Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
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Knowledge management in the age of generative artificial intelligence – from SECI to GRAI
(2026-02-03) Böhm, Karsten; Durst, Susanne; Department of Business and Economics
Purpose – Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) models are now able not only to recognize complex patterns from large amounts of input data but also to display them in context. This fact invites a critical analysis of the SECI model and its further applicability as an analytical framework for knowledge generation and transfer in organizations. This conceptual paper aims to take the SECI model with the individual SECI phases and analyze how GenAI changes the assumptions and descriptions of the original SECI framework. More specifically, the aim is to propose a revised SECI framework. Design/methodology/approach – This paper aims to contribute to theory development of theories present in the literature. More specifically, it seeks to make a conceptual contribution that draws on one of the four types of conceptual contributions proposed by Deborah J. MacInnis, namely, envisioning, and is based on previous literature and the authors’ thoughts and experiences to propose a revised SECI framework called GRAI, which stands for Generative Receptive Artificial Intelligence. Findings – A better understanding of the further applicability of the SECI framework that arises with the introduction and application of GenAI models is not only relevant to the existing knowledge management (KM) theory but also to organizations. The proposed revised perspective of the SECI model, summarized in the GRAI framework, reflects the use of GenAI technologies in the corporate environment and thus allows the necessary stimulation of a discussion on how KM in general, and knowledge generation, in particular, will be affected and augmented by AI. Originality/value – To the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to systematically and comprehensively examine the established SECI framework and its wider applicability in terms of the potential impact of GenAI models on KM practices in organizations. The proposed GRAI framework is seen as a relevant contribution to the further development of KM theory.
It’s Not Easy : Applying Supervised Machine Learning to Detect Malicious Extensions in the Chrome Web Store
(2026-02) Rosenzweig, Ben; Dalla Valle, Valentino; Apruzzese, Giovanni; Fass, Aurore; Department of Computer Science
Google Chrome is the most popular Web browser. Users can customize it with extensions that enhance their browsing experience. The most well-known marketplace of such extensions is the Chrome Web Store (CWS). Developers can upload their extensions on the CWS, but such extensions are made available to users only after a vetting process carried out by Google itself. Unfortunately, some malicious extensions bypass such checks, putting the security and privacy of downstream browser extension users at risk. In this article, we carry out a comprehensive real-world security analysis of malicious extensions in the CWS. Specifically, we scrutinize the extent to which automated mechanisms reliant on supervised machine learning (ML) can be used to detect malicious extensions on the CWS. To this end, we first collect 7,140 malicious extensions published in 2017–2023 and which have been flagged as malicious by Google. We combine this dataset with 63,598 benign extensions published or updated on the CWS before 2023, and we develop three supervised-ML-based classifiers—leveraging both original features as well as techniques inspired by prior work. We show that, in a “lab setting”, our classifiers work well (e.g., 98% accuracy). Then, we collect a new, and more recent, set of 35,462 extensions from the CWS, published or last updated in 2023, with unknown ground truth. We were eventually able to identify 68 malicious extensions that bypassed the vetting process of the CWS. However, our classifiers also reported over 1k likely malicious extensions which may overestimate their true number. Based on this finding (further supported with other experiments and realistic analyses), we elucidate, for the first time, a strong concept drift effect on browser extensions. We also provide factual evidence that commercial detectors (e.g., VirusTotal) work poorly to detect known malicious extensions. Altogether, our results highlight the fact that detecting malicious browser extensions is a fundamentally hard problem which has not (yet) received an adequate degree of attention. This requires additional work both by the research community and by Google itself—potentially by revising their approaches. In the meantime, we informed Google of our discoveries, and we released our artifacts.
High Energy Proximal Tibial Fractures at Landspítali University Hospital 2003-2021 : Háorku nærendabrot á sköflungsbeini á Landspítala 2003-2021
(2026-09-01) Hardarson, Hlynur Breki; Sigurdarson, Hjorturo Vidar; Sigbergsdottir, Audur; Jonsson, Halldor; Ingvarsson, Thorvaldur; Snaebjornsson, Thorkell Snaebjornsso; Department of Engineering
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of proximal tibial fractures treated at Landspítali National University Hospital following high energy trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study reviewed patient records of individuals who sustained proximal tibial fractures and were treated at Landspítali between 2003 and 2021. Data on age, sex, mechanism of injury, treatment plan, hospital stay, and outcomes were recorded. Fracture classification was based on evaluation and imaging reviewed in the Agfa system and categorized using the Schatzker classification system. RESULTS: A total of 195 high energy proximal tibial fractures were identified during the study period. The mean age of patients was 42 years, and 62,1% were male. Traffic accidents were the most common mechanism of injury, followed by horse-related accidents and recreational injuries. Most fractures occured in June, and incidence was higher during the summer months. The most common fracture type was Schatzker type II (32,8%), with type I and VI also frequently observed. Surgical treatment was perfomed in 56,9% of cases, most commonly involving internal fixation with plates and screws (used in 74,8% of surgeries). Among those undergoing surgery, Schatzker type VI was the most common. Associated injuries were found in 31,2% of cases, most frequently in patients with complex Schatzker type VI fractures. Only one death occured in relation to the fractures (0,5%). Other complications, such as infections or thromboembolism, were rare. Twelve cases had undergone total knee arthroplasty by the end of the study period. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of proximal tibial fractures in Iceland (2003-2021) has increased and is comparable to reports from neighboring countries. These injuries are most common in middle-aged men and often result from high energy trauma. Traffic accidents were the leading cause, followed by horse-related and recreational injuries. Most patients who sustained high energy proximal fractures underwent surgery.
Exploring Dynamic Alpha Band Connectivity in Parkinson’s Disease : A Novel Approach to Postural Control Assessment Using the BioVRSea Paradigm
(2026-03) Pescaglia, Federica; Guerrini, Lorena; Gelormini, Carmine; Aubonnet, Romain; Thormar, Gylfi Örn; Di Lorenzo, Giorgio; Jónsson, Halldór; Hassan, Mahmoud; Petersen, Hannes; Minutolo, Vincenzo; Gargiulo, Paolo; Department of Engineering
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurological disorder characterized by impaired postural control (PC) and balance issues. To date, few studies have explored the relationship between brain activity and responses during specific tasks designed to challenge balance in individuals with PD. Our exploratory research employs an innovative paradigm to assess PC by integrating virtual reality (VR) and electroencephalography (EEG). In the study, 20 individuals diagnosed with PD who self-reported postural instability participated in the BioVRSea paradigm. This paradigm tested their PC using visuomotor stimuli and collected EEG signals to assess brain responses throughout the experiment. The results of the Parkinson’s group were compared with those of 22 age-matched healthy controls (CTR). From the functional connectivity between brain regions, we extracted brain network states (BNSs) using the k-means++ clustering algorithm. These BNSs capture the dynamic organization of brain activity and were compared with canonical resting-state networks (RSNs) to investigate neural alterations in individuals with PD. Six distinct BNSs were identified, with the dorsal attention network (DAN) dominant in five states. A significant reduction in the coverage of BNS2 was observed in PD patients during both the PRE (adjusted p-value = 0.019) and MOV (adjusted p-value = 0.036) phases compared to CTR. This reduced BNS2 coverage suggests impaired visuomotor integration in PD patients during PC tasks. DAN dominance highlights its crucial role in maintaining attentional control during the task. The findings of this study highlight the potential of using brain dynamics as a biomarker of neural dysfunction in PD, especially during specific PC tasks. Altered BNSs, particularly in networks associated with attention and sensorimotor integration, reveal key neural deficits related to PD.
Expedited microwave optimization using variable-fidelity EM analysis and convergence/quality-driven model adjustment
(2026-01-01) Koziel, Slawomir; Pietrenko-Dabrowska, Anna; Department of Engineering
Electromagnetic (EM)-based optimization is imperative for most microwave circuits. This is because designs produced by circuit theory methods require further adjustments to ensure satisfactory performance. Unfortunately, repetitive EM simulations incurred by optimization procedures are associated with considerable expenses. Expediting the process is essential to reduce the time span of design cycles and time-to-market in the case of industrial products. One possibility is utilization of variable-resolution EM simulations; however, available frameworks typically employ two discrete levels of fidelity (coarse/fine) combined with often sophisticated model correction methods. This paper proposes an alternative approach to accelerated microwave component tuning. Our methodology involves a continuous spectrum of EM simulation resolutions, which are controlled using the convergence and design quality indicators of the underlying optimization routine. A management scheme adjusting the model resolution is developed to utilize the lowest usable resolution at the search process onset, which is continuously increased as the algorithm approaches convergence and the objective function reaches satisfactory levels. The final stages are carried out with high-fidelity resolution to ensure accuracy. Verification experiments conducted using three microstrip circuits demonstrate over sixty percent of average savings over the reference (single-resolution) gradient-based routine, and noticeable and consistent acceleration regarding several state-of-the-art expedited versions. Selected designs are experimentally validated.
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
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- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts