Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
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The current role and contribution of ‘forensic clinical psychologists’ (FCPs) to criminal investigation in the United Kingdom
(2024-06-19) Sigurdardóttir, Tinna Dögg; West, Adrian; Gudjonsson, Gisli Hannes
Purpose: This study aims to examine the scope and contribution of Forensic Clinical Psychology (FCP) advice from the National Crime Agency (NCA) to criminal investigations in the UK to address the gap in current knowledge and research. Design/methodology/approach: The 36 FCP reports reviewed were written between 2017 and 2021. They were analysed using Toulmin’s (1958) application of pertinent arguments to the evaluation process. The potential utility of the reports was analysed in terms of the advice provided. Findings: Most of the reports involved murder and equivocal death. The reports focused primarily on understanding the offender’s psychopathology, actions, motivation and risk to self and others using a practitioner model of case study methodology. Out of the 539 claims, grounds were provided for 99% of the claims, 91% had designated modality, 62% of the claims were potentially verifiable and 57% of the claims were supported by a warrant and/or backing. Most of the reports provided either moderate or high insight into the offence/offender (92%) and potential for new leads (64%). Practical implications: The advice provided relied heavily on extensive forensic clinical and investigative experience of offenders, guided by theory and research and was often performed under considerable time pressure. Flexibility, impartiality, rigour and resilience are essential prerequisites for this type of work. Originality/value: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to systematically evaluate forensic clinical psychology reports from the NCA. It shows the pragmatic, dynamic and varied nature of FCP contributions to investigations and its potential utility.
Exquisitor at the Lifelog Search Challenge 2024 : Blending Conversational Search with User Relevance Feedback
(Association for Computing Machinery, Inc, 2024-06-18) Khan, Omar Shahbaz; Sharma, Ujjwal; Zhu, Hongyi; Rudinac, Stevan; Jónsson, Björn Pór; Department of Computer Science
The past decade has seen a rapid expansion of personal and interpersonal multimedia collections. These collections offer a wealth of information about individuals, including their interests, health, and significant life events. While automated techniques can assist in structuring and organizing these collections, they often have limitations in helping users effectively navigate and find relevant items within such large datasets. The Lifelog Search Challenge (LSC) provides a valuable benchmark for evaluating interactive retrieval systems designed for personal multimedia collections. Exquisitor utilizes a large-scale user relevance feedback (URF) approach for searching through large collections. To address challenges in highly descriptive retrieval tasks where the relevance feedback model may fail to identify essential elements, we have enhanced Exquisitor with conversational search capabilities powered by a Vision Language Model (VLM) and refined the features underlying the URF model. Furthermore, Exquisitor has been updated with a streamlined user interface that enables seamless switching between conversational search and URF modes.
Help and support for gambling harm among United Kingdom Armed Forces personnel : A mixed-methods study
(2026-10) Biggar, Blair; Champion, Hannah; Jones, Matthew; Dighton, Glen; Larcombe, Justyn; Fossey, Matt; Dymond, Simon; Department of Psychology
Objectives: To explore the accessibility of mental health and gambling related support within the United Kingdom (UK) Armed Forces and investigate potential barriers to engagement. Methods: We conducted a survey of Armed Forces service personnel (n = 438) and specialist healthcare and welfare staff (n = 94) regarding gambling harm and related challenges. Results: Personnel rarely sought on-base support and recognition of existing service provision was low. Among those who did seek help, healthcare and welfare staff were equally effective in engaging with personnel, with greater professional experience playing a key role in fostering meaningful interactions. Conclusions: Improving access to specialist gambling harm support may enhance help-seeking.
Environmental Sustainability of Hydropower and Its Adaptation to Climate Change
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2026) Patro, Epari Ritesh; Balouchi, Behnam; Gosselin, Marie Pierre; Aparicio, Maria Ubierna; Finger, David Christian; Department of Engineering
Despite the ongoing technological innovation and the rapidly increasing penetration of new renewable energy sources, the hydropower sector managed to remain a central actor for power production worldwide while establishing itself as a strong support to compensate the intermittency induced by most of these new energy sources. However, the sustainability of hydropower is increasingly challenged by climate-induced hydrological shifts, sediment regime changes, and complex socio-environmental trade-offs. This chapter argues that sustainable hydropower in the 21st century demands a holistic, multi-stakeholder approach that integrates climate adaptation, sediment management, ecological integrity, and social equity. Drawing on case studies and modelling examples, the physical foundations, e.g. climate, hydrology, sediment dynamics, and their interconnections with ecosystems and society are highlighted. As a renewable and affordable, usually low-carbon source of energy, hydropower can significantly contribute to the fulfilment of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. However, any hydropower plant also potentially induces important ecological, social, and economic impacts at the local scale, calling for a sustainable strategy in building and management, but also in existing hydropower infrastructures.
Alpha rhythm and Alzheimer's disease : Has Hans Berger's dream come true?
(2025-04) Babiloni, Claudio; Arakaki, Xianghong; Baez, Sandra; Barry, Robert J.; Benussi, Alberto; Blinowska, Katarzyna; Bonanni, Laura; Borroni, Barbara; Bayard, Jorge Bosch; Bruno, Giuseppe; Cacciotti, Alessia; Carducci, Filippo; Carino, John; Carpi, Matteo; Conte, Antonella; Cruzat, Josephine; D'Antonio, Fabrizia; Della Penna, Stefania; Del Percio, Claudio; De Sanctis, Pierfilippo; Escudero, Javier; Fabbrini, Giovanni; Farina, Francesca R.; Fraga, Francisco J.; Fuhr, Peter; Gschwandtner, Ute; Güntekin, Bahar; Guo, Yi; Hajos, Mihaly; Hallett, Mark; Hampel, Harald; Hanoğlu, Lutfu; Haraldsen, Ira; Hassan, Mahmoud; Hatlestad-Hall, Christoffer; Horváth, András Attila; Ibanez, Agustin; Infarinato, Francesco; Jaramillo-Jimenez, Alberto; Jeong, Jaeseung; Jiang, Yang; Kamiński, Maciej; Koch, Giacomo; Kumar, Sanjeev; Leodori, Giorgio; Li, Gang; Lizio, Roberta; Lopez, Susanna; Ferri, Raffaele; Maestú, Fernando; Marra, Camillo; Marzetti, Laura; McGeown, William; Miraglia, Francesca; Moguilner, Sebastian; Moretti, Davide V.; Mushtaq, Faisal; Noce, Giuseppe; Nucci, Lorenzo; Ochoa, John; Onorati, Paolo; Padovani, Alessandro; Pappalettera, Chiara; Parra, Mario Alfredo; Pardini, Matteo; Pascual-Marqui, Roberto; Paulus, Walter; Pizzella, Vittorio; Prado, Pavel; Rauchs, Géraldine; Ritter, Petra; Salvatore, Marco; Santamaria-García, Hernando; Schirner, Michael; Soricelli, Andrea; Taylor, John Paul; Tankisi, Hatice; Tecchio, Franca; Teipel, Stefan; Kodamullil, Alpha Tom; Triggiani, Antonio Ivano; Valdes-Sosa, Mitchell; Valdes-Sosa, Pedro; Vecchio, Fabrizio; Vossel, Keith; Yao, Dezhong; Yener, Görsev; Ziemann, Ulf; Kamondi, Anita
In this “centenary” paper, an expert panel revisited Hans Berger's groundbreaking discovery of human restingstate electroencephalographic (rsEEG) alpha rhythms (8–12 Hz) in 1924, his foresight of substantial clinical applications in patients with “senile dementia,” and new developments in the field, focusing on Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent cause of dementia in pathological aging. Clinical guidelines issued in 2024 by the US National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) and the European Neuroscience Societies did not endorse routine use of rsEEG biomarkers in the clinical workup of older adults with cognitive impairment. Nevertheless, the expert panel highlighted decades of research from independent workgroups and different techniques showing consistent evidence that abnormalities in rsEEG delta, theta, and alpha rhythms (< 30 Hz) observed in AD patients correlate with wellestablished AD biomarkers of neuropathology, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. We posit that these abnormalities may reflect alterations in oscillatory synchronization within subcortical and cortical circuits, inducing cortical inhibitory-excitatory imbalance (in some cases leading to epileptiform activity) and vigilance dysfunctions (e.g., mental fatigue and drowsiness), which may impact AD patients’ quality of life. Berger's vision of using EEG to understand and manage dementia in pathological aging is still actual.
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
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- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts