Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Nýlega bætt við
High Energy Proximal Tibial Fractures at Landspítali University Hospital 2003-2021 : Háorku nærendabrot á sköflungsbeini á Landspítala 2003-2021
(2026-09-01) Hardarson, Hlynur Breki; Sigurdarson, Hjorturo Vidar; Sigbergsdottir, Audur; Jonsson, Halldor; Ingvarsson, Thorvaldur; Snaebjornsson, Thorkell Snaebjornsso; Department of Engineering
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of proximal tibial fractures treated at Landspítali National University Hospital following high energy trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study reviewed patient records of individuals who sustained proximal tibial fractures and were treated at Landspítali between 2003 and 2021. Data on age, sex, mechanism of injury, treatment plan, hospital stay, and outcomes were recorded. Fracture classification was based on evaluation and imaging reviewed in the Agfa system and categorized using the Schatzker classification system. RESULTS: A total of 195 high energy proximal tibial fractures were identified during the study period. The mean age of patients was 42 years, and 62,1% were male. Traffic accidents were the most common mechanism of injury, followed by horse-related accidents and recreational injuries. Most fractures occured in June, and incidence was higher during the summer months. The most common fracture type was Schatzker type II (32,8%), with type I and VI also frequently observed. Surgical treatment was perfomed in 56,9% of cases, most commonly involving internal fixation with plates and screws (used in 74,8% of surgeries). Among those undergoing surgery, Schatzker type VI was the most common. Associated injuries were found in 31,2% of cases, most frequently in patients with complex Schatzker type VI fractures. Only one death occured in relation to the fractures (0,5%). Other complications, such as infections or thromboembolism, were rare. Twelve cases had undergone total knee arthroplasty by the end of the study period. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of proximal tibial fractures in Iceland (2003-2021) has increased and is comparable to reports from neighboring countries. These injuries are most common in middle-aged men and often result from high energy trauma. Traffic accidents were the leading cause, followed by horse-related and recreational injuries. Most patients who sustained high energy proximal fractures underwent surgery.
Exploring Dynamic Alpha Band Connectivity in Parkinson’s Disease : A Novel Approach to Postural Control Assessment Using the BioVRSea Paradigm
(2026-03) Pescaglia, Federica; Guerrini, Lorena; Gelormini, Carmine; Aubonnet, Romain; Thormar, Gylfi Örn; Di Lorenzo, Giorgio; Jónsson, Halldór; Hassan, Mahmoud; Petersen, Hannes; Minutolo, Vincenzo; Gargiulo, Paolo; Department of Engineering
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurological disorder characterized by impaired postural control (PC) and balance issues. To date, few studies have explored the relationship between brain activity and responses during specific tasks designed to challenge balance in individuals with PD. Our exploratory research employs an innovative paradigm to assess PC by integrating virtual reality (VR) and electroencephalography (EEG). In the study, 20 individuals diagnosed with PD who self-reported postural instability participated in the BioVRSea paradigm. This paradigm tested their PC using visuomotor stimuli and collected EEG signals to assess brain responses throughout the experiment. The results of the Parkinson’s group were compared with those of 22 age-matched healthy controls (CTR). From the functional connectivity between brain regions, we extracted brain network states (BNSs) using the k-means++ clustering algorithm. These BNSs capture the dynamic organization of brain activity and were compared with canonical resting-state networks (RSNs) to investigate neural alterations in individuals with PD. Six distinct BNSs were identified, with the dorsal attention network (DAN) dominant in five states. A significant reduction in the coverage of BNS2 was observed in PD patients during both the PRE (adjusted p-value = 0.019) and MOV (adjusted p-value = 0.036) phases compared to CTR. This reduced BNS2 coverage suggests impaired visuomotor integration in PD patients during PC tasks. DAN dominance highlights its crucial role in maintaining attentional control during the task. The findings of this study highlight the potential of using brain dynamics as a biomarker of neural dysfunction in PD, especially during specific PC tasks. Altered BNSs, particularly in networks associated with attention and sensorimotor integration, reveal key neural deficits related to PD.
Expedited microwave optimization using variable-fidelity EM analysis and convergence/quality-driven model adjustment
(2026-01-01) Koziel, Slawomir; Pietrenko-Dabrowska, Anna; Department of Engineering
Electromagnetic (EM)-based optimization is imperative for most microwave circuits. This is because designs produced by circuit theory methods require further adjustments to ensure satisfactory performance. Unfortunately, repetitive EM simulations incurred by optimization procedures are associated with considerable expenses. Expediting the process is essential to reduce the time span of design cycles and time-to-market in the case of industrial products. One possibility is utilization of variable-resolution EM simulations; however, available frameworks typically employ two discrete levels of fidelity (coarse/fine) combined with often sophisticated model correction methods. This paper proposes an alternative approach to accelerated microwave component tuning. Our methodology involves a continuous spectrum of EM simulation resolutions, which are controlled using the convergence and design quality indicators of the underlying optimization routine. A management scheme adjusting the model resolution is developed to utilize the lowest usable resolution at the search process onset, which is continuously increased as the algorithm approaches convergence and the objective function reaches satisfactory levels. The final stages are carried out with high-fidelity resolution to ensure accuracy. Verification experiments conducted using three microstrip circuits demonstrate over sixty percent of average savings over the reference (single-resolution) gradient-based routine, and noticeable and consistent acceleration regarding several state-of-the-art expedited versions. Selected designs are experimentally validated.
Evaluating the Reliability and Validity of Predictive Anthropometric Equations for Estimating Fat Mass, Lean Mass and the Role of Maturity Offset in Lean Mass Prediction Within Professional, Academy Soccer Players from the United Kingdom
(2026-03) Efstathiou, Elena; Wilson, Laura J.; Dickinson, Brent; Curtis, Christopher; Department of Sport Science
The reliability and validity of anthropometric equations remain uncertain in young athletes experiencing biological maturation. This study assessed the reliability and validity of anthropometric equations against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM) values and examined the influence of maturity offset within academy soccer players. Twenty-five male academy soccer players (age: 18.6 ± 0.8 years, height: 182.7 cm ± 5.9 cm, BM: 79.3 kg ± 7.6 kg) completed skinfold and DXA assessments. FM and LM were estimated using commonly adopted anthropometric equations. Reliability and validity were assessed. Linear regression examined the influence of maturity offset. Acceptable agreement for the equations of Wilmore & Behnke and Oliver et al. for LM and FM was observed (FM; ICC: 0.858–0.891, CV%: 8.1–8.8 ± 4.6–6.4, LoA: 2.62–3.06 to −1.33–−1.62, ES: 0.27–0.47, Z = −2.257–−3.150; LM: ICC: 0.886–0.905, CV%: 2.9–3.3 ± 1.3, LoA: 5.17–5.62 to 0.54–0.78, ES: 0.42–0.48, both p < 0.001). Bland–Altman inspection showed mean bias and wide LoA for all equations. Maturity offset modestly predicted LM for all equations. Observed anthropometric equations have limited validity vs. DXA-derived FM and LM in academy soccer players. Maturity offset warrants consideration for maturity-sensitive, population-specific equations to avoid systematic errors.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Electronic Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (e-SBIRT) for Gambling : An Online Pilot Randomised Trial
(2026-10) Wright, Simon; Quigley, Martyn; Dymond, Simon; Department of Psychology
Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of electronic screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (e-SBIRT) at improving gambling outcomes and increasing help-seeking. Methods: We conducted a two-arm, randomised online pilot trial (n = 83) comparing an e-SBIRT intervention with an active control over 12 weeks. The brief intervention was informed by motivational interviewing and incorporated personalised normative feedback, information provision, and relapse-prevention components. Eligible participants were aged 18 or older, resided in the UK and had scores indicating at least moderate severity gambling. Results: Participants (54 [65.1%] male; mean [SD] age = 40.58 [12.75] years, mean [SD] PGSI = 7.16 [5.58]) in the e-SBIRT and control conditions showed improvements in gambling harms (p = 0.033) and perceived ability to control gambling (p = 0.029). No significant effects of condition assignment or condition x time interactions were observed. However, exploratory analyses of individual model coefficients suggested greater improvement in perceived ability to control gambling among participants receiving e-SBIRT at 12 weeks (p = 0.043). Exploratory analyses also suggested higher rates of help-seeking at 12-week follow-up among participants receiving e-SBIRT. Conclusion: Overall, e-SBIRT did not demonstrate clear advantages over assessment and information provision alone. Further research should prioritise refining intervention components and evaluating SBIRT approaches in settings that better reflect its opportunistic delivery model.
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
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- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts