Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Nýlega bætt við
The future within : Commitment, hope, and values in entrepreneurship
(2025-06) Dimov, Dimo; Johnsen, Christian Garmann; Sørensen, Bent Meier; Department of Business and Economics
This paper provides philosophical foundations for understanding the future as an internal space for entrepreneurial aspirations. Our argument is laid out in three premises. First, the beliefs underpinning conceptions of the future are best seen as hinge commitments, not subject to rational critique. Second, hope generates the power to make new beginnings and thus enable the pursuit of different futures. Third, the pull of a different future is enabled by the creation of new values that can act as a compass for its pursuit. By engaging with the existential side of the entrepreneurial pursuit of imagined futures, our work aims to expand our scholarly activity.
Temporal and sleep stage-dependent agreement in manual scoring of respiratory events
(2025-06) Pitkänen, Minna; Pitkänen, Henna; Nath, Rajdeep Kumar; Nikkonen, Sami; Kainulainen, Samu; Korkalainen, Henri; Ólafsdóttir, Kristín Anna; Arnardottir, Erna Sif; Sigurdardottir, Sigridur; Penzel, Thomas; Fanfulla, Francesco; Anttalainen, Ulla; Saaresranta, Tarja; Grote, Ludger; Hedner, Jan; Staats, Richard; Töyräs, Juha; Leppänen, Timo; Department of Engineering
Obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis is based on the manual scoring of respiratory events. The agreement in the manual scoring of the respiratory events lacks an in-depth investigation as most of the previous studies reported only the apnea–hypopnea index or overall agreement, and not temporal, second-by-second or event subtype agreement. We hypothesized the temporal and subtype agreement to be low because the event duration or subtypes are not generally considered in current clinical practice. The data comprised 50 polysomnography recordings scored by 10 experts. The respiratory event agreement between the scorers was calculated using kappa statistics in a second-by-second manner. Obstructive sleep apnea severity categories (no obstructive sleep apnea/mild/moderate/severe) were compared between scorers. The Fleiss' kappa value for binary (event/no event) respiratory event scorings was 0.32. When calculated separately within N1, N2, N3 and R, the Fleiss' kappa values were 0.12, 0.23, 0.22 and 0.23, respectively. Binary analysis conducted separately for the event subtypes showed the highest Fleiss' kappa for hypopneas to be 0.26. In 34% of the participants, the obstructive sleep apnea severity category was the same regardless of the scorer, whereas in the rest of the participants the category changed depending on the scorer. Our findings indicate that the agreement of manual scoring of respiratory events depends on the event type and sleep stage. The manual scoring has discrepancies, and these differences affect the obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis. This is an alarming finding, as ultimately these differences in the scorings affect treatment decisions.
Impacts of Consumers’ Heterogeneity on Decision-Making in Electric Vehicle Adoption : An Integrated Model
(2025-06) Xu, Wen; Harris, Irina; Li, Jin; Wells, Peter; Foxall, Gordon; Department of Business and Economics
Understanding consumer heterogeneity is crucial for analysing attitude formation and its role in innovation diffusion. Traditional top-down models struggle to reflect the nuanced characteristics and activities of the consumer population, while bottom-up approaches like agent-based modelling (ABM) offer the ability to simulate individual decision-making in social networks. However, current ABM applications often lack a strong theoretical foundation. This study introduces a novel, theory-driven ABM framework to examine the heterogeneity of consumer attitude formation, focusing on electric vehicle (EV) adoption across consumer segments. The model incorporates non-linear decision-making rules grounded in established consumer theories, incorporating Rogers’s Diffusion of Innovations, Social Influence Theory, and Theory of Planned Behaviour. The consumer agents are characterised using UK empirical data, and are segmented into early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards. Social interactions and attitude formation are simulated, micro-validated, and optimised using supervised machine learning (SML) approaches. The results reveal that early adopters and early majority are highly responsive to social influences, environmental beliefs, and external events such as the pandemic and the war conflict in performing pro-EV attitudes. In contrast, late majority and laggards show more stable or delayed responses. These findings provide actionable insights for targeting segments to enhance EV adoption strategies.
