Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
Veldu flokk til að skoða.
- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- Reykjavík University
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts
Nýlega bætt við
Nasopharyngeal competition dynamics are likely to be altered following vaccine introduction : bacteriocin prevalence and diversity among Icelandic and Kenyan pneumococci
(2023-07) Butler, Madeleine E B; Jansen van Rensburg, Melissa J; Karani, Angela; Mvera, Benedict; Akech, Donald; Akter, Asma; Forrest, Calum; van Tonder, Andries J; Quirk, Sigríður Júlía; Haraldsson, Gunnsteinn Ægir; Bentley, Stephen D; Erlendsdóttir, Helga; Haraldsson, Ásgeir; Kristinsson, Karl Gústaf; Scott, J Anthony G; Brueggemann, Angela B; Faculty of Medicine
Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria to inhibit other bacteria in the surrounding environment. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of disease worldwide and colonises the healthy human nasopharynx, where it competes for space and nutrients. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have reduced the incidence of disease, but they also restructure the bacterial population, and this restructuring likely alters the nasopharyngeal competition dynamics. Here, the distribution of bacteriocins was examined in over 5000 carriage and disease-causing pneumococci from Iceland and Kenya, recovered before and after the introduction of pneumococcal vaccination. Overall, up to eleven different bacteriocin gene clusters were identified per pneumococcus. Significant differences in the prevalence of bacteriocins were observed before and after vaccine introduction, and among carriage and disease-causing pneumococci, which were largely explained by the bacterial population structure. Genetically similar pneumococci generally harboured the same bacteriocins although sometimes different repertoires of bacteriocins were observed, which suggested that horizontal transfer of bacteriocin clusters had occurred. These findings demonstrated that vaccine-mediated changes in the pneumococcal population altered the prevalence and distribution of bacteriocins. The consequences of this for pneumococcal colonisation and disease remain to be determined.
Physical and cognitive impact following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large population-based case-control study
(2023-07-06) Holm, Hilma; Ivarsdottir, Erna V; Olafsdottir, Thorhildur; Thorolfsdottir, Rosa; Eythorsson, Elias; Norland, Kristjan; Gisladottir, Rosa; Jonsdottir, Gudrun; Unnsteinsdottir, Unnur; Sveinsdottir, Kristin E; Jonsson, Benedikt A; Andresdottir, Margret; Arnar, Davíð Ottó; Arnthorsson, Asgeir O; Birgisdottir, Kolbrún; Bjarnadottir, Kristbjorg; Bjarnadottir, Solveig; Bjornsdottir, Gyda; Einarsson, Gudmundur; Eiriksdottir, Berglind; Gardarsdottir, Elisabet Eir; Gíslason, Þórarinn; Gottfreðsson, Magnús; Gudmundsdottir, Steinunn; Gudmundsson, Julius; Gunnarsdottir, Kristbjorg; Helgadottir, Anna; Helgason, Dadi; Hinriksdottir, Ingibjorg; Ingvarsson, Ragnar Freyr; Jonasdottir, Sigga S; Jónsdóttir, Ingileif; Karlsdottir, Tekla H; Kristinsdottir, Anna M; Kristinsson, Sigurður Yngvi; Kristjansdottir, Steinunn; Löve, Þorvarður Jón; Lúðvíksdóttir, Dóra; Masson, Gisli; Norddahl, Gudmundur; Olafsdottir, Thorunn; Ólafsson, Ísleifur; Rafnar, Thorunn; Runólfsdóttir, Hrafnhildur L.; Saemundsdottir, Jona; Sigurbjornsson, Svanur; Sigurdardottir, Kristin; Sigurðsson, Engilbert; Sigurðsson, Martin Ingi; Sigurdsson, Emil L; Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur; Sveinbjornsson, Gardar; Thorarensen, Emil A; Thorbjornsson, Bjarni; Thorsteinsdottir, Brynja; Tragante, Vinicius; Ulfarsson, Magnus O; Stefansson, Hreinn; Gislason, Thorsteinn; Kristjansson, Mar; Palsson, Runolfur; Sulem, Patrick; Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur; Thorgeirsson, Gudmundur; Gudbjartsson, Daniel F; Stefansson, Kari; Faculty of Icelandic and Comparative Cultural Studies; Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Philosophy, History and Archaeology; Health Sciences
BACKGROUND: Persistent symptoms are common after SARS-CoV-2 infection but correlation with objective measures is unclear. METHODS: We invited all 3098 adults who tested SARS-CoV-2 positive in Iceland before October 2020 to the deCODE Health Study. We compared multiple symptoms and physical measures between 1706 Icelanders with confirmed prior infection (cases) who participated, and 619 contemporary and 13,779 historical controls. Cases participated in the study 5-18 months after infection. RESULTS: Here we report that 41 of 88 symptoms are associated with prior infection, most significantly disturbed smell and taste, memory disturbance, and dyspnea. Measured objectively, cases had poorer smell and taste results, less grip strength, and poorer memory recall. Differences in grip strength and memory recall were small. No other objective measure associated with prior infection including heart rate, blood pressure, postural orthostatic tachycardia, oxygen saturation, exercise tolerance, hearing, and traditional inflammatory, cardiac, liver, and kidney blood biomarkers. There was no evidence of more anxiety or depression among cases. We estimate the prevalence of long Covid to be 7% at a median of 8 months after infection. CONCLUSIONS: We confirm that diverse symptoms are common months after SARS-CoV-2 infection but find few differences between cases and controls in objective parameters measured. These discrepancies between symptoms and physical measures suggest a more complicated contribution to symptoms related to prior infection than is captured with conventional tests. Traditional clinical assessment is not expected to be particularly informative in relating symptoms to a past SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Incidence of hypoglycaemia in fasting children after induction of anaesthesia for elective procedures : a descriptive observational study
(2023-12-01) Sigurðsson, Theódór Skúli; Snaebjornsdottir, Steinunn; Sigurðsson, Martin Ingi; Faculty of Medicine
Appraisals of Social Trauma and Their Role in the Development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Social Anxiety Disorder
(2023-07-11) Harðarson, Jóhann Pálmar; Guðmundsdóttir, Berglind; Valdimarsdottir, Audur G; Gudmundsdottir, Karen; Tryggvadottir, Arnrun; Thorarinsdottir, Kristjana; Wessman, Inga Dröfn; Davidsdottir, Soley; Tómasson, Gunnar; Holmes, Emily A; Thorisdottir, Audur S; Bjornsson, Andri S; Faculty of Psychology; Faculty of Medicine
Cognitive theories of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) feature appraisal of trauma as a critical factor in the development and maintenance of the disorder. Here we explored appraisals of social trauma (severe rejection or humiliation). Participants were outpatients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and clinically significant PTSD symptoms (PTSS) after social trauma (n = 15); two clinical control groups of either SAD (n = 32) or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; n = 13); and a control group with no diagnoses (n = 38). Measures included a clinical interview to assess social trauma and related open-ended appraisals and the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI). Raters blind to group assignment performed content analyses of appraisals. Results showed that the PTSS group scored significantly higher than either clinical group on the PTCI SELF subscale. Only the SELF subscale predicted a diagnosis of both PTSS and SAD. All but one PTSS participant reported primarily negative beliefs about their social trauma, and the most common categories were flawed self and others are critical or cruel. Post-traumatic appraisals implicated in the course of PTSD are significant in how individuals respond to social trauma, with negative self-cognitions linked to both PTSS and SAD.
Disease associations with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance can only be evaluated using screened cohorts : results from the population-based iStopMM study
(2023-12-01) Sigurbergsdóttir, Aðalbjörg Ýr; Rögnvaldsson, Sæmundur; Thorsteinsdóttir, Sigrún; Sverrisdóttir, Ingigerður; Sigurðardóttir, Guðrún Ásta; Viðarsson, Brynjar; Önundarson, Páll Torfi; Agnarsson, Bjarni Agnar; Sigurðardóttir, Margrét; Þorsteinsdóttir, Ingunn; Ólafsson, Ísleifur; Þórðardóttir, Ásdís Rósa; Gíslason, Gauti Kjartan; Ólafsson, Andri; Hultcrantz, Malin; Durie, Brian G M; Harding, Stephen; Landgren, Ola; Löve, Þorvarður Jón; Kristinsson, Sigurður Yngvi; Faculty of Medicine
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is an asymptomatic precursor condition that precedes multiple myeloma and related disorders but has also been associated with other medical conditions. Since systematic screening is not recommended, MGUS is typically diagnosed due to underlying diseases and most cases are not diagnosed. Most previous studies on MGUS disease associations have been based on clinical cohorts, possibly resulting in selection bias. Here we estimate this selection bias by comparing clinically diagnosed and screened individuals with MGUS with regards to demographics, laboratory features, and comorbidities. A total of 75,422 participants in the Iceland Screens, Treats, or Prevents Multiple Myeloma (iStopMM) study were screened for MGUS by serum protein electrophoresis, immunofixation and free light chain assay (clinicaltrials gov. Identifier: NCT03327597). We identified 3,352 individuals with MGUS, whereof 240 had previously been clinically diagnosed (clinical MGUS), and crosslinked our data with large, nationwide registries for information on comorbidities. Those with clinical MGUS were more likely to have at least one comorbidity (odds ratio=2.24; 95% confidence interval: 1.30-4.19), and on average had more comorbidities than the screened MGUS group (3.23 vs. 2.36, mean difference 0.68; 95% confidence interval: 0.46-0.90). They were also more likely to have rheumatological disease, neurological disease, chronic kidney disease, liver disease, heart failure, or endocrine disorders. These findings indicate that individuals with clinical MGUS have more comorbidities than the general MGUS population and that previous studies have been affected by significant selection bias. Our findings highlight the importance of screening data when studying biological and epidemiological implications of MGUS.