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Algorismus: Hindu-Arabic Arithmetic in GKS 1812 4to
(Stofnun Árna Magnússonar í íslenskum fræðum, 2021) Bjarnadóttir, Kristín; Halldórsson, Bjarni Vilhjálmur; Harðarson, Gunnar; Etheridge, Christian; Nordal, Guðrún; Óskarsdóttir, Svanhildur
The Old Norse treatise Algorismus is a prose translation of the Latin hexameter poem Carmen de Algorismo, written in France in the early thirteenth century by Alexander de Villa Dei (ca. 1170–1240), who was a canon at St. Andrew’s Cathedral in Avranches. The Old Norse translation exists in four manuscripts, one of which is GKS 1812 4to, preserved at the Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies in Reykjavík. This translation is slightly extended by clarifications from the Icelandic writer on the original text. Furthermore, its content about drawing the cubic root seems to have enkindled association with ancient cosmological ideas, circulating in the medieval world, about the cubic numbers 8 and 27, associated with the elements of earth and fire, and further producing the numbers 12 and 18, representing water and air. This section about the elements is considered the only known incidence of a reference in Old Norse to the Timaeus of Plato, most likely derived from the Latin translation by Calcidius. The cosmological ideas seem also to be related to a theory on proportions, presented in the ancient textbook Elements by Euclid from 300 BC.
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GameQA: Gamified Mobile App Platform for Building Multiple-Domain Question-Answering Datasets
(Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023-05-01) Skarphedinsson, Njall; Gudmundsson, Breki; Smari, Steinar; Larusdottir, Marta Kristin; Einarsson, Hafsteinn; Khan, Abuzar; Nyberg, Eric; Loftsson, Hrafn; Department of Computer Science
The methods used to create many of the well-known Question-Answering (QA) datasets are hard to replicate for low-resource languages. A commonality amongst these methods is hiring annotators to source answers from the internet by querying a single answer source, such as Wikipedia. Applying these methods for low-resource languages can be problematic since there is no single large answer source for these languages. Consequently, this can result in a high ratio of unanswered questions, since the amount of information in any single source is limited. To address this problem, we developed a novel crowd-sourcing platform to gather multiple-domain QA data for low-resource languages. Our platform, which consists of a mobile app and a web API, gamifies the data collection process. We successfully released the app for Icelandic (a low-resource language with about 350,000 native speakers) to build a dataset which rivals large QA datasets for high-resource languages both in terms of size and ratio of answered questions. We have made the platform open source with instructions on how to localize and deploy it to gather data for other low-resource languages.
Verk
Mannauðsmál á óróatímum : Cranet rannsóknin 2021
(Bifrost University, 2022-06-02) Einarsdottir, Arney; Bjarnadóttir, Ásta; Ólafsdóttir, Katrín; Viðskipta- og hagfræðideild
Verk
Depressive symptom profiles in Icelandic team sport athletes : Nine quantitative case analyses over a 6-month period
(2024) Einarsdóttir, Fríða Rún; Arnardóttir, Nanna Ýr; Kristjánsdóttir, Hafrún; Belz, Johanna; Kenttä, Göran; Taehtinen, Richard Eirikur; Faculty of Nursing; Faculty of Psychology
Most studies to-date have used mean difference analyses to explore group differences in depressive symptoms among athletes. However, these traditional group mean analyses may mask important information concerning symptom profiles such as the severity, type, and number of symptoms. In this study, we examined idiographic depressive symptom profiles in nine Icelandic team sport athletes with recurrent clinically significant depressive symptoms (clinical symptoms at baseline and six-month follow-up) and those with depressive symptoms only at one time point. The aim was to explore depressive symptom patterns in these two groups and their relationship with daily functioning and changes in sport-specific factors. Among those with recurrent clinical symptoms, depressive symptom profiles were stable, both in terms of type and severity of symptoms, while those with clinically significant symptoms observed only at one time point showed generally fewer symptoms, symptom profiles were more variable, and total symptom scores were less severe. Interestingly, no clear associations were observed between sport-specific variables, such as satisfaction with the head coach or subjective evaluation of athletic performance, and depressive symptoms, as several cases reported satisfaction in these areas despite significant depressive symptoms. This idiographic approach highlights the need for targeted and continuous assessment to better understand depressive symptoms in athletes.
Verk
Self-compassion, depressive symptoms, and well-being: A cross-sectional exploration across athlete status and gender
(2025) Einarsdóttir, Fríða Rún; Arnardóttir, Nanna Ýr; Kristjánsdóttir, Hafrún; Belz, Johanna; Kenttä, Göran; Andersson, Mitchell; Taehtinen, Richard Eirikur; Faculty of Nursing; Faculty of Psychology
Self-compassion is associated with positive mental health outcomes and may buffer against negative self-evaluations and emotional difficulties. Nevertheless, studies among athletes often explore self-compassion in specific groups in isolation (e.g., women athletes) (Röthlin et al., 2019). The aims of this study were to 1) explore whether the relationship between gender and composite scores and specific dimensions of self-compassion (e.g., self-judgement) was moderated by athlete status; and 2) to explore the relationship between different dimensions of self-compassion and self-reported depressive symptoms and well-being among team sport athletes (n = 84, Mage = 22.9 ± 5.0; 57.1 %men) and non-athletes (n = 189, Mage = 35.5 ± 5.9; 32.8 %men). For our first aim, the relationship between gender and self-compassion (including specific dimensions) was not moderated by athlete status. However, regardless of gender, athletes reported significantly higher total self-compassion scores and significantly lower scores on specific dimensions of self-compassion, isolation, and over-identification, than non-athletes. For our second aim, self-judgement was positively associated with depressive symptoms in both athletes and non-athletes. Self-judgment was, however, negatively associated with well-being only among athletes, and isolation was negatively correlated with well-being only among non-athletes. Our results suggest that reducing self-judgement may be particularly important for promoting athletes’ mental health.