Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
Veldu flokk til að skoða.
- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- Reykjavík University
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts
Nýlega bætt við
Real-World Six- and Twelve-Month Drug Retention, Remission, and Response Rates of Secukinumab in 2,017 Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis in Thirteen European Countries
(2022-04-29) Michelsen, Brigitte; Georgiadis, Stylianos; Di Giuseppe, Daniela; Loft, Anne G.; Nissen, Michael J.; Iannone, Florenzo; Pombo-Suarez, Manuel; Mann, Herman; Rotar, Ziga; Eklund, Kari K.; Kvien, Tore K.; Santos, Maria J.; Guðbjörnsson, Björn; Codreanu, Catalin; Yilmaz, Sema; Wallman, Johan K.; Brahe, Cecilie H.; Möller, Burkhard; Favalli, Ennio G.; Sánchez-Piedra, Carlos; Nekvindova, Lucie; Tomsic, Matija; Trokovic, Nina; Kristianslund, Eirik K.; Santos, Helena; Löve, Þorvarður Jón; Ionescu, Ruxandra; Pehlivan, Yavuz; Jones, Gareth T.; van der Horst-Bruinsma, Irene; Ørnbjerg, Lykke M.; Østergaard, Mikkel; Hetland, Merete L.; Faculty of Medicine
Objective: There is a lack of real-life studies on interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibition in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). We assessed real-life 6- and 12-month effectiveness (i.e., retention, remission, low disease activity [LDA], and response rates) of the IL-17 inhibitor secukinumab in PsA patients overall and across 1) number of prior biologic/targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs), 2) years since diagnosis, and 3) European registries. Methods: Thirteen quality registries in rheumatology participating in the European Spondyloarthritis Research Collaboration Network provided longitudinal, observational data collected as part of routine care for secondary use. Data were pooled and analyzed with Kaplan-Meier plots, log rank tests, Cox regression, and multiple linear and logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 2,017 PsA patients started treatment with secukinumab between 2015 and 2018. Overall secukinumab retention rates were 86% and 76% after 6 and 12 months, respectively. Crude (LUNDEX adjusted) 6-month remission/LDA (LDA including remission) rates for the 28-joint Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis, the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the C-reactive protein level, and the Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) were 13%/46% (11%/39%), 36%/55% (30%/46%), and 13%/56% (11%/47%), and 12-month rates were 11%/46% (7%/31%), 39%/56% (26%/38%), and 16%/62% (10%/41%), respectively. Clinical Disease Activity Index remission/LDA rates were similar to the SDAI rates. Six-month American College of Rheumatology 20%/50%/70% improvement criteria responses were 34%/19%/11% (29%/16%/9%); 12-month rates were 37%/21%/11% (24%/14%/7%). Secukinumab effectiveness was significantly better for b/tsDMARD-naive patients, similar across time since diagnosis (<2/2–4/>4 years), and varied significantly across the European registries. Conclusion: In this large real-world study on secukinumab treatment in PsA, 6- and 12-month effectiveness was comparable to that in previous observational studies of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. Retention, remission, LDA, and response rates were significantly better for b/tsDMARD-naive patients, were independent of time since diagnosis, and varied significantly across the European countries.
Autoimmunity, Infections, and the Risk of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
(2022-04-28) Sigurbergsdóttir, Aðalbjörg Ýr; Löve, Þorvarður Jón; Kristinsson, Sigurður Yngvi; Faculty of Medicine
Various epidemiological studies, including case reports and -series in addition to larger, population-based studies, have reported an increased prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma in individuals with a prior history of immune-related conditions. This is believed to support the role of chronic antigen stimulation in the pathogenesis of these conditions. In this short review, we summarize some of the largest population-based studies researching autoimmune diseases, infections, and the subsequent risk of MGUS, and discuss our understanding on its etiology and pathogenesis. Furthermore, we highlight important methodological limitations of previous studies in the field, but almost all studies on MGUS have been based on clinical, possibly biased, cohorts. Finally, we discuss future directions in researching the associations of MGUS and other disorders, including immune-related conditions, where screening studies play an important role.
Long-term effect of asthma on the development of obesity among adults : an international cohort study, ECRHS
(2023-02) Moitra, Subhabrata; Carsin, Anne Elie; Abramson, Michael J.; Accordini, Simone; Amaral, Andre F.S.; Anto, Josep; Bono, Roberto; Casas Ruiz, Lidia; Cerveri, Isa; Chatzi, Leda; Demoly, Pascal; Dorado-Arenas, Sandra; Forsberg, Bertil; Gilliland, Frank; Gíslason, Þórarinn; Gullón, Jose A.; Heinrich, Joachim; Holm, Mathias; Janson, Christer; Jogi, Rain; Gómez Real, Francisco; Jarvis, Debbie; Leynaert, Bénédicte; Nowak, Dennis; Probst-Hensch, Nicole; Sánchez-Ramos, José Luis; Raherison-Semjen, Chantal; Siroux, Valerie; Guerra, Stefano; Kogevinas, Manolis; Garcia-Aymerich, Judith
Introduction: Obesity is a known risk factor for asthma. Although some evidence showed asthma causing obesity in children, the link between asthma and obesity has not been investigated in adults. Methods: We used data from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS), a cohort study in 11 European countries and Australia in 3 waves between 1990 and 2014, at intervals of approximately 10 years. We considered two study periods: from ECRHS I (t) to ECRHS II (t+1), and from ECRHS II (t) to ECRHS III (t+1). We excluded obese (body mass index≥30 kg/m2) individuals at visit t. The relative risk (RR) of obesity at t+1 associated with asthma at t was estimated by multivariable modified Poisson regression (lag) with repeated measurements. Additionally, we examined the association of atopy and asthma medication on the development of obesity. Results: We included 7576 participants in the period ECRHS I-II (51.5% female, mean (SD) age of 34 (7) years) and 4976 in ECRHS II-III (51.3% female, 42 (8) years). 9% of participants became obese in ECRHS I-II and 15% in ECRHS II - III. The risk of developing obesity was higher among asthmatics than non-asthmatics (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.38), and particularly higher among non-atopic than atopic (1.47; 1.17 to 1.86 vs 1.04; 0.86 to 1.27), those with longer disease duration (1.32; 1.10 to 1.59 in >20 years vs 1.12; 0.87 to 1.43 in ≤20 years) and those on oral corticosteroids (1.99; 1.26 to 3.15 vs 1.15; 1.03 to 1.28). Physical activity was not a mediator of this association. Conclusion: This is the first study showing that adult asthmatics have a higher risk of developing obesity than non-asthmatics, particularly those non-atopic, of longer disease duration or on oral corticosteroids.
High Rate of Hepatitis C Virus Reinfection Among Recently Injecting Drug Users: : Results From the TraP Hep C Program-A Prospective Nationwide, Population-Based Study
(2022-04-19) TraP Hep C group; Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences
BACKGROUND: The Treatment as Prevention for Hepatitis C program started in 2016 in Iceland, offering treatment with direct-acting antivirals to hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected individuals. Reinfections through injection drug use (IDU) can hamper elimination efforts. We determined reinfection rates of HCV among patients in the program. METHODS: Clinical data were gathered prospectively. The study cohort consisted of HCV-cured patients with an estimated sustained virologic response between 1 February 2016 and 20 November 2018, with follow-up until 20 November 2019. The observation period and time until reinfection was estimated using a single random point imputation method coupled with Monte Carlo simulation. The reinfection rates were expressed as reinfections per 100 person-years (PY). RESULTS: In total, 640 treatments of 614 patients (417 male; mean age, 44.3 years) resulted in cure, with 52 reinfections subsequently confirmed in 50 patients (37 male). Follow-up was 672.1 PY, with a median time to reinfection of 232 days. History of IDU was reported by 523 patients (84.8%) and recent IDU with 220 treatments (34.4%). Stimulants were the preferred injected drug in 85.5% of patients with a history of IDU. The reinfection rate was 7.7/100 PY. Using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models for interval-censored data, age (hazard ratio, 0.96 [95% confidence interval, .94-.99]) and recent IDU (2.91 [1.48-5.76]) were significantly associated with reinfection risk. CONCLUSIONS: The reinfection rate is high in a setting of widespread stimulant use, particularly in young people with recent IDU. Regular follow-up is important among high-risk populations to diagnose reinfections early and reduce transmission. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT02647879.
Germline variants in tumor suppressor FBXW7 lead to impaired ubiquitination and a neurodevelopmental syndrome
(2022-04-01) TUDP Study Group; Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics; Faculty of Medicine
Neurodevelopmental disorders are highly heterogenous conditions resulting from abnormalities of brain architecture and/or function. FBXW7 (F-box and WD-repeat-domain-containing 7), a recognized developmental regulator and tumor suppressor, has been shown to regulate cell-cycle progression and cell growth and survival by targeting substrates including CYCLIN E1/2 and NOTCH for degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome system. We used a genotype-first approach and global data-sharing platforms to identify 35 individuals harboring de novo and inherited FBXW7 germline monoallelic chromosomal deletions and nonsense, frameshift, splice-site, and missense variants associated with a neurodevelopmental syndrome. The FBXW7 neurodevelopmental syndrome is distinguished by global developmental delay, borderline to severe intellectual disability, hypotonia, and gastrointestinal issues. Brain imaging detailed variable underlying structural abnormalities affecting the cerebellum, corpus collosum, and white matter. A crystal-structure model of FBXW7 predicted that missense variants were clustered at the substrate-binding surface of the WD40 domain and that these might reduce FBXW7 substrate binding affinity. Expression of recombinant FBXW7 missense variants in cultured cells demonstrated impaired CYCLIN E1 and CYCLIN E2 turnover. Pan-neuronal knockdown of the Drosophila ortholog, archipelago, impaired learning and neuronal function. Collectively, the data presented herein provide compelling evidence of an F-Box protein-related, phenotypically variable neurodevelopmental disorder associated with monoallelic variants in FBXW7.