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Experimentally validated dual-band GHz metamaterial perfect absorber biosensor with negative-index response and AI-assisted electromagnetic analysis for breast cancer dielectric discrimination
(2026-06-25) Hamza, Musa N.; Islam, Mohammad Tariqul; Koziel, Slawomir; Alibakhshikenari, Mohammad; Virdee, Bal; Mariyanayagam, Dion; Lavadiya, Sunil; Din, Iftikhar ud; Sanches, Bruno; Naqvi, Syeda Iffat; Panda, Abinash; Farmani, Ali; Mezache, Zinelabiddine; Shamsan, Zaid Ahmed; Farmani, Homa; Ghafourivayghan, Mahdi; Chaudhary, Muhammad Akmal; Naser-Moghadasi, Mohammad; Islam, Md Shabiul; Department of Engineering
A dual-band GHz metamaterial absorber (MPA) biosensor is presented as a proof-of-concept platform for dielectric-sensitive electromagnetic sensing integrated with AI-assisted broadband spectral analysis. The proposed three-layer copper–FR-4–copper structure exhibits near-unity absorption at 6.0 GHz and 9.1 GHz and demonstrates engineered negative-index behavior, which enhances electromagnetic field confinement and sensitivity to dielectric perturbations. The biosensor was fabricated using standard PCB technology and experimentally validated through free-space microwave measurements, showing excellent agreement with simulations and absorption exceeding 92.5% and 99.8% at the two resonant frequencies. For dielectric-sensitive analysis, the sensor response was evaluated under simulation-based loading conditions using low-loss COC/COP coverslip layers and literature-reported electromagnetic properties representative of healthy-like and malignant-like breast environments. Distinct broadband spectral perturbations were observed across the 5–10 GHz frequency range, demonstrating sensitivity to dielectric-property variations. Sensor performance was assessed using quality factor, sensitivity, and figure-of-merit metrics. An AI-assisted spectral interpretation framework was developed using distance- and correlation-based analysis of the broadband electromagnetic response. The results demonstrate that the proposed platform combines dual-band high-Q absorption, engineered triple-negative electromagnetic characteristics, and AI-assisted spectral analysis within a unified microwave biosensing framework. No biological samples were evaluated in this study; therefore, the reported results should be interpreted as simulation-based dielectric-loading analyses rather than validated cancer-detection outcomes.
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Association of major adverse cardiovascular events with the apnea-hypopnea index, desaturation severity parameters, and cardiac troponins in participants of the Akershus Sleep APnea cohort
(2026-08) Feng, Xin; Sigurdardottir, Fjola; Arnardottir, Erna Sif; Dammen, Toril; Einvik, Gunnar; Korkalainen, Henri; Klungsøyr, Ole; Leppänen, Timo; Nordhus, Inger Hilde; Nikkonen, Sami; Töyräs, Juha; Thorshov, Thea; Øverby, Tonje Caroline; Omland, Torbjørn; Hrubos-Strøm, Harald; Department of Engineering
Study Objectives: To examine the prognostic value of the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), desaturation severity parameters, and cardiac troponins alone and combined for major cardiovascular events (MACEs). Methods: MACE data were retrieved in 2021 from the Norwegian Patient Registry for 518 participants in the Akershus Sleep APnea (ASAP) cohort. Baseline polysomnography and fasting blood samples were collected between June 2006 and January 2008. Desaturation duration (DesDur) and severity (DesSev) were calculated using Automatic Blood Oxygen Saturation Analysis software. Cox regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for MACE. Predictive properties of combining troponins and obstructive sleep apnea severity were calculated by comparing established clinical thresholds for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and T (cTnT) with AHI clinical thresholds of ≥15 and ≥30, respectively. Results: High AHI, DesDur, DesSev, cTnI, and cTnT were associated with increased MACE risk. However, only cTnI independently predicted MACE after adjustment (HR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.32–2.29). The HR for MACE was 2.68 (95% CI: 1.03–6.97) in patients with both high cTnI and AHI ≥30 events/h. Conclusion: In this 15-year follow-up, cTnI was independently associated with risk of MACE, whereas the AHI, desaturation parameters, and cTnT were not independent predictors. cTnI, especially when combined with AHI, was a stronger MACE predictor than cTnT. Provided our findings are validated in clinical obstructive sleep apnea populations, the measurement of cTnI may be considered for cardiovascular risk stratification.
Verk
Applying the commercial determinants of health framework to understand how digital platforms influence child and youth wellbeing
(2026-12) Halsall, Tanya; Holmgren, Alexis; Arseneau, Zac; Jan, Misha; Khanna, Nishad; Obeid, Nicole; Thorisdottir, Ingibjorg Eva; Zenone, Marco; Cheng, Michael; Bellefeuille, Amanda
The influence of social media on youth mental health has been under debate in scientific communities over the last several years. In this perspective paper, we suggest that there is a need to shift focus away from finding ways to ascertain causal connections at the global scale toward developing solutions that address existing demonstrated harms. Specifically, we suggest that commercial determinants of health (CDoH) frameworks offer important guidance for addressing harms by informing upstream solutions that target critical business practices that create negative health impacts. Based on this framing, we recommend the adoption of a precautionary approach and outline a range of critical solutions that place responsibility for youth online safety on digital platforms through standard-driven and externally accountable systems of protection. We advocate that these strategies must involve multi-sectoral collaborations that are informed by the lived experiences of children, youth, and families.
Verk
Ribbed moraines formed during deglaciation of the Icelandic Ice Sheet : implications for ice-stream dynamics
(2025) Aradóttir, Nína; Benediktsson, Ívar Örn; Helgadóttir, Erla Guðný; Ingólfsson, Ólafur; Brynjólfsson, Skafti; Farnsworth, Wesley R.; Faculty of Earth Sciences; Engineering and Natural Sciences
Investigations of the geomorphological fingerprints of palaeo-ice streams are essential for enhancing our understanding of ice-stream behaviour. Cross-cutting flowsets of palaeo-ice streams, during and following the Last Glacial Maximum, have been suggested in northeast Iceland based on the mapping of streamlined subglacial bedforms (SSBs). To increase our understanding of the dynamics of the Icelandic Ice Sheet (IIS) during deglaciation, we investigate transverse ridges, together with glacifluvial and ice-marginal landforms, within the largest flowset. The main emphasis is on the transverse ridges, which are primarily interpreted as ribbed moraines – the first to be described in Iceland. Morphological data are combined with sedimentological analyses of the ribbed moraines. Our results show that the ribbed moraines are composed of pre-existing material, often exhibiting a base of stratified glacifluvial sediments draped with subglacial till. Deformation and thrust structures within both units suggest compressional flow during the formation of the ridges. Our results suggest the ribbed moraines develop due to velocity gradients under the lateral shear margin of an ice stream based on their distribution and often oblique orientation in relation to SSBs. The ribbed moraines superimpose and thus post-date the SSBs, signifying the waning stage of ice streaming. We suggest that the ridges formed during ice-stream shutdown following the Younger Dryas and/or Preboreal re-advances. Eskers and ice-marginal landforms imply channelized water drainage during the final deglaciation interrupted by short-lived re-advances. This study has implications for the style of deglaciation associated with ice streaming in the northeastern part of the IIS. We characterize the role of ribbed moraines within the ice sheet and identify directions for future work.
Verk
Globalisation and Court Practice in Iceland : New Case Law of the Supreme Court in Relation to the EEA Agreement and European Convention on Human Rights
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2021) Thorsteinsdóttir, Halldóra; Department of Law
This article examines the status of international treaties in Iceland law and how Icelandic court practice has developed in recent years in that area. With regard to the relationship between domestic law and international law, Iceland adheres to the principle of dualism. This means that international law does not come into force as Icelandic law unless implemented by the legislator. As a result, Icelandic Courts will not, in general, apply provisions of international treaties unless they have been incorporated into Icelandic statutory law. However, this does not mean that international obligation are not fulfilled, as Icelandic Courts will seek to interpret domestic law in line with international obligation to the extent possible. If an international treaty has been implemented into Icelandic law, its provisions are binding like other domestic law. With regard to the EEA Agreement, Icelandic Courts will seek to interpret national law in accordance with EEA obligations and follow the judgments of the EFTA Court if the Icelandic provision in question is open to such an interpretation. With regard to the European Convention on Human Rights, Icelandic Courts will even go a step further, as recent judgments show that Icelandic Courts tend to interpret the human rights provisions of the Icelandic Constitution in line with interpretation laid down by The European Court of Human Rights, even in cases where such an interpretation does not exactly fit within the direct wording of the provision in question. This is due to a special connection between the human rights chapter of the Icelandic Constitution and the Convention, as one of the legislators’ main goals when amending the Constitution in 1994 was to bring the human rights chapter more in line with the Convention.

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