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Adolescent caffeine use and problematic school behavior : A longitudinal analysis of student survey data and teacher observations
(2024-12) Kristjansson, Alfgeir L.; Lilly, Christa L.; Mann, Michael J.; Smith, Megan L.; Kogan, Steven M.; Layman, Hannah M.; James, Jack E.; Department of Psychology
Introduction: Caffeine is a psychostimulant possessing arousal, motor activation, and reinforcing properties, which is consumed daily by most adolescents aged 12–19 years. Although current understanding of the implications of adolescent caffeine consumption for school behaviors remains incomplete, studies have shown that in addition to acute effects of the drug, in common with other habit-forming psychoactive substances, regular use leads to physical dependence, evidenced by recurring negative withdrawal symptoms. Methods: Employing two waves of longitudinal data, we tested the prospective association between daily caffeine use and homeroom teacher-observed self-control and problem behavior in a sample of middle-school students in 20 schools in West Virginia in the United States. Caffeine was operationalized with two dichotomized variables, daily consumption of <100 mg, and daily consumption of >100 mg, versus no daily use. Gender, mother's education, family financial status, social support by primary caregiver and adults in school, and school climate, were applied as covariates in linear mixed models. Results: Daily caffeine use of >100 mg was robustly and inversely associated with self-control and positively associated with problem behavior. Conclusions: Caffeine consumption and associated withdrawal symptoms may be an important factor in problematic school behavior among adolescents. Recent advent of highly concentrated caffeine products (e.g., caffeine “shots”) commonly marketed directly at youth, should give rise to concerns including consideration about limiting caffeine consumption among children and youth.
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Enhancing perceptual, attentional, and working memory demands through variable practice schedules : Insights from high-density EEG multi-scale analyses
(2024-11-01) Cretton, Alexandre; Schipper, Kate; Hassan, Mahmoud; Ruggeri, Paolo; Barral, Jerôme
Contextual interference (CI) enhances learning by practicing motor tasks in a random order rather than a blocked order. One hypothesis suggests that the benefits arise from enhanced early perceptual/attentional processes, while another posits that better learning is due to highly activated mnemonic processes. We used high-density electroencephalography in a multi-scale analysis approach, including topographic analyses, source estimations, and functional connectivity, to examine the intertwined dynamics of attentional and mnemonic processes within short time windows. We recorded scalp activity from 35 participants as they performed an aiming task at three different distances, under both random and blocked conditions using a crossover design. Our results showed that topographies associated with processes related to perception/attention (N1, P3a) and working memory (P3b) were more pronounced in the random condition. Source estimation analyses supported these findings, revealing greater involvement of the perceptual ventral pathway, anterior cingulate and parietal cortices, along with increased functional connectivity in ventral alpha and frontoparietal theta band networks during random practice. Our results suggest that CI is driven, in the random compared to the blocked condition, by enhanced specific processes such as perceptual, attentional, and working memory processes, as well as large-scale functional networks sustaining more general attentional and executive processes.
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Renewal of threat expectancy in an online contextual avoidance paradigm
(2024-11) Zuj, Daniel V.; Cameron, Gemma; Quigley, Martyn; Dymond, Simon; Department of Psychology
Extinction of fear and avoidance is not permanent and can return following contextual changes (termed renewal). The aim of the current study was to investigate the renewal of avoidance, threat expectancy, and fear ratings in an online avoidance task administered during the COVID-19 pandemic. One-hundred and two participants completed a task consisting of habituation, threat conditioning, avoidance conditioning, extinction with response prevention, and renewal. Tests for renewal occurred either in the original conditioning context (ABA, n = 52) or the extinction context (ABB, n = 50). Images of a quiet and a busy street served as relevant contexts. Renewal was evident whereby the ABA group showed a significant increase in threat expectancy when tested in the conditioning context, which had not been extinguished. This effect was not found for avoidance or fear ratings, nor for the ABB group who underwent the renewal test in the extinction context. The current study demonstrated differential renewal of threat expectancy in an online contextual avoidance paradigm.
