Development of AsymPol- and bTurea-Derived Bis-Nitroxides for DNP-Enhanced NMR in Biological Systems
| dc.contributor | University of Iceland | en |
| dc.contributor | Háskóli Íslands | is |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Snorri Þór Sigurðsson | |
| dc.contributor.author | Wilson, Ancy Trisha | |
| dc.contributor.department | Faculty of Physical Sciences (UI) | en |
| dc.contributor.department | Raunvísindadeild (HÍ) | is |
| dc.contributor.school | School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI) | en |
| dc.contributor.school | Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ) | is |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-06-16T16:35:14Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-06-16T16:35:14Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2026-06-16 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-enhanced solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful technique to unravel complex biomolecular structures at atomistic resolution. DNP serves to overcome the inherent insensitivity of NMR by the polarization transfer from unpaired electrons to nuclei of interest under microwave irradiation. The sensitivity gain conferred by DNP enables the detection of biomolecules at their physiological concentration. Nitroxide biradicals have shown to be excellent polarizing agents at 9.4 T and 14.1 T, prompting our interest in utilizing them to investigate complex systems via DNP-NMR. However, their broader applicability is limited by several factors, including synthetic challenges, lack of specificity, poor aqueous solubility, and rapid reduction in a reducing environment. This thesis describes the development of synthetic strategies for nitroxide-based biradicals to address these limitations. Firstly, a series of AsymPol-derivatives, including an isothiocyanate, a tetrazine, a maleimide, a cholesterolbased tripod, and an azide, was synthesized to enable targeting of diverse systems ranging from biomolecules to materials. These radicals enabled targeted DNP, which allows selective enhancement of signals from specific sites. Secondly, bTurea-derived bcTCOOKs and bcTmols were developed as readily accessible and water-soluble derivatives to address synthetic limitations associated with highly performing bis-nitroxide biradicals. Among these, bcTCOOK-M2 was the highest yielding and exhibited particularly high DNP sensitivity. Finally, a synthetic strategy was established for highly water-soluble, reductionresistant nitroxide radicals (43 and 44) for in-cell DNP applications. Their stability in the presence of ascorbic acid was evaluated and compared with known radicals; however, they did not exhibit sufficient stability under reductive conditions. | en |
| dc.description.abstract | Mögnun á kjarnaskautun (e. dynamic nuclear polarization, DNP) fyrir kjarnsegulgreiningu á föstu efni (e. solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, ssNMR) hefur á undanförnum árum þróast í öfluga aðferð til að greina byggingu á flóknum lífsameindum. DNP eykur styrkleika merkja í NMR með því að flytja skautun frá ópöruðum rafeindum yfir á kjarna sameindarinnar sem á að mæla. Sú aukning sem verður á næmni NMR mælinga með notkun DNP gerir kleift að greina lífsameindir við lífeðlisfræðilegan styrk þeirra. Þar sem nítroxíð tvístakeindir hafa reynst afar vel sem skautunarefni við 9,4 T og 14,1 T segulsvið, henta þau vel til rannsókna á á flóknum lífsameindum með DNP-NMR. Hins vegar er víðtæk notkun þeirra takmörkuð, meðal annars vegna flókinna efnasmíða, skorti á sértækni, lélegri vatnsleysni og hraðri afoxun í afoxandi umhverfi. Þessi doktorsritgerð lýsir hönnun nýrra aðferða við efnasmíði á nítroxíð tvístakeindum, til að takast á við þessar takmarkanir. Í fyrsta lagi var röð AsymPol-afleiða smíðaðar sem innhalda m.a. ísóþíósýanat, tetrasín, maleimíð, kólesteról og azíð til sértækar notkunar á fjölbreyttum kerfum, allt frá lífsameindum til fastefna. Þessar afleiður af tvístakeindum gerðu okkur kleyft að nota DNP til þess að auka markvisst NMR merki frá ákveðnum stöðum á sameindinni. Í öðru lagi voru smíðaðar nýjar bTurea-afleiður, bcTCOOK og bcTmol, sem auðvelda efnasmíðar á vatnsleysanlegum og öflugum nítroxíð tvístakeindum. Af þessum afleiðum var bcTCOOK-M2 með bestu heimturnar og sýndi sérstaklega mikla mögnun á kjarnaskautun. Að lokum var þróuð aðferð fyrir efnasmíði á nítroxíð tvístakeindum, sem eru í senn vatnssæknar og afoxunarþolnar (43 og 44), til DNP-mælinga í frumum. Stöðugleiki þeirra reyndist ekki nægur við afoxandi aðstæður til notkunar í frumum. | is |
| dc.format.extent | 341 | |
| dc.identifier.isbn | 978-9935-585-04-2 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/8079 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.publisher | University of Iceland, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Physical Sciences | en |
| dc.rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess | |
| dc.subject | Dynamic nuclear polarization | en |
| dc.subject | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy | en |
| dc.subject | Biomolecular chemistry | en |
| dc.subject | Segulstraumfræði | is |
| dc.subject | Lífefnafræði | is |
| dc.subject | Litrófsgreining | is |
| dc.title | Development of AsymPol- and bTurea-Derived Bis-Nitroxides for DNP-Enhanced NMR in Biological Systems | en |
| dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
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