Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
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HomeGuard : Community-Driven Hierarchical Federated Learning for Robust Smart-Home Intrusion Detection
(Science and Technology Publications, Lda, 2026) Eichhammer, Philipp; Berger, Christian; Reiser, Hans P.; De Capitani Di Vimercati, Sabrina; Samarati, Pierangela; Department of Computer Science
Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising approach to build collaborative Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) in the IoT, e.g., in smart homes. FL allows models to be shared without exposing sensitive training data, thus protecting the privacy of IoT users. However, existing FL-based IDSs rely on assumptions that rarely hold in practice, namely homogeneous devices, synchronous participation, and benign contributors. We argue that, in real-world smart homes, IoT devices are highly heterogeneous, resource-constrained, and attractive targets for adversaries, which makes conventional FL less effective or vulnerable to poisoning attacks. We present HOMEGUARD, a collaborative IDS specifically designed for the constraints and threat model of practical smart home IoT infrastructures. In our approach, we rethink FL deployment by (1) offloading model training to gateways to manage computational heterogeneity of IoT devices and (2) organizing anomaly detection models into device-specific communities based on privacy-preserving traffic fingerprints which do not expose sensitive data. Within communities and across smart homes, HOMEGUARD implements an asynchronous, hierarchical FL architecture that tolerates device churn, uneven data availability, and Byzantine participants. Further, HOMEGUARD applies Byzantine-robust aggregation at two levels: within local communities, and globally in the cloud to limit the impact of compromised devices. Experimental evaluation shows that HOMEGUARD achieves an average true positive rate of 97.86% locally and 97.53% globally with a 0% false positive rate, while maintaining robustness against both targeted and untargeted poisoning attacks.
REIMAGINING CROSS-FUNCTIONAL DESIGN IN THE AGE OF AI: A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION : A Preliminary Investigation
(2025) Candi, Marina; Kahn, Kenneth B.; Department of Business and Economics
Being cross-functional in design work can enable effective innovation, though the relevance of ‘being cross-functional’ and the related concept of ‘T-shaped’ individuals could potentially change in the age of artificial intelligence (AI). Reporting results of interviews with design managers, we explore what being cross-functional means for design, the benefits and challenges inherent in cross-functional design work, and AI’s possible impact on the nature of being cross-functional during design activities. Manager responses emphasized the importance of being cross-functional in design work. Noted challenges of cross-functional work include conflicting priorities, differing opinions, unclear roles, loss of design influence, multitasking pressure, and personality differences. Noted benefits include broader viewpoint, creativity versus practicality balance, healthy tension, diverse perspectives, early issue identification, and well-rounded solutions. Regarding the effects of AI, the transformation of cross-functional work by automating routine tasks and enabling deeper data-driven insights is foreseen, but there is disagreement on the degree of change. Some see a shift in the cognitive burden on individuals, allowing them to focus more on creative and integrative tasks, others not so much. All agree that AI tools offer significant opportunities for synthesizing information and managing mundane project management tasks. Managerial and research implications are suggested.
Perspective in 3D mesenchymal stromal cells as tools for potential diabetes treatment
(2026-04) Dallatana, Alessia; Cremonesi, Linda; Coato, Damiano; Innamorati, Giulio; Giacomello, Luca; Department of Engineering
Background and purpose: Diabetes represents one of the major global health issues, and the number of cases is expected to increase dramatically in the coming years. In the new century, many strategies have been developed to meet the urge for new therapies through technological innovations. Innovative pharmacological treatments, such as electronic insulin pumps, represent one of the gold standards for diabetes, even if cell replacement therapy is preferred in the most severe cases. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be differentiated into insulin-producing cells or islet-like cell clusters. Consequently, understanding the role of the extracellular matrix and three-dimensional (3D) structure in guiding MSC differentiation is crucial for advancing regenerative therapies. Experimental approach: The literature was examined using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus, analyzing the pertinence with the focus of this manuscript. Findings: MSCs derived from birth tissues are characterized by a high level of plasticity and represent the best candidates for regenerative treatments. Together with MSCs, 3D approaches can be integrated to obtain complex structures supporting many biological requirements, namely the possibility of reproducing better physiological conditions, as well as supporting vascular network development. Furthermore, the incorporation of extracellular matrix components like laminin and collagen IV into hydrogels has been shown to enhance the insulin secretion and survival of insulin-producing cells. Conclusions and implications: In this review, we present an overview of the different strategies applied as of today in regenerative medicine, by unraveling the different cellular and matrix characteristics that can be crucial for future and potential diabetes treatment. Ultimately, the convergence of MSC biology with advanced 3D bioprinting and biomaterial science holds significant promise for creating a functional, implantable bioartificial pancreas to treat diabetes.
Dark patterns in online gambling : A scoping review and classification of deceptive design practices
(2026-03) McGarrigle, Jack; Smith, Jessica; Griffiths, Joe; Torrance, Jamie; Quigley, Martyn; Dymond, Simon; Department of Psychology
Background and Aims: Dark patterns are online platform design features that influence consumer behaviour to the advantage of the interface designer. In online gambling, such designs may exacerbate gambling-related harms, particularly among vulnerable consumers. This study aims to provide the first scoping review of dark patterns in online gambling.MethodsFollowing established scoping review frameworks, we systematically searched databases and grey literature using terms related to dark patterns and online gambling. The review protocol was preregistered.ResultsIncluded articles (n = 16) addressed a variety of gambling-related dark patterns: hidden gambling management tools, inducements with complex conditions, minimum balances required to withdraw funds, unnecessary frictions involved in closing an account, high defaults in stake, deposit, reality check and deposit limit settings, and urgency-based gambling prompts. To address inconsistent terminology across studies, we synthesised existing literature by mapping identified dark patterns to a transdisciplinary framework, providing greater conceptual clarity and direction for future research.Discussions and conclusionsThe potential for harm from dark patterns is evident, yet evidence on behavioural impacts is limited, hindered by restricted access to proprietary gambling operator data. Research in this area is sparse and fragmented, often using inconsistent terminology. Future studies should empirically investigate the influence of dark patterns on consumer behaviour, especially among vulnerable populations, and evaluate safer design alternatives. We recommend mandating gambling operators to collaborate with researchers to assess platform safety, and shifting the burden of proof onto operators to demonstrate that their platforms prioritise consumer safety and foster responsible gambling environments.
Farewell to Dieter Riemann—Gratitude of the ESRS
(2026-02) Arnardottir, Erna Sif; Landolt, Hans Peter; Department of Engineering
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
Veldu flokk til að skoða.
- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts