Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
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Early Biocompatibility of Brown Macroalgal Scaffolds in a Splinted Full-Thickness Rodent Wound Model : A Pilot Study
(2026-08) Kristinsdottir, Svava; Rolfsson, Ottar; Sigurjonsson, Olafur Eysteinn; Kristjansson, Arni Kjalar; Sigurgrimsdottir, Hildur; Freysdottir, Jona; Brynjolfsson, Sigurður; Karlsdottir, Sigrun Nanna; Department of Engineering
Wounds are an increasing clinical and socioeconomic burden motivating the development of sustainable and biocompatible biomaterials for wound healing. Collagen-based extracellular matrix products can improve healing but are limited by cost and ethical or cultural constraints. Cellulose-rich macroalgal matrices offer a potential sustainable alternative. This pilot study evaluated the biocompatibility and wound-healing performance of brown macroalgal scaffolds. Scaffolds derived from Laminaria digitata (LD) and Saccharina latissima (LS) were produced using the visible-light method. Indirect cytotoxicity was assessed in keratinocytes, and in vivo effects were evaluated in a splinted dorsal excisional wound model in Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24), comparing LD, LS, bacterial cellulose (a CACS), and standard of care (SOC). The LD and LS extracts were non-cytotoxic, and no adverse reactions were observed in vivo. Wounds treated with LD, LS, and the SOC showed faster wound closure than the CACS at intermediate timepoints. Inflammation and foreign-body response scores were low and comparable across all groups. The LD showed significantly greater fibroblast infiltration than the CACS at day 7, and at day 14, the LD group exhibited the highest collagen area fraction. These findings indicate that LD and LS scaffolds are non-cytotoxic, are well-tolerated in vivo, and influence wound repair in full-thickness wound models, warranting further study as sustainable biomaterial.
DOES UNCERTAINTY PLAY A VICIOUS ROLE IN IOS ADOPTION DECISIONS BY SMALL BUSINESS MANAGERS?
(2022) Gudmundsson, Sveinn Vidar; Department of Business and Economics
Aim/Purpose Explores the interrelationships between uncertainty, motivation, and IT readiness when predicting IOS adoption among small businesses. Background Small business IOS adoption is proportionally low in most countries worldwide. Methodology Uses a sample of small businesses and PLS structural-equations path modelling approach. Contribution Uncertainty is an underexplored construct in information systems research, and our research shows that it plays a significant role in IOS adoption among small businesses Findings The findings support that uncertainty has a negative effect on intent to adopt IOS and that motivation and IT readiness have a positive effect. Recommendations for Practitioners To alleviate uncertainty, an effort to win over small business managers to IOS over the internet must encompass accessible information, security provisions, low-cost product, simple interfaces, and system adaptability to existing provisions in the IOS network. Recommendations for Researchers The uncertainty perspective has not been tested extensively empirically, especially not in the context of technology adoption, and needs further investigation.
15q11.2 CNV affects cognitive, structural and functional correlates of dyslexia and dyscalculia
(2017) Ulfarsson, M. O.; Walters, G. B.; Gustafsson, O.; Steinberg, S.; Silva, A.; Doyle, O. M.; Brammer, M.; Gudbjartsson, D. F.; Arnarsdottir, S.; Jonsdottir, G. A.; Gisladottir, R. S.; Bjornsdottir, G.; Helgason, H.; Ellingsen, L. M.; Halldorsson, J. G.; Saemundsen, E.; Stefansdottir, B.; Jonsson, L.; Eiriksdottir, V. K.; Eiriksdottir, G. R.; Johannesdottir, G. H.; Unnsteinsdottir, U.; Jonsdottir, B.; Magnusdottir, B. B.; Sulem, P.; Thorsteinsdottir, U.; Sigurdsson, E.; Brandeis, D.; Meyer-Lindenberg, A.; Stefansson, H.; Stefansson, K.; Department of Psychology; Department of Engineering
Several copy number variants have been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders and these variants have been shown to also influence cognitive abilities in carriers unaffected by psychiatric disorders. Previously, we associated the 15q11.2(BP1-BP2) deletion with specific learning disabilities and a larger corpus callosum. Here we investigate, in a much larger sample, the effect of the 15q11.2(BP1-BP2) deletion on cognitive, structural and functional correlates of dyslexia and dyscalculia. We report that the deletion confers greatest risk of the combined phenotype of dyslexia and dyscalculia. We also show that the deletion associates with a smaller left fusiform gyrus. Moreover, tailored functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments using phonological lexical decision and multiplication verification tasks demonstrate altered activation in the left fusiform and the left angular gyri in carriers. Thus, by using convergent evidence from neuropsychological testing, and structural and functional neuroimaging, we show that the 15q11.2(BP1-BP2) deletion affects cognitive, structural and functional correlates of both dyslexia and dyscalculia.
Cold-induced stress responses during a self-rescue exercise from accidental immersion in ice water in military personnel
(2025) Beres, Yannick; Lechner, Raimund; August, Elias; Koch, Andreas; Radermacher, Peter; Kulla, Martin; Staps, Enrico; Department of Engineering
INTRODUCTION: Cold-water immersion induces autonomic stress responses including sympathetic cold shock and parasympathetic diving and trigeminovagal reflexes, potentially leading to arrhythmias or bronchospasm. Another important complication of cold-water immersion is hypothermia. This study evaluates physiological responses during ice-self-rescue training to assess safety and temperature monitoring accuracy. METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational cohort study of 80 healthy Mountain Infantry soldiers during a standardized ice-self-rescue training in Norway (air temperature -10 °C). Participants underwent partial immersion (0.5 °C water) resulting in transitory submersion (<5 s). They were equipped with continuous 3-lead ECG (n = 34) spirometry (n = 26); and core temperature monitoring (ingestible telemetric capsule (n = 23) versus bilateral tympanic thermometry with and without ear channel occlusion (n = 34). Primary outcomes included cardiac rhythm changes, lung function parameters and temperature measurement agreement. RESULTS: ECG analysis revealed significant post-immersion tachycardia (median increase of 17 bpm, p = 0.03) and increased RR-interval variability (+90 ms, p < 0.01), without malignant arrhythmias. Spirometry showed no clinically significant changes in FVC or FEV 1 and peak expiratory flow. Tympanic readings underestimated core temperature post-immersion (median difference -2.8 °C versus capsules, p < 0.01), with ear canal occlusion did not improve accuracy (p = 0.15). CONCLUSION: Supervised cold-water immersion during military training exercise elicited expected autonomic stress responses without life-threatening complications in healthy soldiers. These findings suggest structured cold-water training can be safely conducted for fit individuals. Tympanic thermometry proved unreliable following immersion, even after ear channel occlusion. Ingestible capsule thermometry may be a viable approach if invasive measurement is not possible. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered under "Cold induced stress reactions during cold water immersion" in the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS) under the registration number DRKS00032345 (https://www.drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00032345/details).
Advancing Knee Osteoarthritis Assessment Using Novel Quantitative Imaging Features and Machine Learning
(2025-11-17) Ciliberti, Federica Kiyomi; Gargiulo, Paolo; Jonsson, H., Jr.; Department of Engineering
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage and associated musculoskeletal structures. Despite its prevalence, early diagnosis and patient-specific assessment remain challenging due to the multifactorial nature of the disease and the limitations of conventional imaging and grading systems. This thesis advances KOA evaluation by integrating multi-modal quantitative imaging features and machine learning methodologies to improve diagnostic accuracy, reproducibility, and early detection. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans were acquired and analyzed within the framework of the EU SINPAIN project, which aims to develop innovative and personalized therapies for KOA. The imaging data were processed through a standardized pipeline for segmentation, registration, and feature extraction of bones, cartilages, and muscles. Morphological, density, and radiomic features were combined to train and validate supervised and semi-supervised learning models and identify the most informative imaging biomarkers of KOA. The study demonstrates that specific imaging-derived characteristics, such as alterations in cartilage morphology and texture, subchondral bone density distribution, and the balance between muscle and intramuscular adipose tissue, serve as sensitive indicators of degenerative changes in the joint. Cross-tissue analyses revealed consistent interdependence between cartilage degradation and surrounding musculoskeletal adaptations, supporting a holistic interpretation of joint health. Furthermore, robustness and stability assessments established the reliability of the extracted quantitative features under realistic segmentation variations. By uniting advanced imaging analytics with artificial intelligence, this work contributes a reproducible framework for objective and personalized assessment of KOA. The developed methodology enhances the understanding of tissue-level interactions in joint degeneration and supports the transition toward precision diagnostics and targeted therapeutic strategies in osteoarthritis care.
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
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- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts