Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Nýlega bætt við
A scoping review of the Cryosphere’s ecosystem services, disservices, and related indicators
(Elsevier, 2025-06) Malinauskaite, Laura; Cook, David; Zaman, Hashim; Gomez-Baggethun, Erik; Faculty of Economics (UI); Hagfræðideild (HÍ); School of Social Sciences (UI); Félagsvísindasvið (HÍ)
The cryosphere, which refers to the parts of the Earth’s surface where water is in solid form, is a major contributor to human wellbeing through the provision of vital ecosystem services. These include, e.g., groundwater recharge, water storage and purification, climate regulation, and diverse cultural and spiritual benefits. A systematized classification of ecosystem services can be used to define, measure, and value the ways in which the cryosphere contributes to society and to communicate these benefits in a clear, transparent and scientifically sound way, yet, it has been missing to date. This study builds on previous literature exploring the cryosphere’s positive and negative impacts on human wellbeing in the context of rapid climate change. It further organises this knowledge on a global scale with a view to enhancing scientific exploration and policy guidance, along with facilitating comparability between different studies. Our research applies the Search-Appraisal-Synthesis-Analysis (SALSA) literature review method and the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) to source and systemise the existing information on ecosystem services and disservices provided by the cryosphere, and possible indicators for monitoring their changes are identified. A total of 30 ecosystem services and 10 disservices were identified, together with indicators that could be used to monitor their trends in biophysical, economic, and sociocultural terms. Our research finds that the cryosphere continues to provide vital ecosystem services despite accelerated retreat of glaciers and other cryospheric components, but also an increasing amount of ecosystem disservices because of global climate change. Monitoring trends in the cryosphere’s contributions to human wellbeing has the potential to inform adaptive governance in fast-changing cryospheric environments.
The Genuine Progress Indicator for the transition economies of the Baltic States: reflections on economic welfare and methodological choices
(Elsevier, 2026-09) Malinauskaite, Laura; Cook, David; Davíðsdóttir, Brynhildur; Faculty of Economics (UI); Hagfræðideild (HÍ); School of Social Sciences (UI); Félagsvísindasvið (HÍ)
The Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania have experienced rapid Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth since the collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent transition from planned to market economy, reporting increasing levels of consumption and subjective wellbeing but persistent income inequality, which raises the question of whether economic expansion has translated into genuine welfare improvements. The study provides the first application of an updated Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) framework to the Baltic States for the period 1995-2023. To assess the robustness of the results, a sensitivity analysis of the components with the greatest influence on GPI values was conducted: valuation of lei-sure time, the cost of carbon, and the income inequality adjustment. The analysis reveals that economic welfare measured by the GPI has generally exceeded GDP across all three countries in the study period, apart from 2023 in Estonia and Lithuania, offering indications that the welfare returns of additional economic growth might be diminishing. However, the extent to which the GPI exceeds or falls below GDP varies considerably depending on pa-rameter choices. The sensitivity of the GPI to assumptions regarding hourly wages, carbon cost, and inequality baselines highlights methodological challenges that makes cross-country comparisons difficult. These findings caution against uncritical use of the GPI in pol-icy settings and highlight the need for methodological standardisation and clearer valuation guidelines if the metric is to serve as a credible tool for assessing progress beyond GDP.
The Genuine Progress Indicator’s development and applications – a systematic literature review from 1995 to 2023
(Springer Nature, 2026-01) Malinauskaite, Laura; Cook, David; Davíðsdóttir, Brynhildur; Faculty of Economics (UI); Hagfræðideild (HÍ); School of Social Sciences (UI); Félagsvísindasvið (HÍ)
The Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) is a composite economic indicator designed in 1995 to consider the trade-offs between the costs and benefits of economic activity, seeking to provide a more comprehensive view of macroeconomic wellbeing than is revealed by market activity measured by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The measure was developed as a response to the lack of consideration of societal and environmental dimensions in the economic development debate and includes monetary adjustments that reflect effects of economic activity to economic welfare. The study applies the PSALSAR systematic literature review methodology to extract the main themes and discussions related to the GPI, including its methods and policy applications, based on the period 1995 to 2023. The analysis of 43 reviewed publications suggest that the GPI has evolved substantially during the period examined, gaining more solid theoretical foundations, yet there are diverging opinions in the literature on its purpose, methodology, and extent to which it can inform sustainable development. Most of the studies were conducted in developed countries with the purpose of comparing GPI and GDP and highlighting the welfare implications of its different components. Various calls for GPI methodological alignment enabling comparability between studies remain largely unanswered, as the GPI 2.0 methodology has not gained traction. Varying accounting approaches used to compute GPI sub-indicators confirm a persistent lack of convention in valuation methods. The findings suggest ongoing development of the GPI since 1995 but scant evidence of its policy implementation. The lack of a shared vision for the future of the GPI among its practitioners appears to be one of the main obstacles to its further harmonisation and application.
Endometriosis is not associated with or linked to the GALT gene
(2001) Stefansson, Hreinn; Einarsdottir, Arna; Geirsson, Reynir T.; Jonsdottir, Kristin; Sverrisdottir, Gudlaug; Gudnadottir, Vala G.; Gunnarsdottir, Steinunn; Manolescu, Andrei; Gulcher, Jeffrey; Stefansson, Kari; Department of Engineering
Objective: To investigate a possible association between the carrier frequency of the N314D mutation in the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) gene and endometriosis and linkage to the short arm of chromosome 9, where the GALT gene resides. Design: Association and linkage study. Setting: Population material collected for case and family studies in endometriosis. Patient(s): Women diagnosed with endometriosis by laparotomy or laparoscopy.Intervention(s): Association with the GALT gene investigated by genotyping 85 affected women and 213 unrelated control women and a scan for linkage to chromosome 9 in 205 women from 64 families with endometriosis. Main Outcome Measure(s): Multipoint parametric lod scores and frequency of alleles.Result(s): There was no significant difference in allele frequency for the N314D polymorphism in patients compared with control subjects. No evidence for linkage was found to chromosome 9p, where the GALT gene resides. Conclusion(s): The experiments reported herein provide no evidence supporting involvement of the GALT locus in the development of endometriosis.
Area-based conservation in Iceland: Status and the way forward to the 30x30 area cover goal
(University of Iceland, Environment and Natural Resources, 2026-09) Siltanen, Jukka Kalervo; Pétursson, Jón Geir; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences (UI); Líf- og umhverfisvísindadeild (HÍ); School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI); Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ)
The Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM GBF) Target 3 (“30x30”) commits countries to achieve 30% protection of their territories by the year 2030 and that target is now in the new National Iceland Biodiversity Policy, recently published. This report evaluates Iceland’s status and progress towards the KM-GBF Target 3 on terrestrial and inland water areas, and provides strategic recommendations to expand and improve area based conservation following the National Iceland Biodiversity Policy. Importantly, this target is not only about the 30% as quantity, but more about its quality, hence issues of governance and management and ensuring it covers representative nature. To achieve Target 3 countries can employ two key strategies of area-based conservation, formally protected areas (PAs) and a more recent strategy called other effective conservation measures (OECMs).
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