Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Nýlega bætt við
15q11.2 CNV affects cognitive, structural and functional correlates of dyslexia and dyscalculia
(2017) Ulfarsson, M. O.; Walters, G. B.; Gustafsson, O.; Steinberg, S.; Silva, A.; Doyle, O. M.; Brammer, M.; Gudbjartsson, D. F.; Arnarsdottir, S.; Jonsdottir, G. A.; Gisladottir, R. S.; Bjornsdottir, G.; Helgason, H.; Ellingsen, L. M.; Halldorsson, J. G.; Saemundsen, E.; Stefansdottir, B.; Jonsson, L.; Eiriksdottir, V. K.; Eiriksdottir, G. R.; Johannesdottir, G. H.; Unnsteinsdottir, U.; Jonsdottir, B.; Magnusdottir, B. B.; Sulem, P.; Thorsteinsdottir, U.; Sigurdsson, E.; Brandeis, D.; Meyer-Lindenberg, A.; Stefansson, H.; Stefansson, K.; Department of Psychology; Department of Engineering
Several copy number variants have been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders and these variants have been shown to also influence cognitive abilities in carriers unaffected by psychiatric disorders. Previously, we associated the 15q11.2(BP1-BP2) deletion with specific learning disabilities and a larger corpus callosum. Here we investigate, in a much larger sample, the effect of the 15q11.2(BP1-BP2) deletion on cognitive, structural and functional correlates of dyslexia and dyscalculia. We report that the deletion confers greatest risk of the combined phenotype of dyslexia and dyscalculia. We also show that the deletion associates with a smaller left fusiform gyrus. Moreover, tailored functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments using phonological lexical decision and multiplication verification tasks demonstrate altered activation in the left fusiform and the left angular gyri in carriers. Thus, by using convergent evidence from neuropsychological testing, and structural and functional neuroimaging, we show that the 15q11.2(BP1-BP2) deletion affects cognitive, structural and functional correlates of both dyslexia and dyscalculia.
Cold-induced stress responses during a self-rescue exercise from accidental immersion in ice water in military personnel
(2025) Beres, Yannick; Lechner, Raimund; August, Elias; Koch, Andreas; Radermacher, Peter; Kulla, Martin; Staps, Enrico; Department of Engineering
INTRODUCTION: Cold-water immersion induces autonomic stress responses including sympathetic cold shock and parasympathetic diving and trigeminovagal reflexes, potentially leading to arrhythmias or bronchospasm. Another important complication of cold-water immersion is hypothermia. This study evaluates physiological responses during ice-self-rescue training to assess safety and temperature monitoring accuracy. METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational cohort study of 80 healthy Mountain Infantry soldiers during a standardized ice-self-rescue training in Norway (air temperature -10 °C). Participants underwent partial immersion (0.5 °C water) resulting in transitory submersion (<5 s). They were equipped with continuous 3-lead ECG (n = 34) spirometry (n = 26); and core temperature monitoring (ingestible telemetric capsule (n = 23) versus bilateral tympanic thermometry with and without ear channel occlusion (n = 34). Primary outcomes included cardiac rhythm changes, lung function parameters and temperature measurement agreement. RESULTS: ECG analysis revealed significant post-immersion tachycardia (median increase of 17 bpm, p = 0.03) and increased RR-interval variability (+90 ms, p < 0.01), without malignant arrhythmias. Spirometry showed no clinically significant changes in FVC or FEV 1 and peak expiratory flow. Tympanic readings underestimated core temperature post-immersion (median difference -2.8 °C versus capsules, p < 0.01), with ear canal occlusion did not improve accuracy (p = 0.15). CONCLUSION: Supervised cold-water immersion during military training exercise elicited expected autonomic stress responses without life-threatening complications in healthy soldiers. These findings suggest structured cold-water training can be safely conducted for fit individuals. Tympanic thermometry proved unreliable following immersion, even after ear channel occlusion. Ingestible capsule thermometry may be a viable approach if invasive measurement is not possible. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered under "Cold induced stress reactions during cold water immersion" in the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS) under the registration number DRKS00032345 (https://www.drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00032345/details).
Advancing Knee Osteoarthritis Assessment Using Novel Quantitative Imaging Features and Machine Learning
(2025-11-17) Ciliberti, Federica Kiyomi; Gargiulo, Paolo; Jonsson, H., Jr.; Department of Engineering
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage and associated musculoskeletal structures. Despite its prevalence, early diagnosis and patient-specific assessment remain challenging due to the multifactorial nature of the disease and the limitations of conventional imaging and grading systems. This thesis advances KOA evaluation by integrating multi-modal quantitative imaging features and machine learning methodologies to improve diagnostic accuracy, reproducibility, and early detection. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans were acquired and analyzed within the framework of the EU SINPAIN project, which aims to develop innovative and personalized therapies for KOA. The imaging data were processed through a standardized pipeline for segmentation, registration, and feature extraction of bones, cartilages, and muscles. Morphological, density, and radiomic features were combined to train and validate supervised and semi-supervised learning models and identify the most informative imaging biomarkers of KOA. The study demonstrates that specific imaging-derived characteristics, such as alterations in cartilage morphology and texture, subchondral bone density distribution, and the balance between muscle and intramuscular adipose tissue, serve as sensitive indicators of degenerative changes in the joint. Cross-tissue analyses revealed consistent interdependence between cartilage degradation and surrounding musculoskeletal adaptations, supporting a holistic interpretation of joint health. Furthermore, robustness and stability assessments established the reliability of the extracted quantitative features under realistic segmentation variations. By uniting advanced imaging analytics with artificial intelligence, this work contributes a reproducible framework for objective and personalized assessment of KOA. The developed methodology enhances the understanding of tissue-level interactions in joint degeneration and supports the transition toward precision diagnostics and targeted therapeutic strategies in osteoarthritis care.
Gambling for Resurrection in Iceland : The Rise and Fall of the Banks
(Social Science Research Network, 2013-09-23) Baldursson, Friðrik Már; Portes, Richard; Department of Business and Economics
We examine the evolution of the Icelandic banking sector in its macroeconomic environment. The story culminates in the crisis of October 2008, when all three major banks in Iceland collapsed in three successive days. The country is still struggling to cope with the consequences. The paper follows on our report of autumn 2007. The macroeconomic boom that peaked in 2007 led to severe imbalances. The banks had expanded at a rapid pace and reported healthy profits, capital ratios and liquidity until their collapse. An official report (SIC, 2010) has, however, exposed severe weaknesses in the banks’ assets and governance. The Icelandic Financial Services Authority (FSA) clearly knew little of the magnitude of large, single exposures and lending to the banks’ owners, although they strongly maintained otherwise in autumn 2007. Neither the FSA nor the Central Bank of Iceland (CBI) saw the systemic risks created by lending to owners and related parties, which increased greatly from September 2007. With the financial turmoil that began in August 2007, the banks’ access to capital markets was curtailed. They then gambled on resurrection, expanding their balance sheets and refinancing the investments of their owners and other big borrowers, while they should have been deleveraging and securing their liquidity positions in foreign currency. The banks also prevented their share prices from collapsing by purchases of their own shares in the stock market, offloading accumulated shares in private deals, usually financed by themselves. All this went on apparently unnoticed by regulators. The Icelandic banks did not buy toxic securities – but together, they administered their own potent mix of systemic poison. Only a month before the collapse of October 2008 the banks all reported strong liquidity positions. These reports were misleading, but we also show how financing unravelled over the course of a few days, and collapse became inevitable. The rapid evaporation of liquidity and market funding is one of the key lessons of the story. Whereas the United States, the United Kingdom and other countries had the resources to bail out their irresponsible and illiquid banks, Iceland did not, and it received little foreign help or even sympathy. Iceland’s response to the crisis, with its heterodox policies and aid from the IMF, has been relatively successful.
On the rational utilization of the Icelandic cod stock
(1996-08) Baldursson, Friorik M.; Daníelsson, Ásgeir; Stefánsson, Gunnar; Department of Business and Economics
The Icelandic cod stock is analysed with respect to the probable effects of different harvesting strategies on yield, spawning stock biomass, and economic benefits. Simulations are used to investigate the probability of stock recovery and collapse. Potential yield and economic benefits/costs are also investigated, using stochastic and deterministic models. In stochastic simulations, attention is paid to the apparent stock recruitment relationship, the highly variable weight-at-age and maturity-at-age in Icelandic water along with the inevitable inaccuracies in current and future assessments. Regardless of method, substantial reduction in catches from recent (1993) levels is seen to be necessary in order to rebuild the stock. In the deterministic model, profit maximization mandates closure of the fishery until stock is rehabilitated. Using the stochastic model, it is predicted that recent catch level lead to eventual extinction of the stock with high probability. A management procedure is formulated and its application to the model is shown to lead to stabilization of the stock around an economically and biologically acceptable level.
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
Veldu flokk til að skoða.
- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts