Weathering of volcanic tephra and its impact on soil formation south of Vatnajökull glacier

dc.contributorHáskóli Íslandsen_US
dc.contributorUniversity of Icelanden_US
dc.contributor.advisorGuðrún Gísladóttir, Egill Erlendsson, Franz Ottneren_US
dc.contributor.authorBonatotzky, Theresa
dc.contributor.departmentLíf- og umhverfisvísindadeild (HÍ)en_US
dc.contributor.departmentFaculty of Life and Environmental Sciences (UI)en_US
dc.contributor.schoolVerkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ)en_US
dc.contributor.schoolSchool of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI)en_US
dc.date.accessioned2021-12-16T13:58:45Z
dc.date.available2021-12-16T13:58:45Z
dc.date.issued2021-06
dc.description.abstractFrequent tephra deposition and a steady influx of aeolian material of diverse origin dominate soil formation in Iceland. Little is known about the weathering behaviour, mineral formation and alteration of tephra and Icelandic soils after tephra deposition. This thesis presents the results from extensive studies on soil mineralogy and pedogenesis in various Icelandic soil types and different soil environments. The sampling sites were selected according to the presence of the light coloured rhyolitic tephra from the Öræfajökull eruption in 1362 CE and a dark-coloured basaltic Veiðivötn tephra from 1477 CE in the volcanically active area south of Vatnajökull, SE Iceland. All investigated soils were acidic and dominated by sand. Indicated by Feo/Fed ratios above 0.75, they classify as being in an early stage of chemical weathering and soil development. The major portion of the clay size particles are mainly derived from amorphous and poorly crystalline constituents (allophane and ferrihydrite). However, traces of layer silicates (smectite, hydroxy interlayerd minerals and secondary chlorite) were found at all sites. The determining factor of pedogenesis in the histosols was the OM, but the aeolian transport of tephra over long distances and re-deposition as well as local site conditions, rather than the primary composition of the parent material, were the important factors in the development of all investigated soils and the alteration of minerals. Icelandic soils develop in a very dynamic environment. None of the profiles represented a well-developed-pedon, but appeared disturbed over time, showing signs of external influences.en_US
dc.description.abstractTíð eldgos með tilheyrandi gjóskufalli og stöðugt áfok vindborinna efna af ólíkum uppruna setja mestan svip á jarðvegsþróun á Íslandi. Skortur er á þekkingu á veðrun, myndun og ummyndun steinda í gjósku í íslenskum jarðvegi í kjölfar gjóskjufalls. Í þessari ritgerð eru niðurstöður umfangsmikillar rannsóknar kynntar, sem tekur til steindafræði og jarðvegsþróunar í mismunandi jarðvegsflokkum og í breytilegu umhverfi jarðvegsmyndunar. Rannsóknarsvæðið er á virku eldfjallasvæði sunnan við Vatnajökul á Suðausturlandi Á öllum sýnatökustöðum sem notaðir voru í rannsókninni finnast ljóslituð, súr gjóska frá Öræfajökulsgosi frá 1362 e.Kr. og dökklituð, basísk gjóska úr gosi í Veiðivötum árið 1477 e.Kr. Öll jarðvegsýni í þessari rannsókn reyndust súr og sandkennd. Hlutfall Feo/Fed > 0.75 gefur til kynna að efnaveðrun og jarðvegsþróun sé skammt á veg komin. Meginhluti agna í leirstærð felst í myndlausum (e. amorphous) eða ófullkomlega kristölluðum (e. poorly crystalline) efnum (allófan og ferrihýdrít). Engu að síður fundust ummerki um lagsiliköt á öllum sýnatökustöðum (smektít, steindir með hýdroxýl jónir milli laganna og síð-steindina klórít). Lífræn efni voru ráðandi þáttur jarðvegsþróunar í mójörð (e. histosol), en flutningur gjósku með vindi yfir langar vegalengdir, tilflutningur gjósku og staðbundnir umhverfisþættir réðu meiru um jarðvegsþróun og ummyndun steinda en frumsamsetning móðurefnisins. Íslenskur jarðvegur þróast í síbreytilegu umhverfi. Ekkert jarðvegssniðanna mátti skilgreina sem vel þróað og öll sýndu þau ummerki um rask og áhrif frá ytri umhverfisþáttum.en_US
dc.format.extent99en_US
dc.identifier.citationTheresa Bonatotzky, 2021, Weathering of volcanic tephra and its impact on soil formation south of Vatnajökull glacier, PhD dissertation, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, 99 pp.en_US
dc.identifier.isbn978-9935-9555-3-1
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/2745
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherUniversity of Iceland, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciencesen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectEldgosen_US
dc.subjectGjóskaen_US
dc.subjectGjóskudreifingen_US
dc.subjectJarðvegsrannsókniren_US
dc.subjectVatnajökullen_US
dc.titleWeathering of volcanic tephra and its impact on soil formation south of Vatnajökull glacieren_US
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisen_US

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