Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Nýlega bætt við
Objective stratification of knee osteoarthritis stages using a semi-supervised learning approach on multimodal MRI-CT cartilage features
(2026-06-25) Ciliberti, Federica Kiyomi; Maruotto, Ida; Jonsson, Halldor; Gargiulo, Paolo; Department of Engineering
Introduction – Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic and progressive joint disease that affects middle-aged and older adults. Early detection is crucial to prevent progression toward joint replacement and improve long-term outcomes, yet current diagnoses are strongly influenced by subjective symptoms, especially pain perception, which varies widely across individuals and does not reliably reflect structural degeneration. This study introduces a semi-supervised learning (SSL) framework for characterizing KOA stages through combined MRI and CT-derived cartilage features. Methods – A cohort of 133 knee scans was analyzed, including 36 expert-labeled cases categorized as healthy, early degeneration, or advanced degeneration. These labels served as seeds for graph-based SSL using Label Propagation and Label Spreading, producing pseudo-labels for the remaining samples. Results – Label stability across ten Monte Carlo runs demonstrated high agreement (0.91 (Formula presented) 0.14) and substantial reliability (Fleiss’ kappa = 0.781). Supervised classifiers trained on the SSL-labeled dataset achieved robust performance, with Support Vector Machines and Logistic Regression yielding the highest weighted F1-scores (0.84 and 0.81, respectively). Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences among the three classes for all extracted features. Discussion – The volume-to-surface ratio and density heterogeneity demonstrated the strongest discriminatory power, reflecting progressive cartilage thinning, surface irregularity, and increasing structural heterogeneity consistent with KOA pathophysiology. These results show that combining expert knowledge with SSL enables reliable KOA stratification even with limited labeled data, offering meaningful insights into cartilage degeneration and laying the foundation for quantitative and more objective imaging-based biomarkers and future continuous scoring systems.
Experimentally validated dual-band GHz metamaterial perfect absorber biosensor with negative-index response and AI-assisted electromagnetic analysis for breast cancer dielectric discrimination
(2026-06-25) Hamza, Musa N.; Islam, Mohammad Tariqul; Koziel, Slawomir; Alibakhshikenari, Mohammad; Virdee, Bal; Mariyanayagam, Dion; Lavadiya, Sunil; Din, Iftikhar ud; Sanches, Bruno; Naqvi, Syeda Iffat; Panda, Abinash; Farmani, Ali; Mezache, Zinelabiddine; Shamsan, Zaid Ahmed; Farmani, Homa; Ghafourivayghan, Mahdi; Chaudhary, Muhammad Akmal; Naser-Moghadasi, Mohammad; Islam, Md Shabiul; Department of Engineering
A dual-band GHz metamaterial absorber (MPA) biosensor is presented as a proof-of-concept platform for dielectric-sensitive electromagnetic sensing integrated with AI-assisted broadband spectral analysis. The proposed three-layer copper–FR-4–copper structure exhibits near-unity absorption at 6.0 GHz and 9.1 GHz and demonstrates engineered negative-index behavior, which enhances electromagnetic field confinement and sensitivity to dielectric perturbations. The biosensor was fabricated using standard PCB technology and experimentally validated through free-space microwave measurements, showing excellent agreement with simulations and absorption exceeding 92.5% and 99.8% at the two resonant frequencies. For dielectric-sensitive analysis, the sensor response was evaluated under simulation-based loading conditions using low-loss COC/COP coverslip layers and literature-reported electromagnetic properties representative of healthy-like and malignant-like breast environments. Distinct broadband spectral perturbations were observed across the 5–10 GHz frequency range, demonstrating sensitivity to dielectric-property variations. Sensor performance was assessed using quality factor, sensitivity, and figure-of-merit metrics. An AI-assisted spectral interpretation framework was developed using distance- and correlation-based analysis of the broadband electromagnetic response. The results demonstrate that the proposed platform combines dual-band high-Q absorption, engineered triple-negative electromagnetic characteristics, and AI-assisted spectral analysis within a unified microwave biosensing framework. No biological samples were evaluated in this study; therefore, the reported results should be interpreted as simulation-based dielectric-loading analyses rather than validated cancer-detection outcomes.
Association of major adverse cardiovascular events with the apnea-hypopnea index, desaturation severity parameters, and cardiac troponins in participants of the Akershus Sleep APnea cohort
(2026-08) Feng, Xin; Sigurdardottir, Fjola; Arnardottir, Erna Sif; Dammen, Toril; Einvik, Gunnar; Korkalainen, Henri; Klungsøyr, Ole; Leppänen, Timo; Nordhus, Inger Hilde; Nikkonen, Sami; Töyräs, Juha; Thorshov, Thea; Øverby, Tonje Caroline; Omland, Torbjørn; Hrubos-Strøm, Harald; Department of Engineering
Study Objectives: To examine the prognostic value of the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), desaturation severity parameters, and cardiac troponins alone and combined for major cardiovascular events (MACEs). Methods: MACE data were retrieved in 2021 from the Norwegian Patient Registry for 518 participants in the Akershus Sleep APnea (ASAP) cohort. Baseline polysomnography and fasting blood samples were collected between June 2006 and January 2008. Desaturation duration (DesDur) and severity (DesSev) were calculated using Automatic Blood Oxygen Saturation Analysis software. Cox regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for MACE. Predictive properties of combining troponins and obstructive sleep apnea severity were calculated by comparing established clinical thresholds for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and T (cTnT) with AHI clinical thresholds of ≥15 and ≥30, respectively. Results: High AHI, DesDur, DesSev, cTnI, and cTnT were associated with increased MACE risk. However, only cTnI independently predicted MACE after adjustment (HR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.32–2.29). The HR for MACE was 2.68 (95% CI: 1.03–6.97) in patients with both high cTnI and AHI ≥30 events/h. Conclusion: In this 15-year follow-up, cTnI was independently associated with risk of MACE, whereas the AHI, desaturation parameters, and cTnT were not independent predictors. cTnI, especially when combined with AHI, was a stronger MACE predictor than cTnT. Provided our findings are validated in clinical obstructive sleep apnea populations, the measurement of cTnI may be considered for cardiovascular risk stratification.
Applying the commercial determinants of health framework to understand how digital platforms influence child and youth wellbeing
(2026-12) Halsall, Tanya; Holmgren, Alexis; Arseneau, Zac; Jan, Misha; Khanna, Nishad; Obeid, Nicole; Thorisdottir, Ingibjorg Eva; Zenone, Marco; Cheng, Michael; Bellefeuille, Amanda
The influence of social media on youth mental health has been under debate in scientific communities over the last several years. In this perspective paper, we suggest that there is a need to shift focus away from finding ways to ascertain causal connections at the global scale toward developing solutions that address existing demonstrated harms. Specifically, we suggest that commercial determinants of health (CDoH) frameworks offer important guidance for addressing harms by informing upstream solutions that target critical business practices that create negative health impacts. Based on this framing, we recommend the adoption of a precautionary approach and outline a range of critical solutions that place responsibility for youth online safety on digital platforms through standard-driven and externally accountable systems of protection. We advocate that these strategies must involve multi-sectoral collaborations that are informed by the lived experiences of children, youth, and families.
Ribbed moraines formed during deglaciation of the Icelandic Ice Sheet : implications for ice-stream dynamics
(2025) Aradóttir, Nína; Benediktsson, Ívar Örn; Helgadóttir, Erla Guðný; Ingólfsson, Ólafur; Brynjólfsson, Skafti; Farnsworth, Wesley R.; Faculty of Earth Sciences; Engineering and Natural Sciences
Investigations of the geomorphological fingerprints of palaeo-ice streams are essential for enhancing our understanding of ice-stream behaviour. Cross-cutting flowsets of palaeo-ice streams, during and following the Last Glacial Maximum, have been suggested in northeast Iceland based on the mapping of streamlined subglacial bedforms (SSBs). To increase our understanding of the dynamics of the Icelandic Ice Sheet (IIS) during deglaciation, we investigate transverse ridges, together with glacifluvial and ice-marginal landforms, within the largest flowset. The main emphasis is on the transverse ridges, which are primarily interpreted as ribbed moraines – the first to be described in Iceland. Morphological data are combined with sedimentological analyses of the ribbed moraines. Our results show that the ribbed moraines are composed of pre-existing material, often exhibiting a base of stratified glacifluvial sediments draped with subglacial till. Deformation and thrust structures within both units suggest compressional flow during the formation of the ridges. Our results suggest the ribbed moraines develop due to velocity gradients under the lateral shear margin of an ice stream based on their distribution and often oblique orientation in relation to SSBs. The ribbed moraines superimpose and thus post-date the SSBs, signifying the waning stage of ice streaming. We suggest that the ridges formed during ice-stream shutdown following the Younger Dryas and/or Preboreal re-advances. Eskers and ice-marginal landforms imply channelized water drainage during the final deglaciation interrupted by short-lived re-advances. This study has implications for the style of deglaciation associated with ice streaming in the northeastern part of the IIS. We characterize the role of ribbed moraines within the ice sheet and identify directions for future work.
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
Veldu flokk til að skoða.
- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts