Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Nýlega bætt við
Beyond School Climate : Validating the School as a Protective Factor-Brief Survey
(2024-11) Lilly, Christa L.; Kristjansson, Alfgeir L.; Smith, Megan L.; Thrisdottir, Inibjorg Eva; Havlicak, Ashley; Mann, Michael J.; Department of Psychology
BACKGROUND: The conceptual framework for School as a Protective Factor approach was presented in a companion article in this issue of the journal. The current article describes the validation of the School as a Protective Factor-Brief (SPF-Brief), a 13-item survey measuring the 3 core constructs and 13 defining characteristics of this framework. METHODS: The SPF-Brief was validated through 2 studies. The developmental study used a longitudinal design including 1349 participants who completed surveys over 5 semesters, while the validation study used a cross-sectional design with 2775 participants. Both studies included middle and high school students. Factor analysis, growth model analysis, criterion-related validation, and outcome analysis were employed. RESULTS: Analyses provided strong evidence supporting the reliability and validity of the instrument and conceptual framework. Higher SPF-Brief scores were associated with higher math grades, English grades, and quality of life, as well as lower rates of anxiety, depression, conduct disorder, alcohol, e-cigarette, tobacco, and cannabis use. Effect size estimates ranged from moderate to strong. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest the utility of the SPF-Brief instrument and the School as a Protective Factor framework. Together, they may offer advantages to the traditional school climate approach.
Empirical Evaluation of Concept Probing for Game-Playing Agents
(IOS Press BV, 2024-10-16) Pálsson, Aðalsteinn; Björnsson, Yngvi; Endriss, Ulle; Melo, Francisco S.; Bach, Kerstin; Bugarin-Diz, Alberto; Alonso-Moral, Jose M.; Barro, Senen; Heintz, Fredrik; Department of Computer Science
Concept probing is one prominent methodology for interpreting and analyzing (deep) neural network models. It has, for example, formed the backbone of several recent works to understand better the high-level knowledge learned and employed by game-playing agents, particularly in chess. However, some recent theoretical and empirical studies have questioned the methodology's reliability and highlighted some limitations. Here, in the game-playing domain of chess, we investigate the effectiveness of several different probing architectures and look into the reliability of methods for interpreting their results. We use a world-class chess-playing agent as our test domain, which allows us, via self-play, to quantify the importance of the concepts identified in the agent's neural network by the concept probes. Our results demonstrate that the widespread practice of using linear probes and interpreting their accuracy to indicate concept importance is somewhat unreliable and needs to be revised. We demonstrate several ways of doing that in our domain, particularly by using more complex probes and amnesic-like probing.
How far has research into disruptive innovations in the field of sustainability come to date?
(2024-10-30) Tarlan, Ahmadov; Susanne, Durst; Taina, Eriksson; Maria, Jussila; Aino, Saaristo
The term ‘disruptive innovation’ has been on everyone's lips for some years now, both in theory and in practice. This type of innovation is considered promising when it comes to the transition to sustainability. Based on a critical literature review comprising 121 academic articles, this study provides a systematic overview of the state of research on disruptive innovation for sustainability over 20 years. This overview makes it possible to determine whether and how an accumulation of knowledge has taken place in this area. The study reports on the selected theories, methods and definitions of the core concepts used. A thematic analysis was conducted that identified five broad themes, namely business models, people skills, supply chains, product/service development and transformations/transitions. In addition, the evolution of thematic areas over time is presented. The results indicate that there is a significant need for greater knowledge accumulation. This paper proposes concrete directions for future research to come closer to this goal.
KokemUX : Step-by-Step UX Design Process
(Association for Computing Machinery, 2024-10-13) Larusdottir, Marta; Roto, Virpi; Visescu, Ioana; Department of Computer Science
Ensuring that software meets users’ needs is crucial for a good user experience. However, software developers sometimes prioritise their own needs, resulting in software that falls short for users. This tutorial introduces the KokemUX process, a structured user-centred approach to software development. By prioritising user needs throughout the development process, KokemUX ensures a positive user experience. Participants will learn key steps like creating an Eagle View, analysing user groups, and defining UX goals. Ideal for researchers and developers, this hands-on tutorial offers practical guidance for designing original and user-friendly digital services.
Absolute beta power in exercisers and nonexercisers in preparation for the oddball task
(2024-10-02) Machado, Marcos; Fonseca, Renato; Zanchetta, Giovanna; Amoroso, Carlos; Vasconcelos, Alexandre; Costa, Élida; Nicoliche, Eduardo; Gongora, Mariana; Orsini, Marco; Vicente, Renan; Teixeira, Silmar; Budde, Henning; Cagy, Mauricio; Velasques, Bruna; Ribeiro, Pedro
Background High levels of physical conditioning are associated with improvements in cognitive performance. In this sense, electroencephalographic (ECG) correlates are used to investigate the enhancing role of physical exercise on executive functions. Oscillations in the β frequency range are proposed to be evident during sensorimotor activity. Objective To investigate the ECG changes influenced by aerobic and resistance exercises performed in an attention task by analyzing the differences in absolute β power in the prefrontal and frontal regions before, during, and after the oddball paradigm in practitioners and nonpractitioners of physical exercise. Methods There were 15 physical activity practitioners (aged 27 ǂ 4.71) and 15 nonpractitioners (age 28 ǂ 1.50) recruited. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was implemented to observe the main effect and the interaction between groups and moments (rest 1, pre-stimulus, and rest 2). Results An interaction between group and moment factors was observed for Fp1 (p < 0.001); Fp2 (p ¼ 0.001); F7 (p < 0.001); F8 (p < 0.001); F3 (p < 0.001); Fz (p < 0.001); and F4 (p < 0.001). Electrophysiological findings clarified exercisers’ specificity and neural efficiency in each prefrontal and frontal subarea. Conclusion Our findings lend support to the current understanding of the cognitive processes underlying physical exercise and provide new evidence on the relationship between exercise and cortical activity.
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
Veldu flokk til að skoða.
- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts