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A Historical View of Active Assisted Living
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Colantonio, Sara; Aleksic, Slavisa; Calleja Agius, Jean; Camilleri, Kenneth P.; Čartolovni, Anto; Climent-Pérez, Pau; Cristina, Stefania; Despotovic, Vladimir; Ekenel, Hazım Kemal; Erakin, Mustafa Ekrem; Florez-Revuelta, Francisco; Germanese, Danila; Grech, Nicole; Emirzeoğlu, Murat; Iliev, Ivo; Islind, Anna Sigridur; Jovanovic, Mladan; Kampel, Martin; Kearns, William; Klimczuk, Andrzej; Lambrinos, Lambros; Lumetzberger, Jennifer; Mucha, Wiktor; Noiret, Sophie; Pajalic, Zada; Pérez-Rodríguez, Rodrigo; Petrova, Galidiya; Petrovica-Klavina, Sintija; Počta, Peter; Poli, Angelica; Romanovska, Mara; Salah, Albert Ali; Santofimia, Maria J.; Sigurðardóttir, Steinunn Gróa; Spinsante, Susanna; Stoicu-Tivadar, Lacramioara; Tellioğlu, Hilda; Zgank, Andrej; Department of Computer Science
Active assisted living (AAL) aims to use innovative technologies to create supportive, inclusive, and empowering applications and environments that enable older, impaired or frail people to live independently and stay active longer in society. This chapter provides an introduction to the main concepts of AAL, provides a brief history of the evolution of such technologies, and gives a functional view of how AAL system architecture can be conceptualized. It then provides a taxonomy of AAL technologies and applications, followed by technological underpinnings of audio- and video- based AAL.
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Exploring the Potential of Virtual Agents in Atrial Fibrillation Management : Insights from a Randomized Trial
(Association for Computing Machinery, Inc, 2024-12-26) Fallah, Mina; Bickmore, Timothy; Olafsson, Stefan; Paasche-Orlow, Michael; Mrkva, Andrew Joseph; Magnani, Jared W.; Department of Computer Science
Smartphone-based conversational agents offer a convenient way to deliver health education, particularly for managing complex health conditions such as chronic diseases. The present study explores using a smartphone-based virtual agent system to aid patients with a chronic heart condition-atrial fibrillation-to manage their health by encouraging the use of a heart rhythm sensor integrated with their smartphones. We report the results of a randomized clinical trial with 240 patients experiencing atrial fibrillation who were provided with smartphones and heart rhythm sensors for 4 months. Participants in the intervention group interacted with a virtual agent, while the control group received general health education via the WebMD app. Intervention participants completed a median 91 interactions with the agent over the 4 months of the study period, and agent features designed to increase engagement-such as storytelling-were effective at increasing use. The agent’s promotion of heart rhythm sensor use was effective, with intervention participants taking significantly more heart rhythm readings compared to those in the control group. Participants were followed for 8 months thereafter to assess the sustainability of the effects, specifically focusing on medication adherence.
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Treatment of harmful gambling : a scoping review of United Kingdom-based intervention research
(2024-12) Seel, Christopher J.; Jones, Matthew; Christensen, Darren R.; May, Richard; Hoon, Alice E.; Dymond, Simon; Department of Psychology
Background: Understanding and treating the harm caused by gambling is a growing international psychiatric and public health challenge. Treatment of gambling harm may involve psychological and pharmacological intervention, in conjunction with peer support. This scoping review was conducted to identify, for the first time, the characteristics and extent of United Kingdom (UK) based gambling treatment research. We reviewed studies conducted among people seeking treatment for disordered or harmful gambling in the UK, the settings, research designs, and outcome measures used, and to identify any treatment research gaps. Methods: Systematic searches of PsycInfo, PsycArticles, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were carried out for gambling treatment research or evaluation studies conducted in the UK. Studies were included if they evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention or treatment designed to improve symptoms of harmful or problematic gambling, reported outcomes of interventions on treatment adherence, gambling symptoms, or behaviours using standardised measures, were conducted in the UK, and were published since 2000. Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Four were retrospective chart reviews, two were single-participant case reports, one described a retrospective case series, and one employed a cross-sectional design. None used an experimental design. Conclusion: The limited number of studies included in this review highlights a relative paucity of gambling treatment research conducted in UK settings. Further work should seek to identify potential barriers and obstacles to conducting gambling treatment research in the UK.
Verk
Transition to psychosis during the COVID-19 pandemic : a real-world study of conversion rates in individuals with attenuated psychotic symptoms
(2024-12) Nastro, Federico Fiori; Clemente, Alice; Pelle, Martina; Esposto, Eleonora; Longo, Lucia; Gelormini, Carmine; Ribolsi, Michele; Lorenzo, Giorgio Di; Department of Engineering
Objective The COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread disruptions, affecting healthcare systems, social dynamics, and mental well-being. However, its impact on psychosis remains a subject This study examines psychosis transition rates and associated psychopathology among individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) with attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Methods This retrospective study analyzed 12-month longitudinal data from 27 individuals with APS enrolled from April 2020 to April 2021. The participants’ age was 22.18±3.58 years; fourteen were females; eight reported cannabis use; fourteen resided in urban areas; none had prior or current antipsychotic treatment. The transition to psychosis was assessed using the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS/SOPS) criteria. The Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) was administered at baseline to assess abnormal salience processing. Results After one year, eight subjects (29.63%) transitioned to psychosis. Sociodemographic characteristics and known risk factors of the transition to psychosis, such as cannabis use and urbanicity, did not significantly differ between those who transitioned (Converters) and those who did not (Non-Converters). Baseline ASI scores were significantly higher in Converters. Linear Mixed Model analysis revealed a worsening of symptoms over time in Converters. Conclusions This study evaluated the conversion rate to full-blown psychosis during the COVID-19 pandemic in an Italian cohort of CHR-P, revealing, after one year, a higher psychosis transition rate compared to pre-pandemic levels (approximately 30% vs. 15%). These findings highlight the need for further research into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychosis and the mechanisms underlying these transitions.
Verk
The role of physical activity on obstructive sleep apnea severity and hypoxic load, and the mismatch between subjective and objective physical activity assessments
(2024-12) Fridgeirsdottir, Katrin Y.; Ólafsdóttir, Kristín A.; Islind, Anna Sigridur; Leppänen, Timo; Arnardottir, Erna S.; Saavedra, Jose M.; Department of Engineering; Department of Computer Science; Department of Sport Science
Obesity is the primary risk factor for the development of obstructive sleep apnea, and physical inactivity plays an important role. However, most studies have either only evaluated physical activity subjectively or objectively in obstructive sleep apnea. The objectives of this study were: (i) to assess the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea severity (both apnea–hypopnea index and desaturation parameters) and both objectively and subjectively measured physical activity after adjustment for anthropometry and body composition parameters; and (ii) to assess the relationship between objective and subjective physical activity parameters and whether obstructive sleep apnea severity has a modulatory effect on this relationship. Fifty-four subjects (age 47.7 ± 15.0 years, 46% males) were categorized into groups according to obstructive sleep apnea severity: no obstructive sleep apnea; mild obstructive sleep apnea; and moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea. All subjects were evaluated with subjective and objective physical activity, anthropometric and body composition measurements, and 3-night self-applied polysomnography. A one-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the differences between the three obstructive sleep apnea severity groups and multiple linear regression to predict obstructive sleep apnea severity. Differences in subjectively reported sitting time (p ≤ 0.004) were found between participants with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea, and those with either mild or no obstructive sleep apnea (p = 0.004). Age, body mass index and neck circumference explained 63.3% of the variance in the apnea–hypopnea index, and age, body mass index and visceral adiposity explained 67.8% of the variance in desaturation parameters. The results showed that the person's physical activity does not affect obstructive sleep apnea severity. A weak correlation was found between objective and subjective physical activity measures, which could be relevant for healthcare staff encouraging patients with obstructive sleep apnea to increase their physical activity.

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