Greinar- HÍ

Varanleg URI fyrir þennan undirflokkhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/57

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Niðurstöður 1 - 20 af 1815

Mush Disaggregation and Dike Propagation Timescales at Active Volcanoes: Evidence from the 2022–2023 Fagradalsfjall Eruptions
(Oxford University Press, 2025-06) Caracciolo, Alberto; Marshall, Edward W.; Mutch, Euan; Bali, Enikő; Halldórsson, Sæmundur Ari; Matthews, Simon; Sigmarsson, Olgeir; Maclennan, John; Merrill, Heini; Gísladóttir, Bryndís Ýr; Johnson, Sóley M.; Gudmundsson, Gudmundur H; Robin, Jóhann Gunnarsson; Rúnarsdóttir, Rebekka Hlín; Jarðvísindadeild (HÍ); Faculty of Earth Sciences (UI); Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI)
The architectures of magma plumbing systems and timescales of magmatic processes are fundamental to understanding volcanic eruption dynamics. This is especially crucial when investigating the rejuvenation of magma plumbing system that have been dormant for extended periods, as their long-term evolution is poorly understood, making eruption monitoring more challenging. The 2021–2023 Fagradalsfjall eruptions provide a unique perspective on the initial stages and temporal evolution of a basaltic magma plumbing system, since its previous eruptions occurred ~7000 years ago. In this study, we focus on the 2022 and 2023 Fagradalsfjall eruptions, integrating our petrological and geochemical dataset with data from the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption. We show that the 2022 and 2023 Fagradalsfjall eruptions were sourced from a near-Moho magma domain at ~14 km depth, similar to the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption. However, clinopyroxene–melt barometry suggests that the 2022 and 2023 magmas experienced crystallization in an incipient mid-crustal reservoir or during slow ascent within the magma conduit. The 2022 and 2023 Fagradalsfjall lavas show substantially less compositional variation than the 2021 lavas and are dominated by geochemically enriched compositions that became apparent after the first 40 days of the 2021 event. Olivine mesocrysts (100–500 μm in length) and plagioclase macrocrysts (>500 μm in length) constitute two different populations in the crystal cargo. Olivine mesocrysts are interpreted as autocrysts that crystallized from the host magma, whereas the plagioclase crystals, which are out of chemical equilibrium with the host magma, are derived from a crystal mush. Olivine and plagioclase diffusion timescales represent two different processes. Plagioclase diffusion timescales reveal the erosion of crystal mushes, a process that unfolded over the months and days prior to the 2022 and 2023 eruptions. The decreasing duration of these timescales from 2021 to 2023 suggests an increasingly rapid response of the plumbing system to deep melt injections and the progressive shortening of unrest timescales. In contrast, olivine diffusion timescales capture the timing and duration of dike opening and propagation from near-Moho depths, as evidenced by the correlation between their cumulative frequency distribution and pre-seismic activity. Combined geophysical, petrological, and barometric data suggest that the 2022–2023 propagating dikes took significantly longer to traverse the lower crust and reach mid-crustal levels compared to the upper crust, which they breached within a few days through a fully established magma pathway. Our results highlight the importance of deep magmatic processes and the need to improve monitoring methods for detecting the early stages of magma accumulation and dike propagation at active volcanoes in geological settings similar to Iceland.
How close is too close? Mapping the impact area of renewable energy infrastructure on tourism
(Elsevier, 2022-03-22) Tverijonaite, Edita; Sæþórsdóttir, Anna Dóra; Ólafsdóttir, Rannveig; Hall, C. Michael; Líf- og umhverfisvísindadeild (HÍ); Life and Environmental Sciences (UI); Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI)
Estimating the spatial extent of the impacts of renewable energy infrastructure on tourism is crucial for the identification of potential locations of resource use conflict. Such a task, however, is complicated and requires inclusion of social perceptions on the spatial extent of the impacts. This study investigates perceptions of the tourism industry in Iceland regarding the impact area of existing and proposed energy projects on tourism and analyses the factors affecting its size and shape. It is based on semi-structured interviews with tourism service providers, during which participants mapped their perceived impact areas using participatory mapping software. The results revealed that the reasoning affecting the perceived spatial extent of the impacts falls into three categories: visibility of renewable energy infrastructure and related environmental impacts; tourist mobility; and changes in tourism due to energy projects. Moreover, the impacts of the proposed energy projects were perceived as more negative compared to existing ones. Energy projects were considered less suitable in wilderness areas, which were defined by the tourism service providers as an important resource for nature-based tourism, but more acceptable in developed areas. Thus, the spatial extent of the impacts and the compatibility of renewable energy infrastructure with tourism highly depend on changes in place meanings and tourism processes brought by energy infrastructure as well as affected elements of tourism networks. This emphasizes the importance of including tourism stakeholder perceptions and knowledge into the early stages of energy planning to ensure sustainable development of both the tourism and energy industries.
The interrelationships between renewable energy infrastructure and tourism: A thematic literature review
(Elsevier, 2024-09-28) Tverijonaite, Edita; Sæþórsdóttir, Anna Dóra; Ólafsdóttir, Rannveig; Hall, H. Michael; Líf- og umhverfisvísindadeild (HÍ); Life and Environmental Sciences (UI); Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI)
Increasing demand for renewable energy and rapid tourism growth point to the need for a better overview of the factors affecting the compatibility of renewable energy infrastructure (REI) with tourism. This study aims to systematically review existing research on the interrelationships between REI and tourism, to identify their type and character and the factors affecting them, and to critically discuss planning and policy implications. Analysis of 61 original articles published in international peer-reviewed journals revealed opportunities for synergic relationships, but also showed REI can negatively impact tourist experience, leading to reduced tourism demand and economic loss. Three groups of factors shaping the interrelationships between REI and tourism were identified: (1) factors related to REI, (2) locational factors, and (3) factors related to tourism stakeholders. These factors should be considered while planning REI developments to ensure sustainable coexistence with tourism, but their role highly depends on the context surrounding each REI project. The findings highlight the importance of tourism stakeholder inclusion through participatory approaches in the early stages of renewable energy planning to ensure the identification and potential preservation of resources crucial for tourism.
Utilization of Residues from Microalgal Industries for Agricultural Practices: A comprehensive review
(Elsevier, 2025-09) Mohsin, Muhammad Zubair; Þórarinsdóttir, Ragnheiður; Brynjólfsson, Sigurður; Wu, Bing; Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI)
Global consumptions of fertilizers and freshwater have been continuously growing due to increased food demand, leading to great concerns on food security. Bio-based resilient nutrient resources such as microalgae-derived waste biomass and wastewater have gained great attention as alternative solid and liquid fertilizer resources because they contain key nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), organic compounds (acting as soil conditioner, growth stimulators), and micronutrients. Thus, microalgae-derived solid and liquid fertilizers have great potential in promoting plant growth in soil and/or hydroponic farming, controlling release of nutrients to avoid nutrient leaching and volatilization, and facilitating to achieve circular economy in microalgal industries. However, several challenges, such as imbalanced nutrient element ratios, causes of heavy metal accumulation and increased pH/conductivity, may limit their wide applications. Several recent-published review articles have documented the application of fresh microalgal biomass as fertilizer sources via direct use and conversion methods or recycling cultivation medium for microalgal growth, but no review has been conducted on utilization of microalgal processing wastewater and biomass residues for agriculture practices. Herein, this article provides a comprehensive review on the processes relating to recovery of resources (water, nutrients, valuable plant growth compounds) from microalgae processing wastewater and biomass residues generated in microalgal biorefinery industries, and identifies the key factors that are associated with the resource recovery efficiency and their effects on plant growth.
Papierforschung im Dienste der Buchgeschichte: Einbände des 18. Jahrhunderts in der Handschriftensammlung Árni Magnússons
(International Association of Paper Historians, 2025-03-01) Stegmann, Beeke
Many different bindings are preserved in the manuscript collection once owned by the Icelander Árni Magnússon (1663-1730). Especially with regard to the eighteenth-century bindings, only a few types have hitherto been described and dated. The present contribution shows that watermark research – in particular the analysis of the paper used in the bindings’ endleaves – can help distinguish more styles and provide descriptions and at least rough datings for four additional ones. A single bookbinder could produce several different types of bindings, but it is clear that the book binder Bertel Wolck used various old paper for his bindings, possibly leftover sheets that still circulated in Copenhagen in the 1720s.
Blue whiting in Icelandic waters: migration, residency, and population connectivity
(Inter-Research, 2025-09-18) Lee, Brendon; Ólafsdóttir, Anna H.; Post, Søren; Randhawa, Haseeb S.; Líf- og umhverfisvísindadeild (HÍ); Life and Environmental Sciences (UI); Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI)
Widely distributed pelagic fish populations underpin some of the largest fisheries globally and play a critical role in ecosystem dynamics by driving nutrient cycling and carbon transfer through vertical and seasonal migrations. Effective fisheries management requires understanding their spatial distribution, abundance, size structure, and the environmental factors that drive temporal variations, especially in the context of climate change. Here, we investigate the population structure of blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) in Icelandic waters using Bayesian hierarchical spatiotemporal models applied to bi-annual demersal survey data (1996–2023), which included 15,788 samples. Our results show that blue whiting occurrence, abundance, and size structure are influenced by physical (depth, bathymetric slope), environmental (SST, SBT), and temporal (time of day, year, season) factors. We identify three main spatial patterns: persistent aggregations along the southern shelf and Iceland-Faroes Ridge, intensifying in spring; (2) marginal transition zones to the northwest and northeast with spatiotemporal variability; and (3) fringe subpopulations in the north. These findings suggest that migration from the dominant Northeast Atlantic population primarily drives autumn distributions, while partially resident juveniles persist in local nursery areas on the southern and western shelf year-round. This study provides vital knowledge for sustainable management on blue whiting stock level responses to future climate change.
A Tool for Processing and Inversion of MASW Data and a Study of Inter-Session Variability of MASW
(ASTM International, 2024-09-01) Ólafsdóttir, Elín Ásta; Bessason, Bjarni; Erlingsson, Sigurður; Kaynia, Amir M.; Umhverfis- og byggingarverkfræðideild (HÍ); Civil and Environmental Engineering (UI); Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI)
Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) is a non-invasive active-source technique for determination of near-surface shear wave velocity (Vs) profiles. Here we introduce and describe MASWavesPy, an open-source Python package for processing and inverting MASW data, whose design follows an object-oriented paradigm. To assess the performance of the new tool, measurements were conducted at four benchmark sites in Norway, characterized as silt, soft clay, silty sand, and quick clay. The results show that the Vs profiles obtained with MASWavesPy compare well with those obtained previously at the respective sites using invasive, non-invasive and laboratory techniques. Furthermore, the efficiency and usability of the new package is superior to previous versions developed by same authors. The software can be accessed through the Python Package Index (PyPI) at https://pypi.org/project/maswavespy/, along with sample data. This work further explores the inter-session variability of MASW measurements for civil engineering applications at soft soil sites. For this purpose, repeated measurements were conducted over a seven-year period at a silty sand site in South Iceland and the recorded time series analysed using the newly developed tool. The inter-session variability of the analysis results is reported in terms of Rayleigh wave phase velocity, interval Vs profiles, and time-averaged Vs for reference depths commonly used in practise.
Stærðfræði og tónlist
(Félag raungreinakennara, 1992) Kristín, Bjarnadóttir; Menntavísindasvið (HÍ); School of Education (UI)
Stærðfræði teygir sig inn á mörg svið daglegs lífs. Hlutverk hennar í viðskiptum og tækni er alþekkt, en færri vita að stærðfræðileg lögmál leynast í myndlist og tónlist. Í þessari grein verða rakin ævaforn tengsl tónlistar og stærðfræði.
The Library at Bræðratunga: Manuscript Ownership and Private Library-Building in Early Modern Iceland
(2023) Parsons, Katelin Marit; Stofnun Árna Magnússonar í íslenskum fræðum (HÍ); The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies (UI); Hugvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Humanities (UI)
Library institutions did not exist in early modern Iceland, meaning that private ownership was central to the preservation of pre-modern manuscripts and literature. However, personal collections are poorly documented in comparison to the activities of manuscript collectors such as Árni Magnússon. This article examines the case study of Helga Magnúsdóttir (1623–1677) and book ownership at her home of Bræðratunga in South Iceland, concluding that Helga Magnúsdóttir engaged in library-building as a social strategy following the death of her husband, Hákon Gíslason (1614–1652). The inventory of the Bræðratunga estate from 1653 includes only four books, all printed. However, nine manuscripts are conclusively identified as having been at Bræðratunga at least briefly during the period from c. 1653 to 1677, and evidence for the presence of another five items is discussed. Examination of surviving volumes suggests that Helga’s goal was to participate in an active culture of sharing manuscript material across distances, rather than to accumulate a large stationary collection of printed books and codices for Bræðratunga. She thereby played an important but easily overlooked role in the survival of Old Norse–Icelandic literature in the early modern period. Of the manuscripts at Bræðratunga, at least two likely came from Helga’s childhood home of Munkaþverá in North Iceland, the former site of a Benedictine monastery. Her cousin Bishop Brynjólfur Sveinsson of Skálholt (1605–1675) also gifted books to Helga and her family, and on his death she inherited half of his collection of Icelandic books and manuscripts, making her the owner of one of the most significant collections of Icelandic manuscripts in the country. The survival of books from Helga’s library was negatively impacted by the Fire of Copenhagen in 1728, the extinction of her family line in the eighteenth century as a long-term consequence of the 1707–1709 smallpox epidemic and collector Árni Magnússon’s antagonistic relationship with two of her children’s heirs. Árni’s relationship with Oddur Sigurðsson (1681–1741), Helga’s grandson and last living descendent, did eventually improve; an appendix includes a list of manuscripts that Oddur loaned to Árni and may have come from the library at Bræðratunga.
Collective identity, solidarity, and sisterhood in the ASAB cleaning women’s strike in Sweden and the Women’s Day Off in Iceland
(Informa, 2023-06-22) Pálmadóttir, Valgerður; Johansson-Wilén, Evelina; Schmitz, Eva; Sagnfræði- og heimspekideild (HÍ); Faculty of History and Philosophy (UI); Hugvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Humanities (UI)
In recent years feminist movements have increasingly employed the form and rhetoric of strikes in framing their protests. The rise of the women’s strike movement has been seen as an indicator of an invigorated wave of feminist activism that focuses, to a greater extent, on structural economic injustices. The aim of this article is to provide a historical aspect to the growing research on strikes as a multifaceted form of protest. The article analyses articulations of collective identity, solidarity, and sisterhood in two different kinds of ‘women’s strikes’ that took place in the Nordic region during the mid-1970s; the ASAB cleaners’ strikes in Sweden during 1974–1975 and the Icelandic Women’s Day Off that took place on October 24, 1975. The article explores how the relationship between gender and class was conceptualized by participants, organizers, and bystanders. We employ these cases to study how solidarity and sisterhood across differences among women might have appeared in practice while at the same time reflecting internal tensions and varying interests. Moreover, the article reflects on the specific form of the strikes and the potential impact their respective form might have had on the political articulations that came out of them.
The COVID‐School and Social Responsibility: Creative Expressions of Children's Rights and Agency in Iceland During the Pandemic
(Wiley, 2025-03-25) Jörgensen, Eva; Benediktsdóttir, Signý Björk; Nordal, Salvör; Gunnlaugsson, Geir; Einarsdóttir, Jónína; Félagsfræði-, mannfræði- og þjóðfræðideild (HÍ); Faculty of Sociology, Anthropology and Folkloristics (UI); Félagsvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Social Sciences (UI)
This study examines children's experiences in Iceland during the COVID-19 pandemic through their creative expressions sub-mitted to the Ombudsman for Children. Analysing 454 submissions, including narratives, drawings and videos from childrenaged 6–16, the research identified two main themes: the ‘COVID- School’ addressing educational disruptions and peer relation-ships, and ‘Social responsibility’ reflecting children's engagement with health measures. Using Spray's framework of embodied,social and public child dimensions, the study reveals how children navigated pandemic restrictions while demonstrating remark-able health literacy and social consciousness. The findings emphasise children's agency and the importance of including their perspectives in public health crisis responses
The tale of the founder founder: assessing the origin of a recently established fish in Icelandic waters
(Springer Nature, 2025-03-10) Henke, Theresa; Pálsson, Snæbjörn; Hemmer-Hansen, Jakob; Thorlacius, Magnús; Ólafsdóttir, Guðbjörg Ásta; Líf- og umhverfisvísindadeild (HÍ); Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences (UI); Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI)
The geographic origin of an alien species is an important aspect of a species’ invasion history 55 used for classification and management plans but can additionally deliver information on 56 introduction pathways that require the attention of managers and scientists. The invasion 57 history of European flounder (Platichthys flesus), an alien flatfish species first documented in 58 Icelandic waters in 1999, has not been fully elucidated. There have been different hypotheses 59 on the European flounder’s origin and introduction pathway, suggesting either a potentially 60 natural arrival from the Faroe Islands or an introduction via ballast water from the coasts of 61 northwestern Europe. To clarify the geographic origin of European flounder found in Iceland, 62 we used microsatellite analysis of purposefully collected samples from 14 sites around Iceland 63 and reference data stemming from previously published research of flounder population 64 structure in the Faroese and other European populations. Our results indicate that the Faroese 65 population is the most likely source of the European flounder found in Iceland. There was 66 weak IBD between Icelandic samples and the Faroese population. Additionally, we identified 67 9 hybrids between alien European flounder and native European plaice (Pleuronectes 68 platessa) and further documented signatures of introgression between the species. European 69 flounder x European plaice hybrids are commonly found throughout the overlapping native 70 range of both species but has previously not been documented in Iceland.
Reduction of energy cost of magnetization switching in a biaxial nanoparticle by use of internal dynamics
(American Physical Society (APS), 2023-06-29) Badarneh, Mohammad H. A.; Kwiatkowski, Grzegorz; Bessarab, Pavel; Raunvísindastofnun (HÍ); Science Institute (UI); Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI)
A solution to energy-efficient magnetization switching in a nanoparticle with biaxial anisotropy is presented. Optimal control paths minimizing the energy cost of magnetization reversal are calculated numerically as functions of the switching time and materials properties, and used to derive energy-efficient switching pulses of external magnetic field. Hard-axis anisotropy reduces the minimum energy cost of magnetization switching due to the internal torque in the desired switching direction. Analytical estimates quantifying this effect are obtained based on the perturbation theory. The optimal switching time providing a tradeoff between fast switching and energy efficiency is obtained. The energy cost of switching and the energy barrier between the stable states can be controlled independently in a biaxial nanomagnet. This provides a solution to the dilemma between energy-efficient writability and good thermal stability of magnetic memory elements.
AsymPol-TEKs as efficient polarizing agents for MAS-DNP in glass matrices of non-aqueous solvents
(Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2024) Harrabi, Rania; Halbritter, Thomas; Alarab, Shadi; Chatterjee, Satyaki; Wolska-Pietkiewicz, Malgorzata; Damodaran, Krishna K.; van Tol, Johan; Lee, Daniel; Paul, Subhradip; Hediger, Sabine; Sigurdsson, Snorri Th.; Mentink-Vigier, Frederic; De Paëpe, Gaël; Raunvísindadeild (HÍ); Faculty of Physical Sciences (UI); Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI)
Two polarizing agents from the AsymPol family, AsymPol-TEK and cAsymPol-TEK (methyl-free version) are introduced for MAS-DNP applications in non-aqueous solvents. The performance of these new biradicals is rationalized in detail using a combination of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy, Density Functional Theory, Molecular Dynamics and quantitative MAS-DNP spin dynamics simulations. By slightly modifying the experimental protocol to keep the sample temperature low at insertion, we are able to obtain reproducable DNP-NMR data with 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TCE) at 100 K, which facilitates optimization and comparison of different polarizing agents. At intermediate magnetic fields, AsymPol-TEK and cAsymPol-TEK provide 1.5 to 3-fold improvement in sensitivity compared to TEKPol, one of the most widely used polarizing agents for organic solvents, with significantly shorter DNP build-up times of ~ 1 s and ~ 2 s at 9.4 and 14.1 T respectively. In the course of the work, we also isolated and characterized two diastereoisomers that can form during the synthesis of AsymPol-TEK; their difference in performance is described and discussed. Finally, the advantages of the AsymPol-TEKs are demonstrated by recording 2D 13C-13C correlation experiments at natural 13C-abundance of proton-dense microcrystals and by polarizing the surface of ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) coated with diphenyl phosphate ligands. For those experiments, cAsymPol-TEK yielded a three-fold increase in sensitivity compared to TEKPol, corresponding to a nine-fold time saving.
Stirring Up Skyr: From Live Cultures to Cultural Heritage
(University of Illinois Press, 2022) Pétursson, Jón Þór; Hafstein, Valdimar Tr.; Félagsfræði-, mannfræði- og þjóðfræðideild (HÍ); Faculty of Sociology, Anthropology and Folkloristics (UI); Félagsvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Social Sciences (UI)
In recent years, the Icelandic dairy product skyr has been transformed from an everyday staple to a national food heritage. Skyr is high in protein and low in fat, and its nutritional value accounts for its international success. However, the domestic and international marketing of skyr glide effortlessly from medieval literature to modern healthy living in promoting skyr as a unique, wholesome, and authentic product: heritage food and Iceland's “secret to healthy living.” In this article, we explore how skyr has been recontextualized as heritage through the cultural staging of skyr-making and through branding efforts. It was not until skyr had become a standardized export commodity that people began to fear that action was needed to protect the traditional way of skyr-making. Picking up on the trend of “heritagization,” pioneered by Slow Food (which added skyr to its “Ark of Taste”) and by small farmers catering to tourists, industrial skyr producers have come around to narrating the cultural history of skyr, employing heritage branding to carve out a unique place within the global dairy-scape. We untangle the messy relationships between the local and the global in such heritage efforts by examining how global trends and markets influence people at local levels, impacting the way they think about and act on their own cultural forms, and how the local level, in turn, impacts global flows under the sign of heritage.
Fracturing and tectonic stress drive ultrarapid magma flow into dikes
(American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2024-03-15) Sigmundsson, Freysteinn; Parks, Michelle; Geirsson, Halldór; Hooper, Andrew; Drouin, Vincent; Vogfjörd, Kristín S.; Ófeigsson, Benedikt G.; Greiner, Sonja H. M.; Yang, Yilin; Lanzi, Chiara; De Pascale, Gregory P.; Jónsdóttir, Kristín; Hreinsdóttir, Sigrún; Tolpekin, Valentyn; Friðriksdóttir, Hildur María; Einarsson, Páll; Barsotti, Sara; Jarðvísindastofnun (HÍ); Institute of Earth Sciences (UI); Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI)
Many examples of exposed giant dike swarms can be found where lateral magma flow exceeded hundreds of kilometers. We show that massive magma flow into dikes can be established with only modest overpressure in a magma body, if a large enough pathway opens at its boundary, and gradual build-up of high tensile stress has occurred along the dike pathway prior to onset of diking. This explains rapid initial magma flow rates, modeled up to about 7400 m3/s into a dike approximately 15-km-long, propagating under the town of Grindavík, SW-Iceland, in November 2023. Such high flow rates provide insight into the formation of major dikes and imply a serious hazard potential for high flow-rate intrusions that propagate to the surface and transition into eruptions.
The 1975 Icelandic ‘Women’s day off’ in Nordic print media
(Informa, 2024-07-24) Kurvinen, Heidi; Pálmadóttir, Valgerður; Sagnfræði- og heimspekideild (HÍ); Faculty of History and Philosophy (UI); Hugvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Humanities (UI)
In October 1975, the Icelandic women’s movement organized a ‘Women’s Day Off’ (WDO), a one-day strike designed to reveal the societal importance of women’s work. In this article, we explore media coverage of the WDO in the Nordic countries. Through an analytical lens that focuses on media framing and journalistic practices, we analyse differences in the coverage’s scope and content. We also contextualize the coverage against the background of sociopolitical factors that may have affected the cultural filtering of the news, as well as journalistic practices and resources in each country. In doing so, we demonstrate that the coverage relied on each newsroom’s estimation of the event’s newsworthiness for local readers. That news value was influenced by the country in question’s cultural proximity to Iceland, the state of local feminist organizing and public discussions regarding gender equality, and other news topics in circulation at the time. Our analysis is based on a reading of media texts related to the WDO that we gathered using digital interfaces of the national libraries of Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Finland, complemented by a manual search in cases where such digitization was lacking.
Nordic Feminism Reconsidered: Activism, Scholarly Endeavours and Women’s Research Networks at the Nordic Summer University 1971–1990
(Informa, 2021-09-28) Palmadottir, Valgerdur; Sjöstedt, Johanna; Sagnfræði- og heimspekideild (HÍ); Faculty of History and Philosophy (UI); Hugvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Humanities (UI)
In our paper presentation, we explore the Nordic Summer University (NSU), an independent and migratory scholarly organisation, as a platform for interaction and cooperation for the new women’s movements and an arena for the development of women’s research in the Nordic region. In several accounts, NSU is described as a key context for the development of Nordic women’s and feminist research and frequently appears in memoirs by pioneers in the field, but it has never been the direct object of scholarly focus. In recent years, there has been a scholarly debate about the historical narratives concerning the history of academic feminism in the Nordic region, where both the connection to the new women’s movements in the 1970s and the notion of the ‘Nordic’ have been contested. This article intervenes in these discussions by exploring the ‘women’s circles’ within NSU as they appear in various sources such as historiographical accounts, reports memoirs and archives and thereby, thereby defending a hands-on archival approach. We argue that focusing on an alternative international institution for knowledge production such as NSU offers valuable insights into how feminism as a social movement and a scholarly project - politics and academic endeavours - have been negotiated.
Human Small Heat Shock Protein B8 Inhibits Protein Aggregation without Affecting the Native Folding Process
(American Chemical Society (ACS), 2023-07-06) Choudhary, Dhawal; Mediani, Laura; Avellaneda, Mario J.; Bjarnason, Sveinn; Alberti, Simon; Boczek, Edgar E.; Heidarsson, Pétur O.; Mossa, Alessandro; Carra, Serena; Tans, Sander J.; Cecconi, Ciro; Raunvísindastofnun (HÍ); Science Institute (UI); Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI)
Small Heat Shock Proteins (sHSPs) are key components of our Protein Quality Control system and are thought to act as reservoirs that neutralize irreversible protein aggregation. Yet, sHSPs can also act as sequestrases, promoting protein sequestration into aggregates, thus challenging our understanding of their exact mechanisms of action. Here, we employ optical tweezers to explore the mechanisms of action of the human small heat shock protein HSPB8 and its pathogenic mutant K141E, which is associated with neuromuscular disease. Through single-molecule manipulation experiments, we studied how HSPB8 and its K141E mutant affect the refolding and aggregation processes of the maltose binding protein. Our data show that HSPB8 selectively suppresses protein aggregation without affecting the native folding process. This anti-aggregation mechanism is distinct from previous models that rely on the stabilization of unfolded polypeptide chains or partially folded structures, as has been reported for other chaperones. Rather, it appears that HSPB8 selectively recognizes and binds to aggregated species formed at the early stages of aggregation, preventing them from growing into larger aggregated structures. Consistently, the K141E mutation specifically targets the affinity for aggregated structures without impacting native folding, and hence impairs its anti-aggregation activity.
Prediction of stable nanoscale skyrmions in monolayer Fe5GeTe2
(American Physical Society (APS), 2024-06-10) Li, Dongzhe; Haldar, Soumyajyoti; Kollwitz, Leo; Schrautzer, Hendrik; Goerzen, Moritz A.; Heinze, Stefan; Raunvísindastofnun (HÍ); Science Institute (UI); Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI)
Using first-principles calculations and atomistic spin simulations, we predict stable isolated skyrmions with a diameter below 10 nm in a monolayer of the two-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnet Fe5⁢GeTe2, a material of significant experimental interest. A very large Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) is observed due to the intrinsic broken inversion symmetry and strong spin-orbit coupling for monolayer Fe5⁢GeTe2. We show that the nearest-neighbor approximation, often used in the literature, fails to describe the DMI. The strong DMI together with moderate in-plane magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy allows to stabilize nanoscale skyrmions in out-of-plane magnetic fields above ≈2 T. The energy barriers of skyrmions in monolayer Fe5⁢GeTe2 are comparable to those of state-of-the-art transition-metal ultrathin films. We further predict that these nanoscale skyrmions can be stable for hours at temperatures up to 20 K.

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