Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Nýlega bætt við
Thermal hysteresis analysis of finned-heat-pipe-assisted latent heat thermal energy storage application for solar water heater system
(2022-12) Bazri, Shahab; Badruddin, Irfan Anjum; Usmani, Abdullah Yousuf; Anwar Khan, Saleem; Kamangar, Sarfaraz; Naghavi, Mohammad Sajad; Rahman Mallah, Abdul; Abdelrazek, Ali H.
This work numerically investigates the performance of an innovative compact-design solar water heater (SWH) using evacuated tube heat pipe solar collectors (ETHPSCs) coupled with a latent heat storage tank (LHS tank). This system is thought to be an unwritten fourth generation of solar water heaters known as heat-pipe-assisted thermal batteries. The basic and explicit hypothesis is to store energy than a bulk of hot water, which is the key distinction in compared to the prior classical sorts. Using three phase change materials (PCMs) for high and low solar intensity categories in the tropical region of South East Asia, a computational effort is conducted to model the system and the given temperature headed for the supply output hot water. This research is validated by two interrelated experimental and analytical investigations. According to the results of 12-h charging (melting) process, the maximum mean temperature of the PCMs belongs to PCM C, Rubitherm (RT70HC), which indicates 101 °C during the defined typical high daily solar radiation. This value implies 2.02% error in compared to the reference study. Referring to the solid-liquid interface parameter, the maximum liquefied thickness is also for PCM C with 76 mm thickness. However, reaching the complete melting is required by further studies.
The development of an automated machine learning pipeline for the detection of Alzheimer’s Disease
(2022-12) Chedid, Nicholas; Tabbal, Judie; Kabbara, Aya; Allouch, Sahar; Hassan, Mahmoud
Although Alzheimer’s disease is the most prevalent form of dementia, there are no treatments capable of slowing disease progression. A lack of reliable disease endpoints and/or biomarkers contributes in part to the absence of effective therapies. Using machine learning to analyze EEG offers a possible solution to overcome many of the limitations of current diagnostic modalities. Here we develop a logistic regression model with an accuracy of 81% that addresses many of the shortcomings of previous works. To our knowledge, no other study has been able to solve the following problems simultaneously: (1) a lack of automation and unbiased removal of artifacts, (2) a dependence on a high level of expertise in data pre-processing and ML for non-automated processes, (3) the need for very large sample sizes and accurate EEG source localization using high density systems, (4) and a reliance on black box ML approaches such as deep neural nets with unexplainable feature selection. This study presents a proof-of-concept for an automated and scalable technology that could potentially be used to diagnose AD in clinical settings as an adjunct to conventional neuropsychological testing, thus enhancing efficiency, reproducibility, and practicality of AD diagnosis.
Numerical modeling of reinjection and tracer transport in a shallow aquifer, Nesjavellir Geothermal System, Iceland
(2022-12) Gómez-Díaz, Esteban; Scott, Samuel; Ratouis, Thomas; Newson, Juliet
Reinjection of excess water from the power production process in the Nesjavellir geothermal field has increased the temperature of shallow groundwaters, posing a risk to cold water wells used for the power plant as well as the ecosystem in Lake Thingvellir. Here, we present a numerical model of fluid flow and heat transport in the shallow reinjection zone to elucidate the flow path of reinjected liquid and the impact of reinjection on the temperature of groundwaters. The permeability structure of the model is based on a 3D geological model of the area. The numerical simulation is calibrated against underground water temperature data measured between 1998 and 2018 and data from a tracer test performed in 2018–2019. The model reproduces the overall temperature field and shows how a high-permeability lava flow together with rift-parallel normal faults act as permeable channels controlling fluid transport. If injection continues, the temperature along the lava flow increases considerably and spreads vertically to much deeper levels, generating a narrow warm zone along the main fault. If shallow injection ceases, temperature drops rapidly at the surface, but decreases slowly around the reinjection zone over 20 years. The numerical model in this study allowed a better characterization of the fracture–matrix interface and the porosity of post-glacial lava flows, contributing to sustainable management of the geothermal resource and the surrounding environment.
Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic shoulder and elbow score in Finnish-speaking overhead athletes
(2022-12) Sukanen, Maria; Pajari, Jesse; Äyrämö, Sami; Paloneva, Juha; Waller, Benjamin; Häkkinen, Arja; Multanen, Juhani
Background: The Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow score (KJOC) is developed to evaluate the shoulder and elbow function in overhead athletes. To date, the score has not been adapted into Finnish language. The aim of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow score (KJOC) into Finnish language and evaluate its validity, reliability, and responsiveness in overhead athletes. Methods: Forward–backward translation method was followed in the cross-cultural adaptation process. Subsequently, 114 overhead athletes (52 males, 62 females, mean age 18.1 ± 2.8 years) completed the Finnish version of KJOC score, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES) and RAND-36 to assess validity of the KJOC score. To evaluate reliability and responsiveness, the participants filled in the KJOC score 16 days and eight months after the first data collection. Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the Finnish KJOC score were statistically tested. Results: Minor modifications were made during the cross-cultural translation and adaptation process, which were related to culture specific terminology in sports and agreed by an expert committee. Construct validity of the KJOC score was moderate to high, based on the correlations with DASH (r = − 0.757); DASH sports module (r = − 0.667); ASES (r = 0.559); and RAND-36 (r = 0.397) questionnaires. Finnish KJOC score showed excellent internal consistency (α = 0.92) and good test–retest reliability (2-way mixed-effects model ICC = 0.77) with acceptable measurement error level (SEM 5.5; MDC 15.1). Ceiling effect was detected for asymptomatic athletes in each item (23.2–61.1%), and for symptomatic athletes in item 5 (47.4%). Responsiveness of the Finnish KJOC score could not be confirmed due to conflicting follow-up results. Conclusion: The Finnish KJOC score was found to be a valid and reliable questionnaire measuring the self-reported upper arm status in Finnish-speaking overhead athletes.
Cognitive behavioural group therapy as addition to psychoeducation and pharmacological treatment for adolescents with ADHD symptoms and related impairments : a randomised controlled trial
(2022-12) Haugan, Anne Lise Juul; Sund, Anne Mari; Young, Susan; Thomsen, Per Hove; Lydersen, Stian; Nøvik, Torunn Stene
Background: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is recommended for attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD) in adolescents. However, all CBTs are not created equal, and the guidelines do not specify which CBT interventions are the most effective for this patient group. This study examines the efficacy of a group CBT without parent involvement as follow-up treatment compared to no additional CBT in adolescents with persistent and impairing ADHD symptoms after a short psychoeducational intervention and medical treatment. Methods: The authors conducted a two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial in two child and adolescent mental health outpatient clinics in Norway. One hundred patients aged 14–18 years with a diagnosis of ADHD (66%) or subthreshold ADHD (34%) were randomized to either a 12-week group CBT program (N = 50) or a non-CBT control condition (N = 50). Assessments were made at admission to the clinic, two weeks before and two weeks after treatment. The primary outcomes were parent-, teacher- and self-ratings of ADHD symptoms (ADHD Rating Scale-IV), and the secondary outcomes were ratings of ADHD symptom severity, executive function, functional impairment, and emotional problems. Evaluators blinded to group allocation rated ADHD symptom severity with the Clinical Global Impression Scale for Severity (CGI-S) at baseline and post-treatment. Results: Analyses using mixed-effects models showed no difference between the treatment arms from baseline to post treatment in primary and secondary outcomes. Conclusions: Contrary to our hypothesis, we found no incremental treatment effect on the part of a group CBT as follow-up to psychoeducation and pharmacological treatment on ADHD symptoms and accompanying impairments. Limitations with the CBT was the large number and low dosage of treatment components, causing restricted time for practice. Unlike evidence-based, individualized targeted CBTs with parent involvement, a group CBT directed solely at the adolescents with no parent involvement does not appear effective for treating ADHD. Trial registration: NCT02937142, 18/10/2016.
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
Veldu flokk til að skoða.
- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts