Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Nýlega bætt við
Compressive sensing holographic microwave random array imaging of dielectric inclusion
(2018) Wang, Lulu; Fatemi, Mostafa; Department of Engineering
Holographic microwave imaging is an innovative method to image biological objects based on their dielectric properties, which has the advantages of high spatial resolution. However, the image reconstruction method is always a critical issue in holographic microwave imaging. This research aims to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of applying compressive sensing (CS) technique to the holographic microwave imaging for small dielectric object detection. This paper presents a compressive sensing holographic microwave random array imaging (CS-HMRAI) method for imaging of dielectric objects. A numerical system consists of various dielectric models and imaging processing model are developed to evaluate the proposed approach. The split Bregman (SB) and orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithms are applied to HMRAI for evaluation of small inclusions embedded in dielectric objects. Various experiments are conducted to identify lesions using the proposed CS-HMRAI method and results are compared with HMRAI and HMRAI via OMP methods. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that CS-HMRAI via SB can produce high-quality images and detect arbitrarily shaped small inclusions with random sizes and locations by using significantly fewer sensors and scanning times than the HMRAI and CS-HMRAI via OMP approaches. The proposed approach has the potential for further investigation for breast tumor detection in a fast and cost-effective manner.
Compensation for balance disorders : analysis of this multifactorial process
(2025-10-02) Perrin, Philippe; Mallinson, Art; Longridge, Neil; Armato, Enrico; Magnusson, Mans; Dumas, Georges; Perrin, Nicolas; Denise, Pierre; Gargiulo, Paolo; Petersen, Hannes; Beyaert, Christian; Department of Engineering
The European Society for Clinical Evaluation of Balance Disorders (ESCEBD), based in Nancy, France, has been meeting yearly since 2005 to discuss equilibrium-related themes that are not yet clearly defined or standardized. One of our latest discussions was with regard to outlining strategies of internal and external compensation that may be used to cope with balance disorders. A Committee was elected to discuss the mechanisms of compensation that may be involved in coping with balance system disorders. Compensation, referring to the immediate or short-term adaptive mechanisms that are used to counterbalance the effects of deficiencies that disrupt balance maintenance, can include alternative strategies, resources, or environmental supports to overcome deficits or challenges associated with a deficiency. The strategies can be internal (i.e. utilizing the individual’s own multi-sen-sory neural integration, motor, and cognitive resources) or external (i.e. modifying the environment, or using assistive or adaptive devices) to reduce fall hazard and enhance safety. This report focuses principally on internal compensation, generated by sensorimotor processes of the central nervous system (CNS) in response to impairment of either sensory information (e.g. vestibular pathologies), the musculoskeletal system (e.g. lower limb amputation and myopathies) or the CNS itself (e.g. upper motor neuron syndrome). The multifactorial process of compensation may explain the limi-tations encountered by the CNS in compensating for complex bodily impairments and may also limit our understanding of how the CNS adapts to balance disorders. Newly developed devices, such as wearable sensory substitution devices, are on the horizon as possible tools.
Testing quality indicators for physician-staffed fixed-wing air medical services in Iceland
(2025-03-01) Árnadóttir, María Kristbjörg; Gunnarsson, Björn; Haugland, Helge; School of Health, Business and Natural Sciences
Objective: Medical evacuation with fixed-wing air ambulances and rescue helicopters plays an important role in Iceland's emergency medical services. The objective of this study was to measure the quality of physician-staffed fixed-wing air ambulance services in Iceland using the 15 response-specific quality indicators (QIs) developed by the EQUIPE consensus group in Scandinavia. Methods: Physicians working in the Icelandic fixed-wing air ambulance service were asked to register response-specific QIs in an online questionnaire after every physician-staffed patient transport undertaken by the service from March 1 to December 31, 2023. Results: The fixed-wing air ambulance service in Iceland did not reach the benchmarks proposed by EQUIPE in 11 of 15 QIs tested. Furthermore, 7 QIs fell in the low performance zone and 4 in the average performance zone. Conclusion: Sparse population density, long transports, and the lack of a single prehospital organizational structure are challenging for Icelandic physician-staffed emergency medical services. This is, to our knowledge, the first time that the quality of the service has been assessed from other perspectives than time and mortality alone. As a result, several areas in need of improvement have been identified in our study.
Selection of helicopter bases and transport modes to minimize pre-hospital times in Iceland
(2025-12) Nguyen, Phuong; Dúason, Sveinbjörn; Gunnarsson, Björn; Ingólfsson, Ármann; School of Health, Business and Natural Sciences
Background: Models for the optimal location of ambulance bases typically focus on response time, but for some patients (e.g., trauma), the total pre-hospital time may matter more. Iceland’s geography and population distribution imply that fixed-wing air ambulances are an important mode for transporting emergency patients to one of the small number of hospitals with capabilities to treat patients with time-sensitive conditions. Helicopter ambulances have the potential to improve service for incidents that occur far from the closest airport. Methods: We formulate models to find optimal helicopter base locations with a primary objective of maximizing incident coverage and secondary objective of minimizing patient transport costs. Our models consider three transport modes (ground, fixed-wing, and helicopter), and evaluate the addition of new helicopter bases to a single existing fixed-wing base, single existing helicopter base, and multiple existing ground ambulance bases. Results: Akureyri and Flúðir are potential locations for a second helicopter base. These locations provide similar overall coverage levels, but effectiveness depends on hospital destination assumptions. Flúðir offers greater benefits if all patients are transported to Reykjavík Hospital, whereas Akureyri performs better if patients are transported to the nearest hospital. Conclusions: The choice of helicopter base locations depends on factors beyond coverage. Our work shows how optimization models can reveal the impact of operational assumptions on optimal base selection and illustrates a methodology that can be adapted for other countries facing similar geographic challenges.
Compact eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea apparatus for exercise-induced respiratory disease detection
(2017-05-16) Wang, Lulu; Al-Jumaily, Ahmed; Department of Engineering
Eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea (EVH) challenge provides objective criteria for exercise-induced asthma (EIA) or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), and it was recommended to justify the use of inhaled β2-agonists by athletes for the Olympics. This paper presents the development of a compact and easy-to-use EVH apparatus for assessing EIB in human subjects. The compact apparatus has been validated on human subjects and the results have been compared to the conventional EVH system. Twenty-two swimmers, including eleven healthy subjects and eleven subjects who had been physician-diagnosed with asthma, were recruited from sport and recreation centers throughout Auckland, New Zealand. Each subject performed two EVH challenge tests using the proposed breathing apparatus and the conventional Phillips EVH apparatus on separate days, respectively. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was measured before and after the challenges. A reduction in FEV1 of 10% or more was considered positive. Of the eleven subjects who were previously diagnosed with asthma, EIB was present in all subjects (100%) in the compact EVH group, while it was presented in ten subjects (90.91%) in the conventional EVH challenge group. Of the eleven healthy subjects, EIB was present in one subject (4.55%) in the compact EVH group, while it was not present in the conventional EVH group. Experimental results showed that the compact EVH system has potential to become an alternative tool for EIB detection.
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
Veldu flokk til að skoða.
- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts