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Negative Life events, Identity, and Life Satisfaction in Adolescents : International Society for Research on Identity
(2017) Balducci, K.; Davison, K.; Smith, M. L.; Mann, M. J.; Kristjansson, A. L.; Department of Psychology
Verk
Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and Scholastic Achievement in 4th, 7th and 10th grade: Evidence from the LIFECOURSE Cohort Study
(2017) Kristjansson, AL.; Thorisdottir, IE.; Steingrimsdottir, T.; Allegrante, JP.; Lilly, CL.; Sigfusdottir, ID.; Department of Psychology
Verk
Cumulative Risk over the Early Life Course and its Relations to Academic Achievement in Childhood and Early Adolescence
(2017) Ragnarsdottir, LD.; Kristjansson, AL.; Thorisdottir, IE.; Allegrante, JP.; Valdimarsdottir, HB.; Gestsdottir, S.; Id., Sigfusdottir; Department of Psychology
Verk
Needs Assessment of Child and Adolescent Physical Activity Opportunities in Rural West Virginia: The McDowell CHOICES planning effort
(2015) Kristjansson, AL.; Elliott, E.; Bulger, S.; Jones, E.; Taliaferro, AR.; Neal, W.; Department of Psychology
Verk
Simulation studies of Hopfions in atomistic spin systems
(University of Iceland, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Physical Sciences; RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, 2026) Sallermann, Moritz; Hannes Jónsson; Faculty of Physical Sciences (UI); Raunvísindadeild (HÍ); Department of Mathematics (RWTH-AU); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI); Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ); Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences (RWTH-AU)
The main protagonists of this thesis, magnetic Hopfions, are threedimensional topological solitons characterized by the Hopf invariant, a quantity that measures the linking number of pre-images of constant magnetization within magnetic textures. These intriguing solitons appear as local, spatially compact, energy minima in bulk magnetic materials featuring competing exchange interactions, making them ideal candidates for exploring fundamental physical phenomena as well as potential building blocks for advanced spintronic devices. However, determining their practical stability and viability in technological applications necessitates an in-depth analysis of their decay mechanisms, especially in environments subject to thermal fluctuations. In this thesis, we employ an atomistic spin lattice model, concretely a Heisenberg model with competing exchange interactions, to describe the Hopfion, which we investigate by means of atomistic spin dynamics. In particular, we employ harmonic transition state theory (HTST), a powerful and computationally efficient framework, to rigorously assess the lifetime and decay dynamics of Hopfions. We further extend the conventional HTST approach – as commonly applied to spin systems where only magnetization precession over the transition state is considered – by explicitly incorporating thermal crossings of the transition state. This extension provides a more complete and physically accurate description of thermally activated decay processes, accounting not only for precessional dynamics but also for thermal fluctuations enabling magnetization states to cross the saddle region, thus improving lifetime predictions. A fundamental example where this contribution is, perhaps, felt the most is the reversal of a single spin under the influence of uniaxial anisotropy (think of a hard ferromagnet) – where conventional HTST fails to predict any rate at all. To accurately quantify these dynamics, we implement computational techniques such as the geodesic nudged elastic band (GNEB) method combined with an adapted dimer method, enabling precise identification of transition states and corresponding energy barriers associated with Hopfion decay. Following common methodology, we locate first-order saddle points on an energy landscape, representing critical states where decay occurs via the nucleation and subsequent propagation of Bloch points. Our investigations reveal a clear dependence of Hopfion stability on their size, relative to the underlying lattice structure, demonstrating that larger Hopfions generally exhibit increased robustness against decay. Moreover, this research explicitly addresses several critical technical challenges inherent to the computational methods employed. These include (i) the accurate treatment and interpretation of Goldstone modes, which emerge due to inherent symmetry properties of the Hopfion configurations, and (ii) the computational complexity associated with evaluating sparse positive-definite determinants, which is essential for determining entropic pre-factors. By resolving these challenges, our study not only provides quantitative predictions of Hopfion lifetimes but also offers qualitative insights into the interplay between energy and entropy in these topological systems. Through this comprehensive theoretical and numerical analysis, the work presented in this thesis significantly advances the understanding of the fundamental principles governing Hopfion stability.

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