Dissecting the regulatory role for a MUC5B polymorphism involved in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

dc.contributorHáskóli Íslandsen_US
dc.contributorUniversity of Icelanden_US
dc.contributor.advisorMagnús Karl Magnússonen_US
dc.contributor.authorArmesto Jimenez, Amaranta
dc.contributor.departmentLæknadeild (HÍ)en_US
dc.contributor.departmentFaculty of Medicine (UI)en_US
dc.contributor.schoolHeilbrigðisvísindasvið (HÍ)en_US
dc.contributor.schoolSchool of Health Sciences (UI)en_US
dc.date.accessioned2018-08-13T10:25:49Z
dc.date.available2018-08-13T10:25:49Z
dc.date.issued2018-08-17
dc.descriptionThesis for a doctoral degree at the University of Icelanden_US
dc.description.abstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a severe lung disease with unknown aetiology. The lifespan is approximately 3 to 5 years after diagnosis, and the treatments available such as lung transplant are high risk and are not suitable for all patients. In recent years, new drugs such as pirferidone and nintedanib have proved to slow down IPF progression by targeting profibrotic signaling pathways. However, IPF is usually detected in advanced stages, diminishing the beneficial effect of new treatments. Therefore, to find novel risk factors and preclinical characteristics of IPF has become an important task in the field. A recent genome wide association study (GWAS) performed in IPF patients compared to controls revealed a common MUC5B cis-regulatory region polymorphism (rs35705950), where a G is replaced by a T allele in around 45% of IPF patient compared to an 11% allele frequency in controls. This polymorphism has become the strongest risk factor (genetic and otherwise) associated with IPF. Furthermore, the presence of the minor T allele has been associated to subclinical lung fibrosis, suggesting an important role of the MUC5B polymorphism early in IPF development. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of the MUC5B cis-regulatory polymorphism remains unknown. In this study we have focused on the molecular consequences of the polymorphism on the regulation of MUC5B expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. The results shown in this project corroborate the gain of function role of the minor T allele. Also, we have identified a combined mechanism involving both methylation and direct transcriptional regulation mediated by the polymorphic variant on MUC5B overexpression. On the one hand, the minor T allele destroys a CpG methylation site, previously associated with MUC5B inhibition. On the other hand, the replacement of the wild type G allele with a T allele generates a novel C/EBPβ activating transcription binding site. Using two different approach models that include the use of luciferase reporter vectors and CRISPR-Cas9 editing technique we show the differential methylation pattern between both alleles and analyze the effect on MUC5B expression. Also, based on CRISPR edited cell lines we show the binding of C/EBPβ in MUC5B cis-regulatory domain only in presence of the minor T allele. Finally, we show preliminary data that correlates the MUC5B overexpression in T allele cells to characteristics of the cellular stress, as reduced proliferation ratio, overexpression of the ER stress marker C/EBPζ transcription factor and increased number of mitochondria. Altogether, the findings presented in this project assessed the bases for a better understanding of the rs35705950 T allele effect in MUC5B overexpression that would lead to specific treatments in the future as well as validate the use of rs35705950 polymorphism as a risk marker for IPF development.en_US
dc.description.abstractLungnatrefjun af óþekktum uppruna (IPF) er alvarlegur og ólæknandi sjúkdómur. Lifun eftir greiningu er um 3-5 ár og eina læknandi meðferðin er lungnaígræðsla, sem ekki allir þola. Nýverið hafa komið fram lyf á borð við pirferidone og nintedanib sem hafa náð að hægja á framgangi sjúkdómsins með því að hamla boðferla sem leiða til trefjunar. Þó er það þannig að IPF greinist oftast seint í sjúkdómsferlinu þannig að líkur á læknandi meðferð eru minni. Því er afar mikilvægt að uppgötva nýja áhættuþætti sjúkdómsins sem hægt er að nota til greiningar fyrr í ferlinu. Nýleg erfðamengis – tengslagreining á IPF sjúklingum samanborið við heilbrigða einstaklinga leiddi í ljós að einbasabreytileiki (G-T) (rs35705950) í stýrisvæði MUC5B gensins var til staðar í 45% IPF sjúklinga samanborið við 11% heilbrigðra. Þessi breytileiki er í dag stærsti þekkti áhættuþáttur fyrir IPF. G-T breytingin hefur einnig verið tengd við snemkomna trefjun í lungum, sem bendir til tengsla stökkbreytinga í MUC5B og lungnatrefjunar. Fram til þessa hefur ekki verið ljóst hvernig þessi einbasabreytileiki hefur þessi áhrif. Í þessu verkefni eru sameindalíffræðilegar afleiðingar stökkbreytingarinnar á tjáningarstjórn MUC5B í þekjufrumum lungna útskýrðar, en meðal annars er notast við CRISPR-Cas9 erfðabreytingaraðferðina. Niðurstöður rannsóknarinnar sýna fram á aukna tjáningu í viðurvist T- einbasabreytileikans. Þessi tjáningaraukning virðist drifin af tveimur atburðum; CpG metyleringar eyja eyðileggst (sem áður hefur verið tengd við bælingu á tjáningu) og nýr bindistaður myndast fyrir hvetjandi umritunarþáttinn C/EBPβ. Ennfremur sýnum við gögn sem tengja T erfðabreytileika MUC5B við lykilþætti frumuálags, svo sem minnkaða frumufjölgun, aukna tjáningu á umritunarþættinum C/EBPζ og aukinn fjölda hvatbera. Þetta verkefni hefur varpað nýju ljósi á rs35705950 stökkbreytinguna í IPF og tengt oftjáningu á MUC5B við sjúkdóminn með beinum hætti. Þessar niðurstöður tengja MUC5B beint við IPF og leggja grunn að nýrri sýn á því hvernig þessi einbasabreytileiki tengist tilurð IPF.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipSupported by the Icelandic Research Council (RANNÍS) project grant.en_US
dc.identifier.isbn978-9935-9421-1-1
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/764
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherUniversity of Iceland, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicineen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectCEBPBen_US
dc.subjectIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosisen_US
dc.subjectMethylationen_US
dc.subjectMUC5Ben_US
dc.subjectpolymorphismen_US
dc.subjectrs35705950 polymorphismen_US
dc.subjectLungnasjúkdómaren_US
dc.subjectStökkbreytingaren_US
dc.subjectErfðabreytileikien_US
dc.subjectDoktorsritgerðiris
dc.titleDissecting the regulatory role for a MUC5B polymorphism involved in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosisen_US
dc.title.alternativeHlutverk erfðabreytileika í stjórnsvæði MUC5B gensins og áhrif hans á lungnatrefjunen_US
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisen_US

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