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Decreased incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic : a retrospective population-based study

Decreased incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic : a retrospective population-based study


Titill: Decreased incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic : a retrospective population-based study
Höfundur: Hafsteinsdóttir, Brynhildur
Dalemo, Ellen
Elíasdóttir, Ólöf
Ólafsson, Elías
Axelsson, Markus
Útgáfa: 2023-03
Tungumál: Enska
Umfang: 6
Deild: Faculty of Medicine
Internal Medicine and Emergency Services
Birtist í: Neuroepidemiology; 57(1)
ISSN: 0251-5350
DOI: 10.1159/000527726
Efnisorð: Taugasjúkdómafræði; COVID-19; Guillain-Barr syndrome; Incidence; Population-based studies; Vaccine; Pandemics; Humans; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19/epidemiology; COVID-19 Vaccines; Guillain-Barre Syndrome/epidemiology; Influenza Vaccines; Retrospective Studies; Neurology (clinical); Epidemiology; SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
URI: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/4182

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Tilvitnun:

Hafsteinsdóttir, B, Dalemo, E, Elíasdóttir, Ó, Ólafsson, E & Axelsson, M 2023, 'Decreased incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic : a retrospective population-based study', Neuroepidemiology, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1159/000527726

Útdráttur:

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome is an immune-mediated acute inflammatory polyneuropathy that is associated with various triggers, including certain infections and vaccines. It has been suggested that both SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination may be triggering factors for Guillain-Barré syndrome, but evidence remains equivocal. Here, we conducted a population-based incidence study of Guillain-Barré syndrome spanning the 3 years immediately prior to and the 2 years during the pandemic. Methods: Cases were identified by searching a regional diagnostic database for the ICD-10 code for Guillain-Barré syndrome. Individuals who fulfilled the Brighton criteria for Guillain-Barré syndrome were included. Information on clinical presentation, laboratory values, and vaccination status were retrieved from medical records. We calculated the incidence immediately prior to and during the pandemic. Results: The Guillain-Barré syndrome incidence rate was 1.35/100,000 person-years for the pre-pandemic period and 0.66/100,000 person-years for the pandemic period (incidence rate ratio: 0.49; p = 0.003). Three cases were temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and 1 case each to the AstraZeneca and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines. Conclusions: Our results show that the incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome decreased during the pandemic. This is most likely due to decreased prevalence of triggering infections due to social restrictions. Our findings do not support a causal relationship between Guillain-Barré syndrome and COVID-19.

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The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.

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