Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Nýlega bætt við
Let’s Talk about Sex... and ADHD : Findings from an Anonymous Online Survey
(2023-02) Young, Susan; Klassen, Larry J.; Reitmeier, Shayne D.; Matheson, Jake D.; Gudjonsson, Gisli H.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. A dearth of studies have investigated psychosexuality in this population, often with few (predominantly male) participants. We recruited individuals with and without ADHD via an anonymous online survey distributed electronically by ADHD support organizations and social media. We investigated sexual history; interests and practices; and relationships. Of 1392 respondents, we classified an ‘ADHD’ group (n = 541; 30.5% male) and compared them to individuals of similar ages without ADHD, (‘Other’ group; n = 851; 37.6% male). The ADHD group (both males and females) had a significantly higher preference for same-sex or either-sex partners; and higher rates of electronic sexual exchanges, masturbation, and sexually transmitted diseases. They were more adventurous in sexual interests and practices and substantially less satisfied with their partners, both sexually and generally. Within the ADHD group, significant sex differences emerged: females had younger onset of sexual activities, used contraception less frequently, had more sexual partners and practiced more infidelity. Sexual interests differed between the sexes, but females more commonly acted on them, whereas males did not. Findings suggest both sexes engage in risky sexual behaviors, perhaps driven by impulsivity, but risk is substantially greater for females with ADHD.
Hunger effects on option quality for hedonic and utilitarian food products
(2023-01) Otterbring, Tobias; Folwarczny, Michał; Gidlöf, Kerstin; Department of Business and Economics
Multiple studies have examined the extent to which consumers’ hunger levels predict their food choices and preference patterns. These investigations often involve making binary choices between hedonic foods (e.g., ice cream) that primarily serve to provide sensory pleasure, and utilitarian foods (e.g., bread) that mainly fulfill functional purposes. However, most consumers entering a grocery store are not restricted to solely selecting either hedonic or utilitarian foods. Rather, they typically choose both hedonic and utilitarian food options. Moreover, little is known about the effects of hunger on consumers’ option quality (i.e., the degree of match between actual food choices and stated preferences) or their cognitive performance in food contexts. To address these gaps, the current study explored (1) whether experimentally induced hunger (vs. satiation) influences the option quality of consumers’ chosen food items; (2) whether this potential interplay is contingent on the food category (hedonic vs. utilitarian); and (3) whether hungry (vs. satiated) consumers’ performance may differ on cognitively challenging tasks. The results revealed that hunger did not lead to a generalized decrease in consumers’ option quality. However, option quality was inferior for utilitarian—but not hedonic—foods among hungry consumers, whereas no such differences were found for satiated consumers. Hungry (vs. satiated) consumers also performed significantly worse on cognitively demanding tasks, underscoring the far-reaching consequences of hunger on consumers’ decision-making. Further research should test the generalizability of these results in ecologically valid settings, such as in actual supermarkets.
Digital Therapeutic Intervention for Women in the UK Armed Forces Who Consume Alcohol at a Hazardous or Harmful Level : Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
(2023-01) Williamson, Grace; Carr, Ewan; Fear, Nicola T.; Dymond, Simon; King, Kate; Simms, Amos; Goodwin, Laura; Murphy, Dominic; Leightley, Daniel; Department of Psychology
Background: Alcohol misuse is common in the United Kingdom Armed Forces (UKAF), with prevalence significantly higher than in the general population. To date, digital health initiatives to support alcohol misuse have focused on male individuals, who represent approximately 89% of the UKAF. However, female veterans drink disproportionally more than female members of the public. Objective: This 2-arm participant-blinded (single-blinded) confirmatory randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to assess the efficacy of a brief alcohol intervention (DrinksRation) in reducing weekly self-reported alcohol consumption between baseline and a 3-month follow-up (day 84) among women who have served in the UKAF. Methods: In this 2-arm single-blinded RCT, a smartphone app that includes interactive user-focused features tailored toward the needs of female veterans and designed to enhance participants' motivations to reduce the amount of alcohol they consume is compared with the UK Chief Medical Officer guidance on alcohol consumption. The trial will be conducted among women who have served at least 1 day of paid service in the UKAF. Recruitment, consent, and data collection will be carried out automatically through the DrinksRation app or the BeAlcoholSmart platform. The primary outcome is change in self-reported weekly alcohol consumption between baseline (day 0) and the 3-month follow-up (day 84) measured using the Timeline Follow Back for alcohol consumption. The secondary outcome is the change in the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score measured at baseline and 3-month follow-up between the control and intervention groups. The process evaluation measures include (1) app use and (2) usability ratings as measured by the mHealth App Usability Questionnaire. Results: RCT recruitment will begin in January 2024 and last for 5 months. We aim to complete all data collection, including interviews, by May 2024. Conclusions: This study will assess whether a smartphone app tailored to the needs of women who have served in the UKAF is efficacious in reducing self-reported alcohol consumption. If successful, the digital therapeutics platform could be used not only to support women who have served in the UKAF but also for other conditions and disorders.
An experiment generates a specified mean strained rate turbulent flow : Dynamics of particles
(2023-01) Hassanian, R.; Helgadóttir; Bouhlali, Lahcen; Riedel, M.
This study aimed to simulate straining turbulent flow empirically, having direct similarities with vast naturally occurring flows and engineering applications. The flow was generated in 100 < R e λ < 500 and seeded with passive and inertial particles. Lagrangian particle tracking and particle image velocimetry were employed to extract the dynamics of particle statistics and flow features, respectively. The studies for axisymmetric straining turbulent flow reported that the strain rate, flow geometry, and gravity affect particle statistics. To practically investigate mentioned effects in the literature, we present the behavior of both passive and inertial particles from the novel experiment conducted on initially homogeneous turbulence undergoing a sudden axisymmetric expansion. We represent the result with two different mean strains and Reynolds-Taylor microscales. However, this study, in contrast to the previous studies, considers the fields of inertial particles in the presence of gravity. The result discloses that the novel designed and conducted experiments simulated the flow satisfactorily. Then, the particle behavior in such flow showed the effectiveness of the flow distortion on particle dynamics such as velocity root mean square and Reynolds stress. Straining turbulence flow is subject to many industrial applications and physics studies, such as stagnation points, external flow around an airfoil, internal flow in changeable cross section pipe, expansion in the engine mixing chamber, and leading edge erosion. This study's conclusion could apply constructively to these areas.
Use and acceptance of voice assistants among people with aphasia in Germany
(2023) Núñez Macías, Naizeth; Department of Computer Science
Aphasia is an acquired disorder that affects the ability to communicate. The increasing availability of voice assistants (such as Amazon Alexa or Google Assistant) provides new opportunities to support people with aphasia in a variety of tasks, from everyday communication to speech and language therapy exercises. To ensure accessibility and acceptance, it is important to involve people with aphasia in the development process. Using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) as a theoretical framework, this study examines their willingness to use voice assistants and explores which potential applications they consider useful for participation in social and cultural contexts. These questions were addressed through a survey. Eight people with aphasia took part in the study. Although the sample size does not allow for statistical analysis, the results provide valuable insights for further research. Most of the participants showed a general interest in using voice assistants, two of them were already users. The presence of physical limitations motivates the use of speech-based technology. Participants who already used voice assistants saw them as a practical support in everyday life, while non-users had lower expectations in this respect. Social influence was found to play an important role. Participants' perceptions of privacy and data security issues varied and do not allow for generalization. Finally, some participants showed a preference for communication support applications (e.g., word finding, sentence formation, grammar support) over applications used for therapy exercises such as word training.
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
Veldu flokk til að skoða.
- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts