Opin vísindi
Opin vísindi er varðveislusafn vísindaefnis og doktorsritgerða í opnum aðgangi á vegum íslenskra háskóla og Landsbókasafns Íslands - Háskólabókasafns.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Opinn aðgangur að rannsóknaniðurstöðum er í samræmi við 10. gr. laga nr. 3/2003 um opinberan stuðning við vísindarannsóknir sem og kröfur innlendra og erlendra rannsóknasjóða. Markmiðið með opnum aðgangi er að niðurstöður rannsókna séu aðgengilegar sem flestum óhindrað og án endurgjalds á rafrænu formi. Vistun í varðveislusafninu er varanleg og ætlað að tryggja aðgang að vísindaefni íslenskra háskóla í opnum aðgangi um ókomna tíð. Varðveislusafnið Opin vísindi er tengt við rannsóknagáttina IRIS og rannsóknaniðurstöður í opnum aðgangi sem eru skráðar í IRIS eru um leið vistaðar og gerðar aðgengilegar til framtíðar í varðveislusafninu. Með því að safna þessu efni saman í eitt safn verður aðgangur að því einfaldur og þægilegur fyrir alla sem vilja kynna sér það og geta þannig notið þess öfluga vísindastarfs sem fram fer í háskólum landsins.
Varðveislusafnið er OpenAIRE / OpenAIREplus samhæft og samrýmist kröfum sem gerðar eru um birtingu rannsóknaniðurstaðna úr verkefnum sem styrkt eru úr evrópsku rannsóknaáætlununum FP7 og H2020.
Varðveislusafnið notar opna hugbúnaðinn DSpace.
Nýlega bætt við
Epidemiology of spinal fractures and associated spinal cord injuries in Iceland
(2018-12) Kristinsdóttir, Eyrún Arna; Knútsdóttir, Sigrún; Sigvaldason, Kristinn; Jónsson, Halldór; Ingvarsson, Páll E.; Department of Engineering
Study design: A retrospective epidemiological study. Setting: Landspítali University Hospital, Iceland. Objectives: Assessment of epidemiological data and risk factors for traumatic spinal fractures (SFs) and associated spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: A retrospective review of hospital admissions due to traumatic SFs during a 5-year period, with analysis of epidemiological parameters and occurrence of concomitant SCI. Patients with asymptomatic SFs and non-traumatic SCI were excluded. Results: A total of 487 patients were diagnosed with a SF or 310 PMI (per million inhabitants), 42 of them (9%, 27 PMI) with an associated SCI. The mean age was 56 years, males were 57%. Falls were the leading cause of both SFs (49%) and SCIs (43%). Low falls (<1 m) caused SFs more often in elderly women (67%, mean age 77 years) and more than 96% were without SCI. Road traffic accidents (RTA) caused 31% of SFs and 26% of SCIs. Seat belts were not used in 20% of car accidents, but information was missing in 27%. Sports/leisure-related accidents caused SFs in 12% of cases, whereof horseback riding accidents were the most common (36%). Conclusions: SFs led to SCI in 9% of patients. Several risk factors were common for SFs and SCIs but two major differences were seen: SFs without SCI were most common in older women due to low falls, while the risk of a concomitant SCI increased in young patients, in males, in falls from high levels and when driving without using seat belts. Preventive efforts should therefore be directed towards these risk factors.
Activation of Complement Following Total Hip Replacement
(2016-03-01) Thordardottir, S.; Vikingsdottir, T.; Bjarnadottir, H.; Jonsson, H.; Gudbjornsson, B.; Department of Engineering
The aim of this study was to investigate whether complement activation, via the classical and alternative pathways, occurs following a cemented total hip replacement (THR) surgery due to osteoarthritis. Blood samples were collected systematically from 12 patients - six male and six women, with a median age of 75 (range: 59-90 years) - preoperatively, 6 h post-operatively and on the first, second and third post-operative day. Total function of classical (CH50) and alternative pathways (AH50) was evaluated, along with the determination of serum concentrations of the complement proteins C3, C4, C3d, the soluble terminal complement complex (sTCC) sC5b-9, as well as C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin. Measurements of CRP and albumin levels elucidated a marked inflammatory response following the operation. The CH50, AH50 and C3 and C4 levels were significantly lower 6 h after the surgery compared with the preoperative levels, but elevated above the preoperative levels during the following 3 days. The complement activation product C3d levels increased continually during the whole observation period, from 13.5 AU/ml (range: 8-19 AU/ml) preoperative to 20 AU/ml (range: 12-34 AU/ml) on the third post-operative day. Furthermore, we observed an increase in the sC5b-9 levels between the preoperative and the third post-operative day. These results demonstrate a significant activation of the complement system following cemented THR. Further studies are needed to elucidate the time frame and the pathogenic role of this observed complement activation.
The Scandinavian Sarcoma Group Central Register : 6,000 patients after 25 years of monitoring of referral and treatment of extremity and trunk wall soft-tissue sarcoma
(2017-05-04) Trovik, Clement; Bauer, Henrik C.F.; Styring, Emelie; Sundby Hall, Kirsten; Vult Von Steyern, Fredrik; Eriksson, Sigvard; Johansson, Ingela; Sampo, Mika; Laitinen, Minna; Kalén, Anders; Jónsson, Halldór; Jebsen, Nina; Eriksson, Mikael; Tukiainen, Erkki; Wall, Najme; Zaikova, Olga; Sigurðsson, Helgi; Lehtinen, Tuula; Bjerkehagen, Bodil; Skorpil, Mikael; Egil Eide, Geir; Johansson, Elisabeth; Alvegard, Thor A.; Department of Engineering
Purpose — We wanted to examine the potential of the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group (SSG) Central Register, and evaluate referral and treatment practice for soft-tissue sarcomas in the extremities and trunk wall (STS) in the Nordic countries. Background — Based on incidence rates from the literature, 8,150 (7,000–9,300) cases of STS of the extremity and trunk wall should have been diagnosed in Norway, Finland, Iceland, and Sweden from 1987 through 2011. The SSG Register has 6,027 cases registered from this period, with 5,837 having complete registration of key variables. 10 centers have been reporting to the Register. The 5 centers that consistently report treat approximately 90% of the cases in their respective regions. The remaining centers have reported all the patients who were treated during certain time periods, but not for the entire 25-year period. Results — 59% of patients were referred to a sarcoma center untouched, i.e. before any attempt at open biopsy. There was an improvement from 52% during the first 5 years to 70% during the last 5 years. 50% had wide or better margins at surgery. Wide margins are now achieved less often than 20 years ago, in parallel with an increase in the use of radiotherapy. For the centers that consistently report, 97% of surviving patients are followed for more than 4 years. Metastasis-free survival (MFS) increased from 67% to 73% during the 25-year period. Interpretation — The Register is considered to be representative of extremity and trunk wall sarcoma disease in the population of Scandinavia, treated at the reporting centers. There were no clinically significant differences in treatment results at these centers.
Mænuskaoi af völdum slysa á Íslandi á árunum 1975-2014
(2016) Kristinsdóttir, Eyrún Arna; Knútsdóttir, Sigrún; Sigvaldason, Kristinn; Jónsson, Halldór; Ingvarsson, Páll E.; Verkfræðideild
Introduction: Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is serious and often has long-term consequences. Since no cure has been found the emphasis has been on preventive measures. The incidence of TSCI varies between countries and the epidemiology has been changing. The aim of this study was to gather epidemiological data on patients with TSCI in Iceland and search for risk factors. Material and methods: Hospital records of everyone diagnosed with TSCI in 1975-2014 admitted to Landspitali University Hospital were reviewed and information gathered on incidence, age, gender and causes of injury. The American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) was used to assess the extent of TSCI. Results: A total of 233 patients were diagnosed with TSCI during the study period or 26 per million annually on average. Males were 73% and the mean age was 39 years. Traffic accidents were the most common cause of TSCI. The majority were car rollovers in rural areas. Around 50% did not use a seatbelt. The second most common cause of TSCI were falls. The most common sport/leisure accidents were those related to horseback-riding and winter sports. A third of patients had a complete SCI. At discharge 9% had gained full recovery. Conclusions: Safe roads and good traffic culture are essential factors in the prevention of serious traffic accidents. Strict safety regulations in the work place and an investigation of causes of falls amongst the elderly could decrease SCIs due to falls. Further preventive measures and protective equipment could possibly be of use in sport- or leisure-related activities.
Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injuries in Iceland from 1975 to 2009
(2012-02) Knútsdóttir, S.; Thórisdóttir, H.; Sigvaldason, K.; Jónsson, H.; Björnsson, A.; Ingvarsson, P.; Department of Engineering
Study design:Retrospective population-based epidemiological study. Objectives: To assess the nationwide, population-based incidence, causes, age, gender, extent and prevalence of spinal cord injuries (SCIs) in Iceland from 1975 to 2009. Setting: Landspitali University Hospital in Iceland, the single referral center for SCIs in Iceland. Methods: A retrospective review of hospital records on all admissions due to SCIs. Analysis of incidence, causes, age, gender, extent of injury and prevalence. Results: A total of 207 patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) were admitted: males 72%, females 28%. The percentage of females with TSCI increased to 37% in 2000-2004. Mean age at injury was 38 years. Average incidence per million population per year was 30 in 1975-1979, 12.5 in 1995-1999 and 33.5 in 2005-2009. Thirty-day mortality was 6.3%. Causes of injury were road traffic accidents (RTA) in 42.5% of the cases; the majority did not use seatbelts. Falls amounted to 30.9%, with an increase of low falls among the elderly causing incomplete cervical lesions. Sport/leisure activities were the cause in 18.8%, of which 54% occurred after 2000. The main single cause of TSCI in sport/leisure were horse-riding accidents, followed by winter sport accidents, especially among women. Other causes constituted 7.7%. The injury was complete in 39%; cervical lesions were 57% and thoracic/lumbar lesions were 43%. In December 2009, the crude prevalence rate was 526 per million population.Conclusions:The findings showed a significant increase of TSCI in 2005-2009, especially in sport/leisure accidents and incomplete cervical lesions due to falls among elderly. Prevention strategies need to focus on these risk groups and on seatbelt use.
Flokkar í Opnum vísindum
Veldu flokk til að skoða.
- University of Iceland
- University of Akureyri
- Bifröst University
- Hólar University College
- IRIS
- Agricultural University of Iceland
- National and University Library of Iceland
- Iceland University of the Arts