Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Nýlega bætt við
Treatment of harmful gambling : a scoping review of United Kingdom-based intervention research
(2024-12) Seel, Christopher J.; Jones, Matthew; Christensen, Darren R.; May, Richard; Hoon, Alice E.; Dymond, Simon; Department of Psychology
Background: Understanding and treating the harm caused by gambling is a growing international psychiatric and public health challenge. Treatment of gambling harm may involve psychological and pharmacological intervention, in conjunction with peer support. This scoping review was conducted to identify, for the first time, the characteristics and extent of United Kingdom (UK) based gambling treatment research. We reviewed studies conducted among people seeking treatment for disordered or harmful gambling in the UK, the settings, research designs, and outcome measures used, and to identify any treatment research gaps. Methods: Systematic searches of PsycInfo, PsycArticles, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were carried out for gambling treatment research or evaluation studies conducted in the UK. Studies were included if they evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention or treatment designed to improve symptoms of harmful or problematic gambling, reported outcomes of interventions on treatment adherence, gambling symptoms, or behaviours using standardised measures, were conducted in the UK, and were published since 2000. Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Four were retrospective chart reviews, two were single-participant case reports, one described a retrospective case series, and one employed a cross-sectional design. None used an experimental design. Conclusion: The limited number of studies included in this review highlights a relative paucity of gambling treatment research conducted in UK settings. Further work should seek to identify potential barriers and obstacles to conducting gambling treatment research in the UK.
Transition to psychosis during the COVID-19 pandemic : a real-world study of conversion rates in individuals with attenuated psychotic symptoms
(2024-12) Nastro, Federico Fiori; Clemente, Alice; Pelle, Martina; Esposto, Eleonora; Longo, Lucia; Gelormini, Carmine; Ribolsi, Michele; Lorenzo, Giorgio Di; Department of Engineering
Objective The COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread disruptions, affecting healthcare systems, social dynamics, and mental well-being. However, its impact on psychosis remains a subject This study examines psychosis transition rates and associated psychopathology among individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) with attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Methods This retrospective study analyzed 12-month longitudinal data from 27 individuals with APS enrolled from April 2020 to April 2021. The participants’ age was 22.18±3.58 years; fourteen were females; eight reported cannabis use; fourteen resided in urban areas; none had prior or current antipsychotic treatment. The transition to psychosis was assessed using the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS/SOPS) criteria. The Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) was administered at baseline to assess abnormal salience processing. Results After one year, eight subjects (29.63%) transitioned to psychosis. Sociodemographic characteristics and known risk factors of the transition to psychosis, such as cannabis use and urbanicity, did not significantly differ between those who transitioned (Converters) and those who did not (Non-Converters). Baseline ASI scores were significantly higher in Converters. Linear Mixed Model analysis revealed a worsening of symptoms over time in Converters. Conclusions This study evaluated the conversion rate to full-blown psychosis during the COVID-19 pandemic in an Italian cohort of CHR-P, revealing, after one year, a higher psychosis transition rate compared to pre-pandemic levels (approximately 30% vs. 15%). These findings highlight the need for further research into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychosis and the mechanisms underlying these transitions.
The role of physical activity on obstructive sleep apnea severity and hypoxic load, and the mismatch between subjective and objective physical activity assessments
(2024-12) Fridgeirsdottir, Katrin Y.; Ólafsdóttir, Kristín A.; Islind, Anna Sigridur; Leppänen, Timo; Arnardottir, Erna S.; Saavedra, Jose M.; Department of Engineering; Department of Computer Science; Department of Sport Science
Obesity is the primary risk factor for the development of obstructive sleep apnea, and physical inactivity plays an important role. However, most studies have either only evaluated physical activity subjectively or objectively in obstructive sleep apnea. The objectives of this study were: (i) to assess the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea severity (both apnea–hypopnea index and desaturation parameters) and both objectively and subjectively measured physical activity after adjustment for anthropometry and body composition parameters; and (ii) to assess the relationship between objective and subjective physical activity parameters and whether obstructive sleep apnea severity has a modulatory effect on this relationship. Fifty-four subjects (age 47.7 ± 15.0 years, 46% males) were categorized into groups according to obstructive sleep apnea severity: no obstructive sleep apnea; mild obstructive sleep apnea; and moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea. All subjects were evaluated with subjective and objective physical activity, anthropometric and body composition measurements, and 3-night self-applied polysomnography. A one-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the differences between the three obstructive sleep apnea severity groups and multiple linear regression to predict obstructive sleep apnea severity. Differences in subjectively reported sitting time (p ≤ 0.004) were found between participants with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea, and those with either mild or no obstructive sleep apnea (p = 0.004). Age, body mass index and neck circumference explained 63.3% of the variance in the apnea–hypopnea index, and age, body mass index and visceral adiposity explained 67.8% of the variance in desaturation parameters. The results showed that the person's physical activity does not affect obstructive sleep apnea severity. A weak correlation was found between objective and subjective physical activity measures, which could be relevant for healthcare staff encouraging patients with obstructive sleep apnea to increase their physical activity.
Predicting creative behavior using resting-state electroencephalography
(2024-12) Chhade, Fatima; Tabbal, Judie; Paban, Véronique; Auffret, Manon; Hassan, Mahmoud; Vérin, Marc
Neuroscience research has shown that specific brain patterns can relate to creativity during multiple tasks but also at rest. Nevertheless, the electrophysiological correlates of a highly creative brain remain largely unexplored. This study aims to uncover resting-state networks related to creative behavior using high-density electroencephalography (HD-EEG) and to test whether the strength of functional connectivity within these networks could predict individual creativity in novel subjects. We acquired resting state HD-EEG data from 90 healthy participants who completed a creative behavior inventory. We then employed connectome-based predictive modeling; a machine-learning technique that predicts behavioral measures from brain connectivity features. Using a support vector regression, our results reveal functional connectivity patterns related to high and low creativity, in the gamma frequency band (30-45 Hz). In leave-one-out cross-validation, the combined model of high and low networks predicts individual creativity with very good accuracy (r = 0.36, p = 0.00045). Furthermore, the model’s predictive power is established through external validation on an independent dataset (N = 41), showing a statistically significant correlation between observed and predicted creativity scores (r = 0.35, p = 0.02). These findings reveal large-scale networks that could predict creative behavior at rest, providing a crucial foundation for developing HD-EEG-network-based markers of creativity.
Models analyzing the response of the adhesive joint between FRP and concrete : a comparative analysis
(2024-12) Zhelyazov, T.
Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) for structural elements’ strengthening and rehabilitation are increasingly gaining popularity because of their proven efficiency and ease of application. The response of the adhesive joint formed between the FRP and concrete is a crucial factor influencing the overall behavior of FRP structures. The analysis of the interface crack propagation is a complex task involving the consideration of multiple interacting mechanisms. This work aims to provide a background to a recently proposed model that analyzes the behavior of the adhesive joint formed at the interface between the FRP and concrete, by creating its counterpart. The study presented herein discusses a model based on fracture mechanics to obtain a reference point needed to assess the output provided by an algorithm utilizing a damage-based model for concrete and an empirical-based procedure for the loss of bond action. Typically, model validation is performed via a comparison against experimental data. However, additional insights into the interacting phenomena can be provided by comparing the results of various applicable models.
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
Veldu flokk til að skoða.
- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts