Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Nýlega bætt við
EEG-based investigation of cortical activity during Postural Control
(2022-01) Barollo, Fabio; Gargiulo, Paolo
The postural control system regulates the ability to maintain a stable upright stance and to react to changes in the external environment. Although once believed to be dominated by low-level reflexive mechanisms, mounting evidence has highlighted a prominent role of the cortex in this process. Nevertheless, the high-level cortical mechanisms involved in postural control are still largely unexplored. The aim of this thesis is to use electroencephalography, a widely used and noninvasive neuroimaging tool, to shed light on the cortical mechanisms which regulate postural control and allow balance to be preserved in the wake of external disruptions to one’s quiet stance. EEG activity has been initially analysed during a well-established postural task - a sequence of proprioceptive stimulations applied to the calf muscles to induce postural instability – traditionally used to examine the posturographic response. Preliminary results, obtained through a spectral power analysis of the data, highlighted an increased activation in several cortical areas, as well as different activation patterns in the two tested experimental conditions: open and closed eyes. An improved experimental protocol has then been developed, allowing a more advanced data analysis based on source reconstruction and brain network analysis techniques. Using this new approach, it was possible to characterise with greater detail the topological structure of cortical functional connections during the postural task, as well as to draw a connection between quantitative network metrics and measures of postural performance. Finally, with the integration of electromyography in the experimental protocol, we were able to gain new insights into the cortico-muscular interactions which direct the muscular response to a postural challenge. Overall, the findings presented in this thesis provide further evidence of the prominent role played by the cortex in postural control. They also prove how novel EEG-based brain network analysis techniques can be a valid tool in postural research and offer promising perspectives for the integration of quantitative cortical network metrics into clinical evaluation of postural impairment.
Do Asian Companies Bid Higher in Cross-Border M&A? A Moderating Effect Analysis
(2026-04-12) García-Gómez, Conrado Diego; Farinha, Jorge Bento; Demir, Ender; Díez-Esteban, José María; Department of Business and Economics
This study examines whether Asian companies pay higher premiums in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and identifies the institutional factors driving this behavior. Grounded in the concept of Asian institutional logic—characterized by state coordination, relational governance, and long-term strategic orientation—we argue that these features shape distinctive acquisition patterns compared to Western market logics. Using a large sample of cross-border M&A during the period 2003–2021, we first uniquely compare whether the geographical origin of the acquirer firm is a relevant determinant of the premium paid, namely for cross-border operations targeting Asia, Europe, and the United States. We find that Asian acquirers pay significantly higher premiums compared to their European and U.S. counterparts. Employing a moderating effect approach, we find that this relationship is amplified by four mechanisms aligned with the Asian institutional logic. Specifically, we analyze the role of Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and find that they contribute significantly to the higher premiums paid. Our results are robust across different model specifications and subsample analyses, shedding light on the distinct dynamics of cross-border M&A involving Asian firms.
Distributed Energy Resource Management System (DERMS) Cybersecurity Scenarios, Trends, and Potential Technologies : A Review
(2025-01-30) Sugunaraj, Niroop; Ram Abayankar Balaji, Shree; Subash Chandar, Barathwaja; Rajagopalan, Prashanth; Kose, Utku; Charles Loper, David; Mahfuz, Tanzim; Chakraborty, Prabuddha; Ahmad, Seerin; Kim, Taesic; Apruzzese, Giovanni; Dubey, Anamika; Strezoski, Luka V.; Blakely, Benjamin; Ghosh, Subhojit; Jaya Bharata Reddy, Maddikara; Vardhan Padullaparti, Harsha; Ranganathan, Prakash; Department of Computer Science
Critical infrastructures like the power grid face increasing cyber threats due to the widespread integration of interconnected distributed energy resources (DERs). Compromised DER endpoints can trigger cascading outages, intentional device failures, and communication losses. To address these challenges, this paper reviews cybersecurity vulnerabilities in DER management systems (DERMS), including state-of-the-art attacks on data communication protocols, access control mechanisms, and identity management policies. Key threats such as false data injection, malware, denial of service, and network vulnerabilities are discussed. Additionally, realistic threat scenarios are outlined, followed by discussions on advanced security strategies such as the zero trust framework. The paper also introduces new architectural patterns aligned with the IEEE 1547.3 standard, offering a multi-level hierarchical framework for securing DERMS data and assets. Furthermore, it examines cybersecurity threats compromising confidentiality, integrity, availability, and accountability (CIAA) at various levels. This review uniquely consolidates existing research on DER cybersecurity and highlights necessary advancements, particularly intrusion diagnostic units (IDUs), to enhance future DERMS technologies. By ensuring compliance with IEEE 1547.3 standard requirements, this study contributes to improving DER cybersecurity resilience.
Digital health interventions for women in frontline public service roles : A systematic review of effectiveness in reducing substance use
(2026-01) Williamson, Grace; Khatun, Toslima; King, Kate; Simms, Amos; Dymond, Simon; Goodwin, Laura; Carr, Ewan; Fear, Nicola T.; Murphy, Dominic; Leightley, Daniel; Department of Psychology
Frontline occupations, including military, healthcare, and first responders, often include frequent exposure to traumatic events, increasing the risk of substance use disorders (SUDs). Research has shown that those in high-intensity occupations are at higher risk of developing SUDs compared to the general population. Women face unique experiences related to substance use, including greater functional impairment and barriers to treatment access. Yet, understanding of the effectiveness of digital health technologies in addressing substance use among women in frontline occupations is limited. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of digital health interventions in reducing substance use among women in frontline roles. Four databases (PsycINFO, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PsycArticles) were searched for English language full-text articles (2007–2024) that (1) evaluated a digital intervention designed to reduce substance use, (2) reported changes in substance use outcomes such as frequency, intensity or duration, using validated tools (3) included current or former frontline public service workers, and (4) included women as the primary target population or as a subgroup within the sample. 13 papers met inclusion criteria, focusing on eight distinct web and mobile-based interventions for alcohol, tobacco and illicit substances. Most studies (n=11) reported substantial post-intervention reductions in alcohol and tobacco use, although results for PTSD symptoms, illicit drug use, and quality of life were mixed. This review highlights the potential of digital health interventions for reducing substance use but underscores significant gaps in research. The scarcity of studies focused on women, small and heterogeneous samples, and focus on veterans limits the generalisability to women in frontline roles. These gaps present a pressing challenge in understanding gender-specific digital intervention efficacy. Future research should prioritise larger, representative samples of women across diverse frontline occupations to drive the development of digital technologies tailored to the unique challenges faced by women in these roles.
Development, validation and test-retest reliability of a load cell-based device for assessment of isometric forearm rotation torque
(2025-08-29) Köykkä, Miika; Laatikainen-Raussi, Iida; Vierola, Sami; Cronin, Neil J.; Waller, Benjamin; Vänttinen, Tomi
Objectives. This study aimed to develop and validate a load cell-based device for measuring isometric forearm rotation torque and to determine its test-retest reliability. Approach. The custom-built device was calibrated using known weights and validated against a high-precision torque transducer. For reliability assessment, 35 physically active participants (20 males, 15 females; age 30 ± 7 years) were tested for isometric forearm pronation and supination strength 5-7 d apart. Main results. The custom device demonstrated excellent validity (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), absolute agreement = 1.00; r2 = 1.00, p < 0.001; mean difference = −1.26-1.44%, p < 0.001). Test-retest reliability was excellent for absolute pronation and supination torque (ICC = 0.88-0.97; coefficient of variation percentage (CV%) = 4.1-5.6; minimal detectable change (MDC) at 90% confidence level = 13.1-19.9%), good to excellent for supination:pronation ratios (ICC = 0.60-0.88; CV% = 7.0-8.6; MDC = 0.10-0.13), and fair to good for dominant:non-dominant ratios (ICC = 0.42-0.66; CV% = 6.1-7.6; MDC = 0.07-0.10). Sex significantly influenced absolute torque values, with males demonstrating consistently higher torque, although reliability metrics were similar for both sexes. Significance. The device is valid, and the test is reliable. It is suitable for clinical assessments, rehabilitation monitoring, and performance evaluation, facilitating an improved understanding of factors affecting elbow overloading and injuries. Limb ratio metrics should be interpreted with caution due to their lower reliability.
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
Veldu flokk til að skoða.
- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts