In 2012, the eruption of deep-sea volcano Havre produced an abundance of fine ash at a depth of ~ 1000 m below sea level. In this study the 2D shapes of Havre ash grains retrieved from the seafloor were compared quantitatively with those of particles ...

For most of the Holocene the main driver of vegetation and environmental change in Iceland was climate, although intermittent volcanic events had short term impacts. This changed with the Norse colonisation in the late 9th century AD, from when land ...

Iceland’s position at the confluence of major oceanic and atmospheric fronts results in a highly sensitive climate evident in both instrumental and paleo records. However, open questions still remain regarding the pre-instrumental evolution of climate, ...