Verk
Exposure and connectedness to natural environments : An examination of the measurement invariance of the Nature Exposure Scale (NES) and Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups
(2024-11) Swami, Viren; White, Mathew P.; Voracek, Martin; Tran, Ulrich S.; Aavik, Toivo; Ranjbar, Hamed Abdollahpour; Adebayo, Sulaiman Olanrewaju; Afhami, Reza; Ahmed, Oli; Aimé, Annie; Akel, Marwan; Al Halbusi, Hussam; Alexias, George; Ali, Khawla F.; Alp-Dal, Nursel; Alsalhani, Anas B.; Álvarez-Solas, Sara; Soares Amaral, Ana Carolina; Andrianto, Sonny; Aspden, Trefor; Argyrides, Marios; Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R.; Atkin, Stephen; Ayandele, Olusola; Baceviciene, Migle; Bahbouh, Radvan; Ballesio, Andrea; Barron, David; Bellard, Ashleigh; Bender, Sóley Sesselja; Beydaǧ, Kerime Derya; Birovljević, Gorana; Blackburn, Marie Ève; Borja-Alvarez, Teresita; Borowiec, Joanna; Bozogáňová, Miroslava; Bratland-Sanda, Solfrid; Browning, Matthew H.E.M.; Brytek-Matera, Anna; Burakova, Marina; Çakır-Koçak, Yeliz; Camacho, Pablo; Camilleri, Vittorio Emanuele; Cazzato, Valentina; Cerea, Silvia; Chaiwutikornwanich, Apitchaya; Chaleeraktrakoon, Trawin; Chambers, Tim; Chen, Qing Wei; Chen, Xin; Chien, Chin Lung; Chobthamkit, Phatthanakit; Choompunuch, Bovornpot; Compte, Emilio J.; Corrigan, Jennifer; Cosmas, Getrude; Cowden, Richard G.; Czepczor-Bernat, Kamila; Czub, Marcin; Roberto da Silva, Wanderson; Dadfar, Mahboubeh; Dalley, Simon E.; Dany, Lionel; Datu, Jesus Alfonso D.; Berbert de Carvalho, Pedro Henrique; Lins de Holanda Coelho, Gabriel; De Jesus, Avila Odia S.; Debbabi, Sonia Harzallah; Dhakal, Sandesh; Di Bernardo, Francesca; Dimitrova, Donka D.; Dion, Jacinthe; Dixson, Barnaby; Donofrio, Stacey M.; Drysch, Marius; Du, Hongfei; Dzhambov, Angel M.; El-Jor, Claire; Enea, Violeta; Eskin, Mehmet; Farbod, Farinaz; Farrugia, Lorleen; Fian, Leonie; Fisher, Maryanne L.; Folwarczny, Michał; Frederick, David A.; Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew; Furnham, Adrian; García, Antonio Alías; Geller, Shulamit; Ghisi, Marta; Ghorbani, Alireza; Gomez Martinez, Maria Angeles; Gradidge, Sarah; Graf, Sylvie; Grano, Caterina; Gyene, Gyöngyvér; Hallit, Souheil; Hamdan, Motasem; Handelzalts, Jonathan E.; Hanel, Paul H.P.; Hawks, Steven R.; Hekmati, Issa; Helmy, Mai; Hill, Tetiana; Hina, Farah; Holenweger, Geraldine; Hřebíčková, Martina; Ijabadeniyi, Olasupo Augustine; Imam, Asma; İnce, Başak; Irrazabal, Natalia; Jankauskiene, Rasa; Jiang, Ding Yu; Jiménez-Borja, Micaela; Jiménez-Borja, Verónica; Johnson, Evan M.; Jovanović, Veljko; Jović, Marija; Jović, Marko; Pereira Junqueira, Alessandra Costa; Kahle, Lisa Marie; Kantanista, Adam; Karakiraz, Ahmet; Karkin, Ayşe Nur; Kasten, Erich; Khatib, Salam; Khieowan, Nuannut; Kimong, Patricia Joseph; Kiropoulos, Litza; Knittel, Joshua; Kohli, Neena; Koprivnik, Mirjam; Kospakov, Aituar; Król-Zielińska, Magdalena; Krug, Isabel; Kuan, Garry; Kueh, Yee Cheng; Kujan, Omar; Kukić, Miljana; Kumar, Sanjay; Kumar, Vipul; Lamba, Nishtha; Lauri, Mary Anne; Laus, Maria Fernanda; LeBlanc, Liza April; Lee, Hyejoo J.; Lipowska, Małgorzata; Lipowski, Mariusz; Lombardo, Caterina; Lukács, Andrea; Maïano, Christophe; Malik, Sadia; Manjary, Mandar; Baldó, Lidia Márquez; Martinez-Banfi, Martha; Massar, Karlijn; Matera, Camilla; McAnirlin, Olivia; Mebarak, Moisés Roberto; Mechri, Anwar; Filgueiras Meireles, Juliana Fernandes; Mesko, Norbert; Mills, Jacqueline; Miyairi, Maya; Modi, Ritu; Modrzejewska, Adriana; Modrzejewska, Justyna; Mulgrew, Kate E.; Myers, Taryn A.; Namatame, Hikari; Nassani, Mohammad Zakaria; Nerini, Amanda; Neto, Félix; Neto, Joana; Neves, Angela Nogueira; Ng, Siu Kuen; Nithiya, Devi; O, Jiaqing; Obeid, Sahar; Oda-Montecinos, Camila; Olapegba, Peter Olamakinde; Olonisakin, Tosin Tunrayo; Omar, Salma Samir; Örlygsdóttir, Brynja; Özsoy, Emrah; Otterbring, Tobias; Pahl, Sabine; Panasiti, Maria Serena; Park, Yonguk; Patwary, Muhammad Mainuddin; Pethö, Tatiana; Petrova, Nadezhda; Pietschnig, Jakob; Pourmahmoud, Sadaf; Prabhu, Vishnunarayan Girishan; Poštuvan, Vita; Prokop, Pavol; Ramseyer Winter, Virginia L.; Razmus, Magdalena; Ru, Taotao; Rupar, Mirjana; Sahlan, Reza N.; Hassan, Mohammad Salah; Šalov, Anđela; Sapkota, Saphal; Sarfo, Jacob Owusu; Sawamiya, Yoko; Schaefer, Katrin; Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Michael; Seekis, Veya; Selvi, Kerim; Sharifi, Mehdi; Shrivastava, Anita; Siddique, Rumana Ferdousi; Sigurdsson, Valdimar; Silkane, Vineta; Šimunić, Ana; Singh, Govind; Slezáčková, Alena; Sundgot-Borgen, Christine; Hoor, Gill Ten; Tevichapong, Passagorn; Tipandjan, Arun; Todd, Jennifer; Togas, Constantinos; Tonini, Fernando; Tovar-Castro, Juan Camilo; Jepsen Trangsrud, Lise Katrine; Tripathi, Pankaj; Tudorel, Otilia; Tylka, Tracy L.; Uyzbayeva, Anar; Vally, Zahir; Vanags, Edmunds; Vega, Luis Diego; Vicente-Arruebarrena, Aitor; Vidal-Mollón, Jose; Vilar, Roosevelt; Villegas, Hyxia; Vintilă, Mona; Wallner, Christoph; Whitebridge, Simon; Windhager, Sonja; Wong, Kah Yan; Yau, Eric Kenson; Yamamiya, Yuko; Lan Yeung, Victoria Wai; Zanetti, Marcelo Callegari; Zawisza, Magdalena; Zeeni, Nadine; Zvaríková, Martina; Stieger, Stefan; Department of Business and Economics
Detachment from nature is contributing to the environmental crisis and reversing this trend requires detailed monitoring and targeted interventions to reconnect people to nature. Most tools measuring nature exposure and attachment were developed in high-income countries and little is known about their robustness across national and linguistic groups. Therefore, we used data from the Body Image in Nature Survey to assess measurement invariance of the Nature Exposure Scale (NES) and the Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). While multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) of the NES supported full scalar invariance across gender identities and age groups, only partial scalar invariance was supported across national and linguistic groups. MG-CFA of the CNS also supported full scalar invariance across gender identities and age groups, but only partial scalar invariance of a 7-item version of the CNS across national and linguistic groups. Nation-level associations between NES and CNS scores were negligible, likely reflecting a lack of conceptual clarity over what the NES is measuring. Individual-level associations between both measures and sociodemographic variables were weak. Findings suggest that the CNS-7 may be a useful tool to measure nature connectedness globally, but measures other than the NES may be needed to capture nature exposure cross-culturally.
Verk
Computing the recession cone of a convex upper image via convex projection
(2024-08) Kováčová, Gabriela; Ulus, Firdevs; Department of Engineering
It is possible to solve unbounded convex vector optimization problems (CVOPs) in two phases: (1) computing or approximating the recession cone of the upper image and (2) solving the equivalent bounded CVOP where the ordering cone is extended based on the first phase. In this paper, we consider unbounded CVOPs and propose an alternative solution methodology to compute or approximate the recession cone of the upper image. In particular, we relate the dual of the recession cone with the Lagrange dual of weighted sum scalarization problems whenever the dual problem can be written explicitly. Computing this set requires solving a convex (or polyhedral) projection problem. We show that this methodology can be applied to semidefinite, quadratic, and linear vector optimization problems and provide some numerical examples.

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