Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
Veldu flokk til að skoða.
- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- Reykjavík University
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts
Nýlega bætt við
Risk of hernia formation after radical prostatectomy : a comparison between open and robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy within the prospectively controlled LAPPRO trial
(2022-02) Nilsson, H.; Stranne, J.; Hugosson, J.; Wessman, C.; Steineck, G.; Bjartell, A.; Carlsson, S.; Thorsteinsdottir, T.; Tyritzis, S. I.; Lantz, A.; Wiklund, P.; Haglind, E.; Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery
Purpose: In addition to incisional hernia, inguinal hernia is a recognized complication to radical retropubic prostatectomy. To compare the risk of developing inguinal and incisional hernias after open radical prostatectomy compared to robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. Method: Patients planned for prostatectomy were enrolled in the prospective, controlled LAPPRO trial between September 2008 and November 2011 at 14 hospitals in Sweden. Information regarding patient characteristics, operative techniques and occurrence of postoperative inguinal and incisional hernia were retrieved using six clinical record forms and four validated questionnaires. Results: 3447 patients operated with radical prostatectomy were analyzed. Within 24 months, 262 patients developed an inguinal hernia, 189 (7.3%) after robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy and 73 (8.4%) after open radical prostatectomy. The relative risk of having an inguinal hernia after robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy was 18% lower compared to open radical retropubic prostatectomy, a non-significant difference. Risk factors for developing an inguinal hernia after prostatectomy were increased age, low BMI and previous hernia repair. The incidence of incisional hernia was low regardless of surgical technique. Limitations are the non-randomised setting. Conclusions: We found no difference in incidence of inguinal hernia after open retropubic and robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. The low incidence of incisional hernia after both procedures did not allow for statistical analysis. Risk factors for developing an inguinal hernia after prostatectomy were increased age and BMI.
The level of competence of graduating nursing students in 10 European countries—Comparison between countries
(2020-11-25) Kajander-Unkuri, Satu; Koskinen, Sanna; Brugnolli, Anna; Cerezuela Torre, MªAngeles; Elonen, Imane; Kiele, Viktorija; Lehwaldt, Daniela; Löyttyniemi, Eliisa; Nemcová, Jana; de Oliveira, Célia Simão; Palese, Alvisa; Rua, Marília; Salminen, Leena; Šateková, Lenka; Stubner, Juliane; Sveinsdóttir, Herdís; Visiers-Jiménez, Laura; Leino-Kilpi, Helena; Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery
Aim: To analyse graduating nursing students’ self-assessed competence level in Europe at graduation, at the beginning of nursing career. Design: An international cross-sectional evaluative design. Methods: Data were collected in February 2018–July 2019 from graduating nursing students in 10 European countries. Competence was assessed with a validated instrument, the Nurse Competence Scale (NCS). The sample comprised 3,490 students (response rate 45%), and data were analysed statistically. Results: In all countries, graduating nursing students assessed their competence as good (range 50.0–69.1; VAS 0–100), albeit with statistically significant differences between countries. The assessments were highest in Iceland and lowest in Lithuania. Older students, those with working experience in health care, satisfied with their current degree programme, with excellent or good study achievements, graduating to 1st study choice and having a nursing career plan for future assessed their competence higher.
The competence of nurse educators and graduating nurse students
(2021-03) PROCOMPNurse-Consortium; Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery
Background: A nurse educator has an important role in promoting students' learning and professional development as well as in offering high quality nursing education. Objectives: To describe the competence of nurse educators and explore its connection with the self-evaluated competence of graduating nurse students. Design: A cross-sectional survey design was used. Participants: A total of 1796 graduating nurse students in Finland, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Lithuania and Spain participated in this study. Methods: The data were collected with structured electronic or paper-and-pencil questionnaires. Graduating nurse students evaluated the nurse educators' competence using six items derived from the Tool for Evaluation of Requirements of Nurse Teacher (ERNT) and in addition, the students evaluated their own generic professional competence using the Nursing Competence Scale (NCS). The data were analysed statistically. Results: On average, graduating nurse students evaluated the competence of nurse educators to be rather high. Icelandic and Irish students evaluated nurse educators' competence the highest. German and Finnish students were the most critical. The students also evaluated the level of their own professional competence as good. The higher graduating nurse students evaluated their own competence, the higher they also evaluated their nurse educators' competence. Conclusions: Students' evaluations of their educators' competence and their own competence seem to be aligned. However, educators' competence and its connection with students' competence warrants further studies.
Visibility of nursing in policy documents related to health care priorities
(2020-11) Tønnessen, Siri; Christiansen, Karin; Hjaltadóttir, Ingibjörg; Leino-Kilpi, Helena; Scott, Philomena Anne; Suhonen, Riitta; Öhlén, Joakim; Halvorsen, Kristin; Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery
Aim: To explore the visibility of nursing in policy documents concerning health care priorities in the Nordic countries. Background: Nurses at all levels in health care organisations set priorities on a daily basis. Such prioritization entails allocation of scarce public resources with implications for patients, nurses and society. Although prioritization in health care has been on the political agenda for many years, prioritization in nursing seems to be obscure in policy documents. Methodology: Each author searched for relevant documents from their own country. Text analyses were conducted of the included documents concerning nursing visibility. Results: All the Nordic countries have published documents articulating values and criteria relating to health care priorities. Nursing is seldom explicitly mentioned but rather is included and implicit in discussions of health care prioritization in general. Conclusion: There is a need to make priorities in nursing visible to prevent missed nursing care and ensure fair allocation of limited resources. Implications for nursing management: To highlight nursing priorities, we suggest that the fundamental need for nursing care and what this implies for patient care in different organisational settings be clarified and that policymakers explicitly include this information in national policy documents.
Algengi og þróun geðraskana og geðlyfjanotkunar meðal íbúa íslenskra hjúkrunarheimila frá 2003 til 2018
(2021-01) Biering, Páll; Hjaltadóttir, Ingibjörg; Hjúkrunar- og ljósmóðurfræðideild
INNGANGUR Faraldsfræðilegar rannsóknir sýna mikla útbreiðslu geðræns vanda og geðlyfjanotkunar meðal aldraðra í þróuðum löndum, ekki síst meðal þeirra sem búa á hjúkrunarheimilum. Þekkingu á geðrænum vanda og geðlyfjanotkun íbúa íslenskra hjúkrunarheimila er ábótavant, en mikilvæg fyrir stefnumótun í geðheilbrigðisþjónustu á heimilunum. Því var tilgangur rannsóknarinnar að kanna algengi geðsjúkdómsgreininga og geðlyfjanotkunar meðal íbúa íslenskra hjúkrunarheimila, samspil þessara þátta og hvernig þeir hafa þróast frá 2003 til 2018. EFNIVIÐUR OG AÐFERÐIR Rannsóknargögnin voru fengin úr niðurstöðum matsgerða með annarri útgáfu interRAI mælitækisins á tímabilinu frá 2003 til 2018. Í rannsókninni var stuðst við síðasta mat hvers árs (N=47,526). NIÐURSTÖÐUR Á tímabilinu hafði um það bil helmingur íbúanna kvíða- og/eða þunglyndisgreiningu; 49,4% árið 2003, en 54,5% 2018. Þessi tíðni jókst til ársins 2010 er hún var 60,9%. Hún hefur síðan farið hægt minnkandi. Neysla geðlyfja jókst úr 66,3% í 72,5%. þunglyndislyf eru algengust og jókst neysla þeirra úr 47,5% í 56,2. Neysla geðrofslyfja hefur haldist nær óbreytt, eða í kringum 26%. Nokkurt ósamræmi var á milli geðsjúkdómagreininga og geðlyfjanotkunar. Þannig fengu að meðaltali 18,2% geðlyf að staðaldri án þess að hafa greiningu og 22,3% tóku geðrofslyf í öðrum tilfellum en mælt er með. ÁLYKTANIR Aldursbreytingar hafa áhrif á verkun geðlyfja og rannsóknir hafa ekki staðfest jákvæða langtímaverkun þeirra fyrir aldraða. Þeir eru einnig viðkvæmir fyrir skaðlegum aukaverkunum lyfjanna sem aukast enn með fjöllyfjanotkun. Því er mikilvægt að geðlyfjanotkun aldraðra sé byggð á nákvæmri geðskoðun. Eins er mikilvægt að þróa önnur úrræði til að efla geðheilsu íbúa íslenskra hjúkrunarheimila. INTRODUCTION: Research shows a high prevalence of mental disorders and psychotropic medication among older people, especially in nursing homes. Knowledge of this concerning issue among Icelandic nursing homes residents is limited, despite its importance for mental health policymaking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses and psychotropic medication in Icelandic nursing homes, the relationship between these factors and how they have evolved from 2003 to 2018. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research data comes from interRAI MDS 2.0 assessments for nursing home residents in Iceland, for the period 2003-2018. The study uses the last assessment of each year (N=47,526). RESULTS: Approximately half of the residents were diagnosed with anxiety and/or depression; 49.4% in 2003 and 54.5% in 2018. The use of psychotropic drugs increased from 66.3% to 72.5%. Antidepressants were most commonly utilized, with an increase from 47.5% to 56.2%. The use of antipsychotics drugs has remained nearly unchanged, at around 26%. Inconsistency was found between psychotropic medication and psychiatric diagnoses; on average, 18.2% of the residents took psychotropic drugs without being diagnosed and 22.3% took antipsychotics in other cases than recommended. CONCLUSION: Age related changes influence the effect of psychotropic drugs and studies have not supported their positive long-term effects for older people who are also sensitive to associated adverse effects, especially in cases of polypharmacy. Therefore, it is important that psychotropic drugs use is based on accurate mental health assessment. To reduce psychotropic medication, other mental health interventions need to be developed.