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Hauntography: Algorithmic Presence and the Out of Joint in Music AI
(University of Iceland, School of Humanities, Faculty of Icelandic and Comparative Cultural Studies, 2026-10) privato, nicola; Magnússon, Þórhallur; Einarsson, Einar Torfi; Faculty of Icelandic and Comparative Cultural Studies (UI); Íslensku og menningardeild (HÍ); School of Humanities (UI); Hugvísindasvið
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has developed at a rapid pace over the last decade. Accessible computing power and increasingly large datasets, coupled with recent advancements in machine learning techniques, have led to its extensive application in creative domains, including music and the arts. Among AI architectures, the deep learning subset has recently gained prominence. Deep learning models feature multiple processing layers that make them capable of identifying complex statistical patterns in large amounts of data. This architectural complexity makes these systems akin to black boxes, obscuring the processes that lead to the generation of their outputs. For this reason, explainable AI (XAI) has emerged as a prominent field of investigation. While XAI research often focuses on breaking open the AI black box, this dissertation takes a different stance and investigates the creative and epistemological value of AI’s opacity, using it as a theoretical probe to query AI itself. This dissertation asks (i) how the inherent opacity of deep learning systems can come to represent a creative resource, (ii) how this perspective can contribute to reassessing shifting notions of agency, authorship and intentionality in human-AI co-creation, and (iii) how insights from artistic practice may be used to understand the general impact of AI technologies on our society. The dissertation introduces two new interfaces for musical expression (NIMEs) designed to perform with real-time neural audio synthesis (NAS), a deep learning synthesis technique that has recently come to the fore due to its high fidelity and low latency. Three original artistic works based on NAS are then offered and discussed. This corpus, together with works from other artists, is used to answer the first research question, illustrating how artists often leverage AI’s opacity as a creative resource, and increasingly project presences of different kinds onto the hidden layers of AI models. To mobilise the insights from practice and answer the second research question, the dissertation draws on hauntology theory, and through a practice-informed comparative reading of Jacques Derrida and Mark Fisher, develops a framework I term hauntography. Central to this framework are Fisher’s notions of the weird and the eerie, which through Derrida I frame as two co-constitutive modes of phenomena viewed as spectral. Hauntography thus provides an extended vocabulary applicable to creative practice and critical analysis of phenomena from the perspective of epistemological and ontological liminality. To answer the third research question, the theoretical framework is operationalised through thematic analysis of interviews with artists whose practices involve generative AI, and with whom I collaborated during the research. This analysis offers three interrelated insights. First, I observe how AI musical interfaces are often valued by artists insofar as they introduce a weird and eerie perspective on the sonic world represented by the training data. I then develop the notion of spectrophonia to describe how AI outputs bear the deferring traces of the source material, pulverised and reconfigured into something other, yet eerily familiar. Finally, I extend spectrophonia beyond music AI to reflect on AI more broadly. Through a hauntographic reading of Marx, supported by the interviews and by practice, I describe AI as a spectral commodity. While commodities typically conceal the social relations they reify, AI is structurally unable to do so, since these, inscribed in its training data, have to be re-enacted through use.
Verk
Let’s Talk about Sex... and ADHD : Findings from an Anonymous Online Survey
(2023-02) Young, Susan; Klassen, Larry J.; Reitmeier, Shayne D.; Matheson, Jake D.; Gudjonsson, Gisli H.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. A dearth of studies have investigated psychosexuality in this population, often with few (predominantly male) participants. We recruited individuals with and without ADHD via an anonymous online survey distributed electronically by ADHD support organizations and social media. We investigated sexual history; interests and practices; and relationships. Of 1392 respondents, we classified an ‘ADHD’ group (n = 541; 30.5% male) and compared them to individuals of similar ages without ADHD, (‘Other’ group; n = 851; 37.6% male). The ADHD group (both males and females) had a significantly higher preference for same-sex or either-sex partners; and higher rates of electronic sexual exchanges, masturbation, and sexually transmitted diseases. They were more adventurous in sexual interests and practices and substantially less satisfied with their partners, both sexually and generally. Within the ADHD group, significant sex differences emerged: females had younger onset of sexual activities, used contraception less frequently, had more sexual partners and practiced more infidelity. Sexual interests differed between the sexes, but females more commonly acted on them, whereas males did not. Findings suggest both sexes engage in risky sexual behaviors, perhaps driven by impulsivity, but risk is substantially greater for females with ADHD.
Verk
Hunger effects on option quality for hedonic and utilitarian food products
(2023-01) Otterbring, Tobias; Folwarczny, Michał; Gidlöf, Kerstin; Department of Business and Economics
Multiple studies have examined the extent to which consumers’ hunger levels predict their food choices and preference patterns. These investigations often involve making binary choices between hedonic foods (e.g., ice cream) that primarily serve to provide sensory pleasure, and utilitarian foods (e.g., bread) that mainly fulfill functional purposes. However, most consumers entering a grocery store are not restricted to solely selecting either hedonic or utilitarian foods. Rather, they typically choose both hedonic and utilitarian food options. Moreover, little is known about the effects of hunger on consumers’ option quality (i.e., the degree of match between actual food choices and stated preferences) or their cognitive performance in food contexts. To address these gaps, the current study explored (1) whether experimentally induced hunger (vs. satiation) influences the option quality of consumers’ chosen food items; (2) whether this potential interplay is contingent on the food category (hedonic vs. utilitarian); and (3) whether hungry (vs. satiated) consumers’ performance may differ on cognitively challenging tasks. The results revealed that hunger did not lead to a generalized decrease in consumers’ option quality. However, option quality was inferior for utilitarian—but not hedonic—foods among hungry consumers, whereas no such differences were found for satiated consumers. Hungry (vs. satiated) consumers also performed significantly worse on cognitively demanding tasks, underscoring the far-reaching consequences of hunger on consumers’ decision-making. Further research should test the generalizability of these results in ecologically valid settings, such as in actual supermarkets.
Verk
Digital Therapeutic Intervention for Women in the UK Armed Forces Who Consume Alcohol at a Hazardous or Harmful Level : Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
(2023-01) Williamson, Grace; Carr, Ewan; Fear, Nicola T.; Dymond, Simon; King, Kate; Simms, Amos; Goodwin, Laura; Murphy, Dominic; Leightley, Daniel; Department of Psychology
Background: Alcohol misuse is common in the United Kingdom Armed Forces (UKAF), with prevalence significantly higher than in the general population. To date, digital health initiatives to support alcohol misuse have focused on male individuals, who represent approximately 89% of the UKAF. However, female veterans drink disproportionally more than female members of the public. Objective: This 2-arm participant-blinded (single-blinded) confirmatory randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to assess the efficacy of a brief alcohol intervention (DrinksRation) in reducing weekly self-reported alcohol consumption between baseline and a 3-month follow-up (day 84) among women who have served in the UKAF. Methods: In this 2-arm single-blinded RCT, a smartphone app that includes interactive user-focused features tailored toward the needs of female veterans and designed to enhance participants' motivations to reduce the amount of alcohol they consume is compared with the UK Chief Medical Officer guidance on alcohol consumption. The trial will be conducted among women who have served at least 1 day of paid service in the UKAF. Recruitment, consent, and data collection will be carried out automatically through the DrinksRation app or the BeAlcoholSmart platform. The primary outcome is change in self-reported weekly alcohol consumption between baseline (day 0) and the 3-month follow-up (day 84) measured using the Timeline Follow Back for alcohol consumption. The secondary outcome is the change in the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score measured at baseline and 3-month follow-up between the control and intervention groups. The process evaluation measures include (1) app use and (2) usability ratings as measured by the mHealth App Usability Questionnaire. Results: RCT recruitment will begin in January 2024 and last for 5 months. We aim to complete all data collection, including interviews, by May 2024. Conclusions: This study will assess whether a smartphone app tailored to the needs of women who have served in the UKAF is efficacious in reducing self-reported alcohol consumption. If successful, the digital therapeutics platform could be used not only to support women who have served in the UKAF but also for other conditions and disorders.
Verk
An experiment generates a specified mean strained rate turbulent flow : Dynamics of particles
(2023-01) Hassanian, R.; Helgadóttir; Bouhlali, Lahcen; Riedel, M.
This study aimed to simulate straining turbulent flow empirically, having direct similarities with vast naturally occurring flows and engineering applications. The flow was generated in 100 < R e λ < 500 and seeded with passive and inertial particles. Lagrangian particle tracking and particle image velocimetry were employed to extract the dynamics of particle statistics and flow features, respectively. The studies for axisymmetric straining turbulent flow reported that the strain rate, flow geometry, and gravity affect particle statistics. To practically investigate mentioned effects in the literature, we present the behavior of both passive and inertial particles from the novel experiment conducted on initially homogeneous turbulence undergoing a sudden axisymmetric expansion. We represent the result with two different mean strains and Reynolds-Taylor microscales. However, this study, in contrast to the previous studies, considers the fields of inertial particles in the presence of gravity. The result discloses that the novel designed and conducted experiments simulated the flow satisfactorily. Then, the particle behavior in such flow showed the effectiveness of the flow distortion on particle dynamics such as velocity root mean square and Reynolds stress. Straining turbulence flow is subject to many industrial applications and physics studies, such as stagnation points, external flow around an airfoil, internal flow in changeable cross section pipe, expansion in the engine mixing chamber, and leading edge erosion. This study's conclusion could apply constructively to these areas.

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