, stærð, þyngd), þar sem sterk áhrif einstakra lókusa koma ekki fram, sem styður fjölgenavirkni, til að nefna áhugaverð kandídatsgen (t.d. HIVEP3, HTR1F, LAMA3, GALNT9, ACSL3, EBF1) sem bjóða upp á tilgátur fyrir markvissa eftirfylgni í stærra úrtaki. Doktorsritgerðin er hagnýtur vegvísir fyrir framtíðarnáttúrvernd, hvernig megi forgangsraða erfðamengjagrunduðum loftslagslíkönum, nota erfðamengjafræði í vöktun stofna yfir tíma, varðveita virkni erfðabreytileika og þróa svæðisbundna stjórnun til verndunar. Rannsóknirnar hafa leitt til erfðamengjasafna, greiningarferla og ígrundaðs ramma til að spá fyrir um breytingar á rjúpnastofnum og hvernig megi viðhalda þeim í örum umhverfisbreytingum.
Unveiling Nordic youth’s aspirations : A multi methods approach
(2025-10-27) Lykkegaard, Eva; Carpelan, Raisa; Blom, Thomas; Duek, Susanne; Gunnþórsdóttir, Hermína; Gustavsen, Ann Margareth; Haliseva, Ville; Mælan, Ellen Nesset; Slotte, Anna; Þrastardóttir, Bergljót; Qvortrup, Ane; Kennaradeild
This study investigates how different narrative interview methods capture young people’s aspirations. Based on a theoretical conceptualization of aspirations, we argue that methods need to capture the young people’s future and present selves, their moral meanings or normative significance of these selves, their lived experiences and social contexts, as well as the multidimensionality and dynamic aspects of their aspirations. The study is based on 75 individual interviews with 25 young people from Finland, Norway, Iceland, Sweden, and Denmark, conducted over three rounds. The findings reveal that young people shared varied aspects of their aspirations when using different interview approaches. While some methods (timeline interviews and future script interviews) were particularly useful for capturing the young people’s present selves, lived experiences, and social contexts, other methods (inquiry-based interviews) succeeded in addressing students’ future selves and their moral meanings and the normative significance of these selves, and finally, repeated motivational quantifications captured the multidimensionality and dynamic aspects of their aspirations. The study underscores the benefits of a multi-method approach and longitudinal design in capturing young people’s aspirations and highlights how research collaboration is useful when striving towards consistency in cross-national studies and for continuously refining methods and approaches to optimize comprehensions.
Students‘ academic well-being in Nordic schools
(Springer Nature, 2026-01-01) Gunnþórsdóttir, Hermína; Teglbjærg, Jonas Henau; Rúnarsdóttir , Eyrún María; Roe, Astrid; Klette, Kirsti; Gudmundsdatter Magnusson, Camilla; Sigurjónsson, Jóhann Örn; Faculty of Education
Students’ learning is affected by multiple factors, and recent reviews have highlighted that teaching quality is more important for students’ learning than several other factors. As schools play an essential role in supporting students’ development of social and emotional skills, knowledge, and behaviours, academic well- being should be a focal point in students’ education. This study aims to identify observable characteristics of classroom practice that might enhance students’ perceptions of academic well-being and understand what characterises captivating teachers based on student reports. Data were collected by video recording lessons from 126 Nordic lower secondary classrooms (Grade 8) in language arts, social science education, and mathematics, and students from these classrooms completed the Tripod Student Perceptions Survey (Ferguson, 2012). We use the students’ answers, particularly for the factor Captivate, as a measure of students’ academic well-being and explore the bivariate associations between well-being and observed aspects of teaching. The findings suggest that students’ sense of academic well- being depends on their teacher’s ability to ensure an orderly classroom where time is spent on relevant learning activities and on their teacher’s propensity to engage in actions that directly help them understand “difficult stuff” through definitions of key academic concepts.
Work–family conflict : A classed phenomenon?
(2026-02) Ragnarsdóttir, Berglind Hólm; Bjarnadóttir, Valgerður S.; Hjálmsdóttir, Andrea; Víkingsdóttir, Anna Soffía; Faculty of Social Sciences; School of Humanities and Social Sciences
Prior research has found that high levels of work–family conflict negatively impact women's well-being. However, variations in the effects of work–family conflict on women based on class have been understudied. Moreover, most estimates of work–family conflict did not distinguish between work-to-family and family-to-work conflict. This study uses data from a cross-sectional phone survey of Icelandic women to assess the association between work–family conflict (in both directions) and symptoms of depression and anxiety among women of differing class positions. Key findings showed that (a) work-to-family and family-to-work conflict were positively related to symptoms of anxiety and depression among all women, but these relationships were contingent on class; (b) working-class women are more likely to experience symptoms of depression and anxiety due to work-to-family conflict than women of higher social strata; and (c) working-class women are more likely to experience symptoms of depression due to family-to-work conflict than women of higher social strata. The results demonstrate the need for further research on how women's ability to reconcile work and family varies by class and how public policy can account for such differences.
Frá hlaupara til leiðtoga : Áhrif breytinga á starfsumhverfi og faglegt starf í leikskólum
(2025-05-30) Mörk, Svava Björg; Hreiðarsdóttir, Anna Elísa; Kennaradeild
Gjaldfrjáls sex klukkustunda leikskóladvöl var innleidd í Akureyrarbæ og Kópavogsbæ í þeim tilgangi að bæta starfsumhverfi starfsmanna og þjónustu við börn. Tilgangur þessarar rannsóknar var að kanna hvernig leikskólastjórar upplifðu og brugðust við innleiðingu sex klukkustunda gjaldfrjálsrar leikskóladvalar hjá bæjunum tveimur og hvaða áhrif breytingarnar höfðu á faglegt starf, stjórnunarhætti og innra starf leikskólanna. Sérstaklega var skoðað hvaða þættir höfðu mest áhrif á stjórnendur og hverjar væntingar þeirra væru til áframhaldandi þróunar. Tekin voru rýnihópaviðtöl við stjórnendur 17 leikskóla þar sem þeir miðluðu reynslu sinni og mati á breytingunum. Niðurstöður sýndu að breytingarnar höfðu í för með sér tækifæri sem birtust að mati stjórnenda í faglegu starfi. Færri börn síðdegis veittu starfsfólki svigrúm til að einblína á fagleg verkefni og undirbúning, sem leiddi til aukinnar fagmennsku og ánægju meðal starfsfólks. Þátttakendur lýstu áhyggjum af að ávinningurinn gæti verið skammvinnur nema stjórnsýslan styddi við faglegt starf og stöðugleika í starfsumhverfi. Gildi rannsóknarinnar felst í að varpa ljósi á hvernig stjórnendur geta unnið með kerfislægar breytingar á faglegan hátt. Hagnýtt gildi hennar felst í mikilvægi þess að skapa varanlegan stuðning við leikskólastjórnendur og starfsfólk með áherslu á mönnun, símenntun og skýra stefnu til að tryggja sjálfbærar umbætur í leikskólastarfi.
Breytingar á rekstrarumhverfi leikskóla : Áhrif á velferð barna
(2025-06-18) Hreiðarsdóttir, Anna Elísa; Mörk, Svava Björg; Faculty of Education
Undanfarin misseri hafa nokkur sveitarfélög lagst í breytingar á rekstrarfyrirkomulagi leikskóla. Leiðirnar eru ekki eins en markmiðið er í öllum tilvikum að bæta leikskólastarf og aðstæður barna og starfsfólks. Dæmi um breytingar er að bjóða upp á sex tíma gjaldfrjálsan leikskóla og skilgreina daga sem eru frídagar í grunnskóla sem skráningardaga sem greiða þarf sérstaklega fyrir. Í greininni er fjallað um rannsókn sem fram fór í tveimur sveitarfélögum sem lagst hafa í fyrrnefndar breytingar, en þau eru Akureyri og Kópavogur. Tekin voru rýniviðtöl við skólastjórnendur og spurningakannanir sendar á skólastjórnendur, á deildarstjóra og á starfsfólk sem vinnur með börnum. Tilgangurinn var að skoða reynslu þeirra af breytingunum með áherslu á hvernig sveitarfélögunum tveimur hefur gengið að ná þeim markmiðum sem stefnt var að. Í greininni er unnið með þann hluta í niðurstöðum sem snýr að áhrifum breytinganna á skólastarfið og á velferð barna. Niðurstöður sýna að misjafnt er milli skóla hvort, og þá hve mikið, skólatímum barna fækkar umfram sex gjaldfrjálsu tímana og nýting á skráningardögum er einnig mismunandi á milli skóla. Vinnutímastytting kemur ítrekað fyrir í gögnum og greinilegt að það hefur verið áskorun að mæta henni. Í þeim skólum þar sem skólatímum fækkaði, bæði utan gjaldfrjálsu tímanna og á skráningardögum, gengur betur að mæta vinnutímastyttingu starfsfólks og skólatímum þarf ekki að fækka mikið til að áhrifin verði greinanleg. Stöðugri mönnun hefur létt álagi af starfinu, meiri ró er yfir ákveðnum tímum dagsins og þá bjóðast fleiri gæðastundir í námi og leik. Fólk finnur mun á líðan barna og því hægt að segja að breytingar af þessum toga geti eflt velferð leikskólabarna.
Munnleg lokapróf í háskólakennslu : Kostir áskoranir og upplifun nemenda
(2025-09-29) Kristjánsdóttir, Vera Kristín Vestmann; Viðskiptadeild
Munnleg lokapróf eru sjaldgæf í íslensku háskólakerfi þrátt fyrir aldalanga sögu. Sumar rannsóknir benda til þess að þau bjóði upp á dýpri innsýn í þekkingu og hæfni nemenda og geti þannig endurspeglað námsárangur með öðrum hætti en hefðbundin skrifleg próf. Í þessari grein er fjallað um munnleg próf sem matsaðferð í háskólakennslu, skoðaðir bæði kostir þeirra og áskoranir. Áhersla er lögð á upplifun nemenda, streitu og prófkvíða, auk þess sem borinn er saman árangur nemenda í munnlegum og skriflegum prófum. Rannsóknin byggir á spurningakönnun sem lögð var fyrir nemendur í námskeiði í viðskiptafræði við Háskólann á Akureyri, þar sem munnlegt lokapróf var tekið upp í stað hefðbundins skriflegs prófs. Niðurstöður sýna að þrátt fyrir að margir nemendur upplifi kvíða tengdan munnlegum prófum, meta þeir reynsluna yfirleitt jákvæða eftir á. Upplifun nemenda af að þreyta munnlegt próf reyndist marktækt ólík eftir því hvort þeir upplifðu streitu í prófinu eða ekki. Meirihluti þátttakenda taldi að munnlegt próf krefðist dýpri skilnings og þeir hefðu þar af leiðandi undirbúið sig betur fyrir prófið. Gögnin sýna einnig að meðaleinkunnir voru hærri hjá þeim nemendum sem þreyttu munnlegt próf en hjá fyrri árgöngum sem tóku hefðbundið skriflegt próf. Rannsóknin dregur fram mikilvægi þess að styðja nemendur í gegnum nýjar matsaðferðir og að munnleg próf geti stuðlað að réttlátara námsmati. Niðurstöðurnar styðja við fyrri rannsóknir sem benda til þess að munnleg próf geti verið áhrifaríkari leið til að meta dýpri skilning en skrifleg próf og efli mikilvæga hæfni fyrir atvinnulífið.
Repair and reconstruction for urban commoning : The making of the liberated spaces in Naples
(2026-01-05) Locorotondo, Martina; Fishwick, Adam; Centre for Doctoral Studies
Commoning requires repair. Where capitalist logics of accumulation, enclosure and exclusion produce abandoned space through the city, urban commoners remake that space to serve the needs of inhabitants. Without hiding the paradoxes and risks of repair, based on years-long ethnography in the Liberated Spaces in Naples, Italy, we demonstrate how repair and reconstruction produced the conditions for societal transformation in the city. We show how this was achieved through four connected processes that underpinned the making of these urban commons. In doing so, we develop a theoretical contribution on the relationship between repair and the commons as it affects: the role of practices of material repair of previously abandoned buildings in shaping the commons; the significance of memory reconstruction in reconstituting these spaces; the formation of social bonds and collective subjectivities through these practices; and the potential of repair in the urban commons to expand these practices and prefigure broader social transformation.

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