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Sustainable food choices as an impression management strategy
(2023-02) Folwarczny, Michał; Otterbring, Tobias; Ares, Gastón; Department of Business and Economics
Although living standards in certain parts of the world have improved significantly in recent decades, these improvements have often been accompanied by environmental degradation that poses health risks to millions of people. Sustainable food choices play a critical role in addressing these environmental challenges. The current review summarizes how sustainable food choices are used as an impression management action aimed at projecting a desirable image of oneself to others. We show how three distinct factors — status striving, group cooperation, and the desire to attract a partner — influence the use of sustainable food as an impression management tactic. The review concludes by highlighting several future research directions based on recent research on related topics.
Verk
Intermittent Drying of Biomass: A Systematic Reassessment of Energy Efficiency
(University of Iceland, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, 2026-10-28) Nazemi, Mohiodin; Rúnar Unnþórsson; Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science (UI); Iðnaðarverkfræði-, vélaverkfræði- og tölvunarfræðideild (HÍ); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI); Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ)
Drying is one of the most energy-intensive steps in the processing of high-moisture biomass, such as seaweed. In research, intermittent drying has often been reported as more energyefficient than continuous drying. However, the results of previous studies have often not been compared under equivalent conditions, making it unclear whether the reported energy savings stem from genuine advantages of intermittent drying or from methodological artefacts. The objective of this thesis is to systematically reassess the energy efficiency of intermittent drying. The research originated from studies on seaweed pelletization, where it was demonstrated that the majority of the energy in the preprocessing chain was used for drying. Therefore, a new comparison framework was developed to evaluate intermittent and continuous drying under identical operating conditions. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of published studies were conducted. The reassessment of the results showed that many of the advantages previously attributed to intermittent drying diminish or disappear when the comparison is made on an equivalent basis. Furthermore, the results revealed that material thickness, initial moisture content, and drying temperature are the main parameters influencing the relative performance of the two drying methods. The effects of material thickness and initial moisture content were further investigated through controlled experiments using a porous sponge model, while tests with Bladderwrack were used to evaluate the framework using a representative high-moisture biomass. The results demonstrate that intermittent drying is not inherently energy-efficient; rather, its performance depends on material properties and operating conditions. The benefits of intermittent drying are most likely to occur when internal moisture transport limits the drying process. The thesis establishes a framework for the fair evaluation of intermittent drying and demonstrates that the feasibility of high-moisture biomass utilization depends strongly on drying performance, which is influenced more by material properties and operating conditions than by intermittency itself.
Verk
Hauntography: Algorithmic Presence and the Out of Joint in Music AI
(University of Iceland, School of Humanities, Faculty of Icelandic and Comparative Cultural Studies, 2026-10) privato, nicola; Magnússon, Þórhallur; Einarsson, Einar Torfi; Faculty of Icelandic and Comparative Cultural Studies (UI); Íslensku og menningardeild (HÍ); School of Humanities (UI); Hugvísindasvið
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has developed at a rapid pace over the last decade. Accessible computing power and increasingly large datasets, coupled with recent advancements in machine learning techniques, have led to its extensive application in creative domains, including music and the arts. Among AI architectures, the deep learning subset has recently gained prominence. Deep learning models feature multiple processing layers that make them capable of identifying complex statistical patterns in large amounts of data. This architectural complexity makes these systems akin to black boxes, obscuring the processes that lead to the generation of their outputs. For this reason, explainable AI (XAI) has emerged as a prominent field of investigation. While XAI research often focuses on breaking open the AI black box, this dissertation takes a different stance and investigates the creative and epistemological value of AI’s opacity, using it as a theoretical probe to query AI itself. This dissertation asks (i) how the inherent opacity of deep learning systems can come to represent a creative resource, (ii) how this perspective can contribute to reassessing shifting notions of agency, authorship and intentionality in human-AI co-creation, and (iii) how insights from artistic practice may be used to understand the general impact of AI technologies on our society. The dissertation introduces two new interfaces for musical expression (NIMEs) designed to perform with real-time neural audio synthesis (NAS), a deep learning synthesis technique that has recently come to the fore due to its high fidelity and low latency. Three original artistic works based on NAS are then offered and discussed. This corpus, together with works from other artists, is used to answer the first research question, illustrating how artists often leverage AI’s opacity as a creative resource, and increasingly project presences of different kinds onto the hidden layers of AI models. To mobilise the insights from practice and answer the second research question, the dissertation draws on hauntology theory, and through a practice-informed comparative reading of Jacques Derrida and Mark Fisher, develops a framework I term hauntography. Central to this framework are Fisher’s notions of the weird and the eerie, which through Derrida I frame as two co-constitutive modes of phenomena viewed as spectral. Hauntography thus provides an extended vocabulary applicable to creative practice and critical analysis of phenomena from the perspective of epistemological and ontological liminality. To answer the third research question, the theoretical framework is operationalised through thematic analysis of interviews with artists whose practices involve generative AI, and with whom I collaborated during the research. This analysis offers three interrelated insights. First, I observe how AI musical interfaces are often valued by artists insofar as they introduce a weird and eerie perspective on the sonic world represented by the training data. I then develop the notion of spectrophonia to describe how AI outputs bear the deferring traces of the source material, pulverised and reconfigured into something other, yet eerily familiar. Finally, I extend spectrophonia beyond music AI to reflect on AI more broadly. Through a hauntographic reading of Marx, supported by the interviews and by practice, I describe AI as a spectral commodity. While commodities typically conceal the social relations they reify, AI is structurally unable to do so, since these, inscribed in its training data, have to be re-enacted through use.
Verk
Let’s Talk about Sex... and ADHD : Findings from an Anonymous Online Survey
(2023-02) Young, Susan; Klassen, Larry J.; Reitmeier, Shayne D.; Matheson, Jake D.; Gudjonsson, Gisli H.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. A dearth of studies have investigated psychosexuality in this population, often with few (predominantly male) participants. We recruited individuals with and without ADHD via an anonymous online survey distributed electronically by ADHD support organizations and social media. We investigated sexual history; interests and practices; and relationships. Of 1392 respondents, we classified an ‘ADHD’ group (n = 541; 30.5% male) and compared them to individuals of similar ages without ADHD, (‘Other’ group; n = 851; 37.6% male). The ADHD group (both males and females) had a significantly higher preference for same-sex or either-sex partners; and higher rates of electronic sexual exchanges, masturbation, and sexually transmitted diseases. They were more adventurous in sexual interests and practices and substantially less satisfied with their partners, both sexually and generally. Within the ADHD group, significant sex differences emerged: females had younger onset of sexual activities, used contraception less frequently, had more sexual partners and practiced more infidelity. Sexual interests differed between the sexes, but females more commonly acted on them, whereas males did not. Findings suggest both sexes engage in risky sexual behaviors, perhaps driven by impulsivity, but risk is substantially greater for females with ADHD.
Verk
Hunger effects on option quality for hedonic and utilitarian food products
(2023-01) Otterbring, Tobias; Folwarczny, Michał; Gidlöf, Kerstin; Department of Business and Economics
Multiple studies have examined the extent to which consumers’ hunger levels predict their food choices and preference patterns. These investigations often involve making binary choices between hedonic foods (e.g., ice cream) that primarily serve to provide sensory pleasure, and utilitarian foods (e.g., bread) that mainly fulfill functional purposes. However, most consumers entering a grocery store are not restricted to solely selecting either hedonic or utilitarian foods. Rather, they typically choose both hedonic and utilitarian food options. Moreover, little is known about the effects of hunger on consumers’ option quality (i.e., the degree of match between actual food choices and stated preferences) or their cognitive performance in food contexts. To address these gaps, the current study explored (1) whether experimentally induced hunger (vs. satiation) influences the option quality of consumers’ chosen food items; (2) whether this potential interplay is contingent on the food category (hedonic vs. utilitarian); and (3) whether hungry (vs. satiated) consumers’ performance may differ on cognitively challenging tasks. The results revealed that hunger did not lead to a generalized decrease in consumers’ option quality. However, option quality was inferior for utilitarian—but not hedonic—foods among hungry consumers, whereas no such differences were found for satiated consumers. Hungry (vs. satiated) consumers also performed significantly worse on cognitively demanding tasks, underscoring the far-reaching consequences of hunger on consumers’ decision-making. Further research should test the generalizability of these results in ecologically valid settings, such as in actual supermarkets.

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