Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Error fetching top-level communities
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Mush Disaggregation and Dike Propagation Timescales at Active Volcanoes: Evidence from the 2022–2023 Fagradalsfjall Eruptions
(Oxford University Press, 2025-06) Caracciolo, Alberto; Marshall, Edward W.; Mutch, Euan; Bali, Enikő; Halldórsson, Sæmundur Ari; Matthews, Simon; Sigmarsson, Olgeir; Maclennan, John; Merrill, Heini; Gísladóttir, Bryndís Ýr; Johnson, Sóley M.; Gudmundsson, Gudmundur H; Robin, Jóhann Gunnarsson; Rúnarsdóttir, Rebekka Hlín; Jarðvísindadeild (HÍ); Faculty of Earth Sciences (UI); Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI)
The architectures of magma plumbing systems and timescales of magmatic processes are fundamental to understanding volcanic eruption dynamics. This is especially crucial when investigating the rejuvenation of magma plumbing system that have been dormant for extended periods, as their long-term evolution is poorly understood, making eruption monitoring more challenging. The 2021–2023 Fagradalsfjall eruptions provide a unique perspective on the initial stages and temporal evolution of a basaltic magma plumbing system, since its previous eruptions occurred ~7000 years ago. In this study, we focus on the 2022 and 2023 Fagradalsfjall eruptions, integrating our petrological and geochemical dataset with data from the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption. We show that the 2022 and 2023 Fagradalsfjall eruptions were sourced from a near-Moho magma domain at ~14 km depth, similar to the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption. However, clinopyroxene–melt barometry suggests that the 2022 and 2023 magmas experienced crystallization in an incipient mid-crustal reservoir or during slow ascent within the magma conduit. The 2022 and 2023 Fagradalsfjall lavas show substantially less compositional variation than the 2021 lavas and are dominated by geochemically enriched compositions that became apparent after the first 40 days of the 2021 event. Olivine mesocrysts (100–500 μm in length) and plagioclase macrocrysts (>500 μm in length) constitute two different populations in the crystal cargo. Olivine mesocrysts are interpreted as autocrysts that crystallized from the host magma, whereas the plagioclase crystals, which are out of chemical equilibrium with the host magma, are derived from a crystal mush. Olivine and plagioclase diffusion timescales represent two different processes. Plagioclase diffusion timescales reveal the erosion of crystal mushes, a process that unfolded over the months and days prior to the 2022 and 2023 eruptions. The decreasing duration of these timescales from 2021 to 2023 suggests an increasingly rapid response of the plumbing system to deep melt injections and the progressive shortening of unrest timescales. In contrast, olivine diffusion timescales capture the timing and duration of dike opening and propagation from near-Moho depths, as evidenced by the correlation between their cumulative frequency distribution and pre-seismic activity. Combined geophysical, petrological, and barometric data suggest that the 2022–2023 propagating dikes took significantly longer to traverse the lower crust and reach mid-crustal levels compared to the upper crust, which they breached within a few days through a fully established magma pathway. Our results highlight the importance of deep magmatic processes and the need to improve monitoring methods for detecting the early stages of magma accumulation and dike propagation at active volcanoes in geological settings similar to Iceland.
How close is too close? Mapping the impact area of renewable energy infrastructure on tourism
(Elsevier, 2022-03-22) Tverijonaite, Edita; Sæþórsdóttir, Anna Dóra; Ólafsdóttir, Rannveig; Hall, C. Michael; Líf- og umhverfisvísindadeild (HÍ); Life and Environmental Sciences (UI); Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI)
Estimating the spatial extent of the impacts of renewable energy infrastructure on tourism is crucial for the identification of potential locations of resource use conflict. Such a task, however, is complicated and requires inclusion of social perceptions on the spatial extent of the impacts. This study investigates perceptions of the tourism industry in Iceland regarding the impact area of existing and proposed energy projects on tourism and analyses the factors affecting its size and shape. It is based on semi-structured interviews with tourism service providers, during which participants mapped their perceived impact areas using participatory mapping software. The results revealed that the reasoning affecting the perceived spatial extent of the impacts falls into three categories: visibility of renewable energy infrastructure and related environmental impacts; tourist mobility; and changes in tourism due to energy projects. Moreover, the impacts of the proposed energy projects were perceived as more negative compared to existing ones. Energy projects were considered less suitable in wilderness areas, which were defined by the tourism service providers as an important resource for nature-based tourism, but more acceptable in developed areas. Thus, the spatial extent of the impacts and the compatibility of renewable energy infrastructure with tourism highly depend on changes in place meanings and tourism processes brought by energy infrastructure as well as affected elements of tourism networks. This emphasizes the importance of including tourism stakeholder perceptions and knowledge into the early stages of energy planning to ensure sustainable development of both the tourism and energy industries.
The interrelationships between renewable energy infrastructure and tourism: A thematic literature review
(Elsevier, 2024-09-28) Tverijonaite, Edita; Sæþórsdóttir, Anna Dóra; Ólafsdóttir, Rannveig; Hall, H. Michael; Líf- og umhverfisvísindadeild (HÍ); Life and Environmental Sciences (UI); Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI)
Increasing demand for renewable energy and rapid tourism growth point to the need for a better overview of the factors affecting the compatibility of renewable energy infrastructure (REI) with tourism. This study aims to systematically review existing research on the interrelationships between REI and tourism, to identify their type and character and the factors affecting them, and to critically discuss planning and policy implications. Analysis of 61 original articles published in international peer-reviewed journals revealed opportunities for synergic relationships, but also showed REI can negatively impact tourist experience, leading to reduced tourism demand and economic loss. Three groups of factors shaping the interrelationships between REI and tourism
were identified: (1) factors related to REI, (2) locational factors, and (3) factors related to tourism stakeholders. These factors should be considered while planning REI developments to ensure sustainable coexistence with tourism, but their role highly depends on the context surrounding each REI project. The findings highlight the importance of tourism stakeholder inclusion through participatory approaches in the early stages of renewable energy planning to ensure the identification and potential preservation of resources crucial for tourism.
Molecular Motors and Chiral Media
(University of Iceland, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Physical Sciences, 2025-12) Tambovtsev, Ivan; Hannes Jónsson; Raunvísindadeild (HÍ); Faculty of Physical Sciences (UI); Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI)
Light-driven second-generation molecular motors offer a route to controllable nanoscale motion and energy conversion. This dissertation applies established electronic-structure methods to quantify and tune their photophysical and kinetic properties, with emphasis on both the optical absorption that initiates rotation, characterized using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), and the thermal steps that set the overall timescale of rotation. The limitations of standard TDDFT for complex, multi-chromophoric systems are also assessed, validating a time-independent orbital-optimized approach for systems featuring coupled chromophores and spatially separated excitations. Minimum-energy paths are obtained with the climbing-image nudged elastic band method using energy and atomic forces coming from density functional theory calculations, and rate constants are estimated via harmonic transition state theory.Two general substitution patterns emerge across representative overcrowded-alkene scaffolds. Replacing the methyl group at the stereogenic center by bulkier or more electronegative substituents such as trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, tert-butyl, or fully fluorinated tert-butyl consistently increases the rotational speed and often enlarges the spectral separation between stable and metastable states, improving selective photo-addressability. In contrast, replacing hydrogen at the stereogenic center by fluorine or chlorine slows down the rotation, narrows the spectral gap, and can even alter the reaction mechanism by favoring a competing pathway. Across all systems studied, barrier shifts dominate the kinetics while the prefactor does not change much.These results establish simple chemical rules for controlling the timescale and spectral properties of molecular motors through targeted substitution. Beyond benchmarking motor–motor comparisons, these guidelines support the design of responsive materials, including motor-doped cholesteric liquid crystals, where light-controlled actuation, reconfigurable photonics, and the transport of chiral textures - which are shown to be governed by attractive and anisotropic inter-soliton forces - become accessible. The unified workflow from density functional theory to minimum-energy paths and harmonic transition state theory provides a practical route to predict and optimize motor performance in diverse materials contexts.
AI in Academia: Student Voices and the Quest for Authenticity in a Changing Educational Landscape
(2025-11-27) Jóhannesdóttir, Sigurbjörg; Schram, Ásta Bryndís; Faculty of Sociology, Anthropology and Folkloristics; Health Sciences
Eftir því sem gervigreind (AI) er í auknum mæli samþætt háskólamenntun, verður sífellt mikilvægara að skilja hvernig nemendur upplifa þessi verkfæri og nota þau. Þessi forrannsókn skoðar reynslu meistaranema af notkun gervigreindar í námsverkefnum við háskóla á Íslandi, með það að markmiði að styðja við gerð spurningalista fyrir alla nemendur skólans. Tólf nemendur tóku þátt í forprófun könnunarinnar, sem innihélt bæði fullyrðingar metnar á Likert-kvarða og eigindlegar spurningar. Nemendur lýstu notkun sinni á gervigreindartólum við verkefni á borð við hugmyndavinnu, samantektir og uppsetningu ritgerða. Flestir lýstu jákvæðri afstöðu og nefndu kosti eins og tímasparnað, aukna sköpunargleði og stuðning við gagnrýna hugsun. Hins vegar komu einnig fram siðferðilegar áhyggjur, meðal annars um áreiðanleika upplýsinga frá gervigreindarverkfærum, áhættu fyrir persónuvernd og samfélagsleg áhrif hraðrar þróunar gervigreindar. Ábendingar nemenda nýttust beint við endurbætur á spurningalista til að tryggja skýrleika og tengingu við raunverulega reynslu. Auk þess voru gervigreindarverkfæri notuð við þróun og yfirferð spurningalistans, sem sýnir tvíþætt hlutverk þeirra í þátttökumiðaðri, aðlögunarhæfri rannsóknarhönnun. Rannsóknin undirstrikar mikilvægi þess að menntanýjungar byggi á sjónarmiðum nemenda, þannig að gervigreind styðji við en leysi ekki af hólmi ekta námsupplifun. Hún kallar á skýrar leiðbeiningar og opna umræðu um hlutverk gervigreindar í síbreytilegu fræðilegu samhengi.