Scattering and Absorption Imaging of the Hengill High-Temperature Geothermal Area, Southwest Iceland
(2025-05) Napolitano, Ferdinando; De Siena, Luca; Amoroso, Ortensia; Ágústsdóttir, Thorbjörg; Benediktsdóttir, Ásdís; Palo, Mauro; Hjörleifsdóttir, Vala; Capuano, Paolo; Department of Engineering
We applied 3D scattering and absorption imaging to the Hengill volcanic area (southwest Iceland), where high-enthalpy geothermal reservoirs are presently harnessed. These techniques have shown the potential for detecting magmatic intrusions and fluid reservoirs in volcanic regions. Here, we target seismic scattering and absorption as proxies of the elastic and anelastic properties of the crust to understand their potential in areas of geothermal energy extraction. The harnessed Nesjavellir geothermal field was used as a benchmark to extend interpretation into non-harnessed areas and provide better insight when evaluating exploitable geo-resources. Shallow, high-scattering anomalies mark the sub-vertical Hengill fissure swarm. Deeper low-scattering volumes likely highlight sub-horizontal magmatic intrusions beneath the Hengill central volcano, whose less fractured volume acts as a barrier for the surrounding seismicity. At Nesjavellir, high absorption co-located with high scattering volumes spatially correlates with previously detected high Vp/Vs volumes, suggesting the existence of fluid- and/or melt-filled complex seismically active networks of faults and fractures. Our results suggest the presence of geothermal reservoirs in non-harnessed areas (Mosfellsheiði and Ölkelduháls) shown by similar high-absorption anomalies at depths comparable with the Nesjavellir geothermal resource. Scattering and absorption imaging complement more standard imaging techniques, improving interpretation in geothermal resource exploration.
Effects of exercise and a lifestyle app on sleep disordered breathing, physical health and quality of life
(2025-05) Fridgeirsdottir, Katrin Y.; Murphy, Conor J.; Islind, Anna Sigridur; Árnadóttir, Birta S.; Hrubos-Strøm, Harald; Arnardottir, Erna S.; Saavedra, Jose M.; Department of Engineering; Department of Computer Science; Department of Sport Science
Background Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a growing public health problem, and noninvasive treatments may be a valid option. The objective of this randomised controlled trial was to assess the effects of a 12-week exercise programme and a lifestyle app on SDB severity, physical health (anthropometry, body composition, physical fitness) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in 18-to 50-year-old adults with mild-to-moderate SDB. Methods 192 participants (age 37.4±6.3 years, body mass index (BMI) 33.3±4.2 kg·m−2, 52.6% males) with mild-to-moderate SDB (apnoea–hypopnea index (AHI) ⩾5<30.0, objective snore ⩾10%) were randomised into: exercise (three times/week, 60 min), app and control groups. The assessments included a 3-night self-applied polysomnography, anthropometry, body composition, physical fitness and HRQoL. Repeated ANOVA, Wilcoxon signed-rank and Kruskal–Wallis test were used to evaluate the changes. Results Time effect was observed in AHI (F=6.290, p=0.014), neck circumference (F=5.253, p=0.024), hand dynamometry (F=7.102, p=0.009), and 6-min walking test (F=8.340, p=0.005). Group × time interactions were observed in weight (F=9.318, p⩽0.001), BMI (F=9.302, p⩽0.001), body fat percentage (F=4.756, p=0.01), body fat mass (F=5.916, p=0.004) and skeletal muscle mass (F=9.380, p⩽0.001). Intragroup changes were observed in physical functioning, vitality and general health in both the exercise and app groups, in addition to role limitations due to physical health in the exercise group. Conclusions The 12-week exercise programme reduced AHI and increased skeletal muscle mass, physical fitness and HRQoL in four domains. The lifestyle app programme reduced weight, BMI, neck circumference, body fat, visceral adiposity and skeletal muscle mass while increased three HRQoL domains in participants with mild-to-moderate SDB.
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
Veldu flokk til að skoða.
- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts