Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Nýlega bætt við
SWOT Satellite Altimetry Observations and Source Model for the Tsunami from the 2025 M 8.8 Kamchatka Earthquake
(2025-11-26) Ruiz-Angulo, Angel; Melgar, Diego; de Marez, Charly; Deniau, Aurélien; Nencioli, Francesco; Hjörleifsdóttir, Vala; Department of Engineering
On 29 July 2025, an Mw 8.8 earthquake struck off Kamchatka, Russia, generating a Pacificwide tsunami and marking the largest earthquake since the launch of the surface water and ocean topography (SWOT) satellite in 2022. We analyze tsunami observations from SWOT together with three nearby deep-ocean assessment and reporting of tsunamis (DART) buoys to resolve the source of the event. SWOT provided the first high-resolution spaceborne track of a great subduction-zone tsunami, capturing waveforms that reveal complex propagation, dispersion, and scattering. Inversion of the DART time series using Gaussian unit sources shows that the rupture extended ∼400 km along strike, with peak uplift of ∼4 m, significantly different from the published finite-fault model. A blended source that combines the DART-inverted uplift with subsidence from the seismic–geodetic model best matches both datasets and reproduces the SWOT observations. Comparison with reconstructions of the 1952 Mw 9.0 Kamchatka earthquake indicates that the 2025 rupture likely reactivated significant portions of the megathrust that broke in 1952 but occurred farther down-dip and with little to no near-trench slip, consistent with its smaller tsunami impact. These findings highlight the hazard implications of short recurrence intervals of great earthquakes and show how rupture style governs tsunami severity. They also demonstrate the value of satellite altimetry for improving tsunami source characterization, post-event forecasting, and understanding of hydrodynamic processes.
The mobile health intervention for rural patients with atrial fibrillation a randomized controlled trial
(2025-11-01) Magnani, Jared W.; Plevniak, Keri; Ferry, Danielle; Martin, Deborah; Brooks, Maria M.; Kimani, Everlyne; Ólafsson, Stefán; Rollman, Bruce L.; Paasche-Orlow, Michael K.; El Khoudary, Samar R.; Bickmore, Timothy; Department of Computer Science
Background: Rural individuals with atrial fibrillation (AF) experience challenges to anticoagulation adherence and self-management of the condition. We tested an intervention to improve anticoagulation adherence, quality of life, and health care utilization in rural individuals with AF. Methods: We randomized rural patients with AF receiving anticoagulation to receive a smartphone-based relational agent (for disease education and adherence guidance) and a heart rate and rhythm monitor for 4 months or a smartphone-based health education app. Adherence was determined with 12-month proportion of days covered (PDC), and secondary outcomes of quality of life and health care utilization from interviews and health records. Results: The trial randomized 270 individuals 1:1 (median [IQR] age 73.1 [67.5–78.6]; 163 [60.4 %] female sex). Over the 4-month intervention, intervention participants used the relational agent a median of 101 (IQR: 72, 110) days. In an intention-to-treat analysis there was no significant difference in 12-month PDC between the intervention and control groups (median [IQR]: intervention 0.97 [0.89–1.00] versus control 0.97 [0.92–1.00]) or in PDC ≥0.80. Intervention participants were more likely to self-report anticoagulation adherence than control at 4 and 8 months (95.7 % vs 88.4 % and 93.0 % vs 78.8 %, respectively) but not at 12 months. There were no significant differences by assigned intervention for the other secondary outcomes. Conclusions: Randomization to the relational agent intervention was not associated with improved PDC at 12-months but with greater interim self-reported adherence compared to a control. This study demonstrates the successful use of a smartphone-based agent to address adherence among rural individuals with AF.
New Insights Into the Proposed Geomagnetic Excursion Hilina Pali From High-Resolution Lake Sediment Cores From the Polar Ural Mountains, Arctic Russia
(2025-11) Scheidt, S.; Ólafsdóttir, S.; Brendryen, J.; Nowaczyk, N. R.; Lenz, M. M.; Svendsen, J. I.; Haflidason, H.; Department of Law
This study presents paleomagnetic records from three 24 m-long sediment cores from the neighboring lakes Bolshoye Shchuch'ye and Maloye Shchuch'ye, located about 10 km apart in the Polar Urals in northern Russia. The age model, based on radiocarbon dating and varve counting, shows that the sediment sequences reach back up to about 23.5 ka cal. BP. Mineral magnetic analyses indicate that the upper sedimentary sequence is not suitable for paleomagnetic analyses. Below about 6.7 m the paleosecular variation and relative paleointensity in the magnetic field in the period 23.6–14.8 ka cal. BP is reconstructed. The magnetostratigraphic results show very similar pattern in both lakes including a directional anomaly previously called the Bolshoye Shchuchye Event. This event is dated to the period 20.2–19.1 ka cal. BP accompanied with a low in relative paleointensity. Comparisons with sediment records from other regions suggest that this paleomagnetic feature represents the proposed Hilina Pali geomagnetic excursion, which is documented in unprecedented high resolution in the studied lakes. The reconstructed path of the virtual geomagnetic field during this event shows that the pole positions remain at latitudes higher than 55°N while describing a clockwise loop. According to varve counts the inclination deviation and virtual geomagnetic pole latitude deviation associated with Hilina Pali lasted 1135 ± 35 years and 1294 ± 44 years, respectively, in northern Russia.
The Effects of Light Therapy on Cognitive Function and Stress in Women With Breast Cancer Before Systemic Treatment
(2025-11) Aspelund, Snaefridur Gudmundsdottir; Halldorsdottir, Thorhildur; Agustsson, Gudjon; Tobin, Hannah Ros Sigurdardottir; Wu, Lisa M.; Amidi, Ali; Johannsdottir, Kamilla R.; Lutgendorf, Susan K.; Telles, Rachel; Daly, Huldis Franksdottir; Sigurdardottir, Kristin; Figueiro, Mariana G.; Redd, William H.; Valdimarsdottir, Heiddis B.; Baldursdottir, Birna; Department of Psychology
Background: Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), for example, impairments in reaction time, processing speed, memory and executive function, may be associated with breast cancer (BC) surgery which can disrupt biological and psychological stress markers. Evidence suggests that light therapy may ameliorate cognitive impairment and stress. In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial, we investigated the efficacy of light therapy on mitigating the impact of BC surgery on CRCI in a national Icelandic cohort of women with BC. Methods: Participants were randomly allocated to receive circadian-effective blue light (BL, N = 60) or circadian-ineffective dim light (DL, N = 57) for 4 weeks after surgery. The primary outcome was overall cognitive performance (assessed via global composite score), and secondary outcomes were specific cognitive domains, cognitive complaints, psychological (depressive symptoms, overall cancer-related stress and its symptoms: hyperarousal, avoidance, and intrusive thoughts) and biological (cortisol and α-amylase) stress markers. Linear regression and path analyses within structural equation modeling frameworks were conducted, adjusted for baseline cognitive performance, age, education, subsequent cancer treatment, cancer stage, and treatment credibility. Results: No group differences were found in overall cognitive performance or in specific cognitive domains, except for a non-significant trend for faster reaction times in the BL group (p < 0.11). Additionally, the BL group reported significantly fewer cognitive complaints compared with the DL group (p < 0.05), as well as a non-significant trend for less intrusive thoughts (p < 0.11). No group differences were observed in the biological stress markers. Conclusion: Overall, these findings suggest that light therapy may help mitigate the adverse effects associated with BC surgery on CRCI and intrusive thoughts, although further research is warranted. Trial Registration: NCT04418856.
Gambling, suicide and mental health treatment utilisation in Wales : Case-control, whole-population-based study
(2025-10-07) Jones, Matthew; Boering, Pippa; Patel, Kishan; Leightley, Daniel; Dymond, Simon; Department of Psychology
Background Gambling-related harm is a global public health concern. Suicide mortality is increased among people who experience gambling harm, and people who die by suicide often have contact with mental health treatment services in the months preceding their death. Aims To assess via a case-control study how gambling diagnosis predicts suicidal death and mental healthcare utilisation using linked routinely collected healthcare data. Method We linked the Welsh Longitudinal General Practice Dataset, Annual District Death Extract, Patient Episode Database for Wales, and Outpatient Appointments Dataset Wales using the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. A sample of individuals with gambling diagnosis who died by suicide and an age- and sex-matched comparator group of all-cause decedents between 1993 and 2023 were extracted. Predictors of suicidal death, including mental health diagnosis and treatment contacts, were analysed using binary logistic regression models and chi-squared tests. Results A matched cohort of 92 individuals diagnosed with a gambling diagnosis (mean age 61.5 years, s.d. 13.1; 71% male) who died by suicide and 2990 comparators were identified. Gambling diagnosis status was a significant predictor of suicide (odds ratio 30.94; 95% CI 3.57-268.28; P = 0.002). Individuals with gambling disorder had significantly more mental health treatment contacts (P < 0.001), particularly in-patient contacts (P < 0.001). No difference in out-patient contacts was found. Conclusions Historical diagnosis of gambling harm is a significant predictor of suicidal death and mental health treatment utilisation. Improved screening and coding practices would facilitate greater data linkage research on gambling-related suicide and suicide prevention.
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
Veldu flokk til að skoða.
- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts